...To employees (memo) This afternoon there was a significant cave-in in the San Jose mine that resulted in 33 of our employees being trapped. They are 2300 feet underground. At this time we have no way to communicate with them. Therefore, we do not know how many, if any, are injured or if they are alive. We are working very hard to set up communication and come up with a rescue plan. We will do everything in our power to bring them home safely. We greatly value each and everyone of our employees. Please stay positive and keep the miners and their families in your thoughts and prayers. To family (face-to-face meeting) I have asked to speak with you to inform you that there has been a collapse in the San Jose mine today. The collapse has resulted in 33 men being trapped. Your husband/son is one of those men. I want you to know we are going to do everything we possibly can to rescue everyone. Unfortunately, at this time, we have no form of communication available with them. Therefore we do not know how many are injured or how many have survived. I know this is horrible news and you are very concerned about your loved one. Please take comfort in knowing we will do whatever is necessary to rescue all 33 men. We are working as fast as we can to set up communication and come up with a plan for rescue. We will keep you involved every step of the way. We will also be here to support you through this process. There is a good chance that the rescue could take...
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...The Welfare Dilemma in America Defending Americas Financial Integrity Michael A. Barron, J.D., CPA Credits To: Claude Allen Barron, Ph.D. Merwin Michael Scruggs, M.D., M.B.A. Reagan Shea Thomas, M.S. ABSTRACT I will attempt to defend the ever-‐growing problem that lies within the current Welfare system in the United States of America, and try to explain why it must be reformed so that the country can continue to operate on the perpetual system of capitalism. College of Business | School of Accountancy In a world of increasing demand and decreasing supply by way of domestic distributors, we may at times wonder why the prices of many different resources soar at astronomical prices. The answer to this question is very simple when you just think about it in its entirety; we can simply call the influences of these prices, market externalities. Market externalities often times are confused with how desire influences the world around us, but instead these externalities are caused by outside influences such as government mandate or outsourcing from one country to another. The externalities will continue with the times to keep up with a world of great demand, but there will be no greater supply. This seminar will be composed of only two parts...
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...According to B. F. Skinner (Science and Human Behavior, 1965), the Operant Conditioning is the process by which a response becomes more or less likely to occur depending on its consequences. The schedule of reinforcement is an important component of learning process under the Operant Conditioning. I would like to apply this theory on the 2 dogs with same age in 2 different educating situation. The 2 objects of study are Yorkshire Terrier in my cousin’s home and Toy Poodle in ours. The Yorkshire Terrier was educated under random schedule, while the Toy Poodle was educated under continuous reinforcement schedule. While house training the Yorkshire Terrier and Toy Poodle, classical conditioning was applied. In order to communicate the command and action to the 2 objects, we applied the motivational training. Motivational training engages the use of rewards to strengthen good performance, and overlooks all bad behavior (Marlo Shelby, 1999). It is based on Thorndike's Law of Effect (Burch Mary R. and Jon S. Bailey, 1999), which states that actions that generate rewards tend to increase in regularity and actions that do not generate rewards decrease in frequency. We brought both Yorkshire Terrier and Toy Poodle into the cage while saying the command “House” then gave them snacks, after that we reward them with snacks whenever they get into the cage. Both Yorkshire Terrier and Toy Poodle learnt to get to the cage with the command “House”. After learning the command, Yorkshire...
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...How Did The Great Depression Affect the South? The Great Depression in the South came at a time when the South was still not fully recovered from the civil war. As a result the economy was already in worse shape than their thriving Northern counterparts. The South was the poorest section of the depression with a per capita income ½ of that of the northern states. Workers struggled to feed their families even before the stock market crash of 1929. As people who would be interviewed later on would state, “those were the good old days, but the good old days were pretty tough.” After the depression hit the south fell into even worse hardship. One county in North Carolina saw 3,500 Farm Foreclosures out of 5,280 farms in the county in a single year. This means if you were farming during that time period and lived next to two other farmers’ chances are two out of the three of you would have lost your farm within the year, an amazingly high figure. A swarm of Locus and a drought hurt farmers even more by making it harder for them to grow their crops. Governments in the South during the great depression responded to the economic disaster by raising the sales tax and cutting spending on government programs. These two things lead to an even greater disaster. All of the problems in the South lead Franklin Roosevelt to refer to the south during the great depression as the nation’s number one...
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...The United States and The Fall of Rome a Looking Similar Rome had many downfalls to lead towards its demise like political corruption, military spending and greed. You would think those things don’t exist in the great nation of the United States, but if you thought that then you are clearly ignorant. There are plenty of similarities between the downfall of Rome and the United States, which are economic instability, spreading the military too thin and inflation. The Decline of Rome was due to numerous items such as economic instability, taxation, military dissipation and political corruption. During the years of the downfall Rome began to rely on imports from other countries such as Egypt. Rome imported more then they exported which was a deficiency in income. Once Caesar obtained power he then started to acquire more and more land, which was filled with greed. He wanted people to perceive him to be higher then the gods they people celebrated. This became a problem across Rome and so diversity among religions was considered, “ against the rules.” Caesar began to have relations with Cleopatra. This then turned into a rule of lovers, which they wanted to take over the eastern hemisphere. With the military spread to thin, sickness and zero surplus of food the nation crumbled. Without a military to defend them Rome would easily be invaded and dismissed as a civilization. Though the United States may not be the Fall of Rome, both civilizations had copious things in common. Such...
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...Over the years, there have been so many societies that have collapsed. Jared Diamond, a scientist who studies societies and their declines, believes that a collapse results from environmental damage, climate change, hostile neighbors, friendly trade partners, or a societies response to the their problems (11). Diamond wrote about many societies in his engrossing book Collapse, but out of them all, the Greenland Norse seems to be the one that supports his ideas and opinions the most. The Greenland Norse was a landscape where Vikings settled, but unfortunately their civilization came to an end after being severely damaged. As Jared Diamond would say "collapse isn't inevitable but depends on a society's choices" (21). This shows that the actions of the colonist that settled in Greenland were the main prospect of its end. Overall the collapse of Greenland Norse is instructive because it declined from deforestation and soil erosion, colder climates, military issues with their neighbors, cut-off trade with Europe, and their inability to adopt useful methods from their surrounding societies; these problems fall into all of Jared Diamonds factors in his five point framework impeccably proving his theory. Firstly, the Norse caused ecological downfall by all the reckless logging and farming they did, which resulted in soil erosion and deforestation. Due to this, the settlers lost lumber, firewood, and iron (Diamond 250). Lumber and firewood were scarce because there was no trees left...
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...Zhiyi Song (Song) Principles of Macroeconomics G03 Professor Jean-Pierre Mulumba January 15, 2016 Summary of “Pitfalls to Sound Economic Reasoning” There are five common pitfalls to avoid when people are applying the economic perspective. The first one is biases. People usually bring their biases to the businesses. Government regulation is not always good for everybody’s economics. People should abandon their preconceptions of the economics, then they can avoid the pitfalls. The second one is loaded terminology. People get many information and loaded terminology from newspapers and broadcast media. Some people think that all the government workers are “mindless bureaucrats”,and all the high profits are “obscene”. Those wrong opinions make people far away from success. The third one is fallacy of composition. People should jump our of their own world to see the whole economics, so that people could get a better view and make good decisions. People should not let the fallacy confuse them. The fourth one is post hoc fallacy. Sometimes, people think event A is the cause of event B because A precedes B. But not all the situation are the same. There is an example that the Great Depression. Many people don’t think that the weaknesses in the economy caused the Great Depression, they think the stock market crash caused it. People should not look at the whole situation to find the cause of an event.The last one is correlation. Many people think that if variable X increases and Y also...
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...VISUAL DISTORTIONS NEAR A NEUTRON STAR AND BLACK HOLE ABSTRACT The visual distortion effects visible to an observer traveling around and descending to the surface of an extremely compact star are described. Specifically, trips to a "normal" neutron star with relatively weak surface gravity, an ultracompact neutron star with extremely high surface gravity, and a black hole are described. Concepts such as multiple imaging, red- and blue-shifting, conservation of surface brightness, the photon sphere, and the existence of multiple Einstein rings are discussed in terms of what the viewer would see. Computer generated, general relativistically correct illustrations highlighting the distortion effects are presented and discussed. A short movie (VHS) depicting many of these effects is available to those interested free of charge. I. BACKGROUND It is impossible for a human to travel very near a high gravity star which has a mass like that of the Sun. If, somehow, a person could survive the extremely harmful radiation that would be emitted on or near these objects, the high gravity itself would likely pose insurmountable problems. The person could not stand casually on the surface of such a star because the high surface gravity would tend to flatten them. (Lying down wouldn't help.) Were a person to orbit the star in a spaceship, however, the immense gravitational field would be overcome by a large outward centrifugal acceleration.[1] The problem in this case, however, is the...
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...Knowing Your Audience Nicole Mills BCOM/275 2/27/2012 Mark Trollinger Knowing Your Audience Understanding the needs of your audience is always important, but even more vital when dealing with disasters such as the Chilean copper mine collapse in 2010. In a scenario as dire as this, a company must address the families, friends, co-workers of the miners, and the community. Public relations officers must remain composed, polite, empathetic, and optimistic when providing information to the internal and external audience members. Employees will typically become aware of the disaster as it happens. However, family members must be contacted immediately. The family members of the trapped miners should either be contacted by phone or in person, whichever is more viable depending on the number of employees affected and the capabilities of the company. After receiving the devastating news, family and friends should be allowed on site to be provided with support and as many answers as possible. Employees should be provided with information through a channel such as a memo until a meeting can be arranged to answer further questions and address pending concerns. Employees should be provided with more facts and guaranteed that the safety of their co-workers is the company’s number one priority. A support group or counselor should be offered to console family members and co-workers in distress. Communication Directed Toward Families Family members of...
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...Life without Bees By: Aisha Walker The Current situation: Life without Bees Colony collapse disorder, as situation in which adult bees become crucial to the colony’s survival by abandonment of the hive by either dying or flying off. The disorder was uncannily reminiscent of the mysterious disappearance of the Mayans centuries ago, and as the crisis continued, researches scrambled to learn why our bees were declining and determine what to do. Colony collapse disorders has wiped out over 10 million bee hives percent annually in recent years and there are now about $2 billion over the past six years. The death rate for colonies has hit 30 the U.S; down from 6 million in 1947 and 3 million in 1990. That downward spiral leaves”virtually no cushion of bees for pollination’” the report authors write. In recent years, agricultural pesticides have become a leading suspect in bee deaths. Attention has focused on a class of chemicals called neonicotinoids as global concern grows over the bee population crash, which has affected several European countries too.But scientist increasingly believe several interacting factors from diseases carrying parasites to poor nutrition to pesticides and is responsible for the mass die off. For instance, the report says studies have shown that exposure to even non-fatal levels of neonicotinoids may make bees more susceptible to disease; and as agriculture becomes more industrial and natural habitats that formerly bordered farmland are destroyed...
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...Colony Collapse Disorder LaTisha R. Caldwell-Bullis Columbia Southern University Abstract The mysterious, yet abrupt disappearance of honey bees from the beehive is known as colony collapse disorder or CCD. The disorder used to be known as disappearing disease, May disease, and even fall dwindle disease yet was given its current name, Colony Collapse Disorder, late in 2006. It was renamed after the abrupt and disturbing vanishing of Western honeybee colonies here in North America, yet the same occurrence was noticed in Europe in areas such as France and the Netherlands (Wikipedia, 2014). The shortage in honeybees and their natural pollination services has led to an increase in farmers having to rent pollination services to service their crops. There are many factors to blame for the shortage of honey bees, for example, pesticides and insecticides such as neonicotinoids, malnutrition, pathogens, genetic factors, immunodeficiencies, loss of habitats, and declining beekeeping practices, antibiotics, and miticides. Some other causes of CCD are contamination, parasite loads in bees and brood, nutritional fitness of adult bees, stress levels, and a total lack of genetic diversity (Sutphin, 2014). The focus for this particular case study will be on neonicotinoids, antibiotics, and they were developed because at the time, they showed less of a toxic effect on humans and crops, as compared to organophosphate and carbonate insecticides. The mysterious, yet abrupt disappearance of honey...
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...Collapse- book is about a history topic about how societies choose to fail or survive. The main characters are historical people and unknown kings of Mayan cities or Easter Island villages. Jared Diamond tells the story of the Viking explorer Erik the Red, who discovered Greeland and Vinland (Terranova, in Canada). Another character is captain Olafsson, a norse sailor who wrote the last news about Greenland in 1410. Another main character is Christopher Columbus, who arrived at Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when...
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...Enron was a leading advocate of restructuring energy markets in the United States and the largest player in the energy trading business. What led to Enron’s collapse? The company’s most recent troubles can be traced to revelations in October 2001 of massive amounts of unreported debt and steep losses incurred in non-energy and oversees energy partnerships established between Enron and other companies. In accounting arrangements now under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Enron for several years had kept the debt and losses off its balance sheet. When these losses and the level of debt became known, the marketplace lost confidence in Enron; shareholders sold the stock and credit agencies slashed the company’s credit ratings. In addition, domestic trading partners required increasing amounts of collateral due to Enron’s impaired credit-worthiness. This drained Enron’s cash reserves, forcing them to take on more debt, creating a death spiral. By the end of November 2001, credit agencies had downgraded Enron’s debt to “junk” status and shareholder selling had driven stock prices from a 2000 high of nearly $90 to less than a dollar. When a proposed merger with Dynegy Inc. fell through in late November, Enron sought protection from creditors in bankruptcy court. What does Enron’s collapse say about U.S. energy markets? Although Enron was closely associated with the move to open U.S. energy markets to...
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...ENRON The Downfall of Enron Introduction In recent months, the well publicised collapse of Enron has dominated the international financial news. The impact that Enron has had on both the accounting and business world will be long lasting and there is a need for an accounting shake-up. German newspapers have been casting doubts on the long-term prospects of the so-called “Big 5”. Some articles have been sceptical over the remaining “Big 4” accounting firms’ future and see Andersen as the start of a long-term downturn in the accounting world. (“Das Ende der Big 5”, ICN 2002) Andersens were auditors of Enron until the company’s collapse. They were not only auditors but provided consultancy. This was one of the major factors behind Enron’s collapse, as there were conflicts in their duties. Andersen could have found their fees cut substantially if they did not comply with Enron’s auditing demands. Acconting firms want their consultancy practices to be efficient. Therefore, they want their clients to look as profitable as possible. However, auditors need to provide a true and fair view of the accounts. They must not be tempted to manipulate financial reports. In Enron’s case, thıs duty was neglected. There is a lot of literature on creative accounting and Andersens used some of oldest tricks of manipulation. Enron’s financial reports had hidden liabilities and capatalised many expenses which should have been written off in the year they occured. As a result, profits were...
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...The Collapse of Enron Who were the stakeholders involved in, or affected by, the collapse of Enron? How and what degree were they hurt or helped by the actions of Enron management? Some of the stakeholders were directly responsible for Enron’s collapse. The deregulation of the 1980s presented an opportunity to become the “gas bank” reducing market risk. After this success Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling and Andrew Fallow became the market makers, buying and selling over 1,800 products. These top executives’ unethical practices and their internal control system manipulated the law to keep the company’s reputation but were responsible for the collapse. After the collapse the management continued to lie to employees who invested in Enron stock; the rest of shareholders thought that the company was in great shape. The accounting records and balance sheets information were manipulated to reflect an image of success prior to the collapse to attract and mislead investors, the public and shareholders. Andersen’s accounting consultants responsible for Enron’s accounting records destroyed thousands of documents to manipulate such information. This misleading information allowed Enron to acquire the loans necessary to expand its investment even when the company had a huge debt. After the collapse those banks were sued by shareholders and investors for the bad loans written up. At the end of Enron’s collapse, the employees who invested in the company, investors and stockholders were...
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