...Gas Worlwide Environmet Economic Environmet. Macroeconomics. Dña. Susana Garcia Andión Dña. Iria Regueiro Espiñeira D. Ernesto Rodríguez Cuervo D. Cesar González Soto D. Damián Rodriguez Estévez 2012 GAS WORLWIDE ENVIRONMET 10/02/2012 INDEX. 1. Introduction. 2 2. Major world producers, exporters, importers and reserve holders. 3 * Producing Countries. * Exporting Countries. * Proved Reserves. * Importing Countries. 3. Leading players at “gas game”. 6 * Russia. * Qatar. * Saudi Arabia. * USA. * Turkmenistan. * China. * Canada. * Spain. 4. Largest companies. 8 * National Iranian Oil. * Saudi Arabian Oil. * Qatar General Petroleum Corporation. * Iraq National Oil Company. * Petroleos de Venezuela SA. * Gazprom Group. 5. Main pipelines. 11 6. Conclusion. 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 14 1. INTRODUCTION. Petrol is currently the “star” resource when analyzing world energy resources according to their relative weigh and its price’s impact on world economy. On the other hand, renewable energies tend to focus attention when innovation or sustainability is the main analysis factor. Maybe because these are most common approaches, we have consider that focusing on gas might be a pretty original one, once it was...
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...Investment Agreements in Oil and Gas on the Right to Health and the Right to a Healthy Environment: A Case Study of the Niger Delta” Full Name of Student (Your student registration number) A XXXXXXXXXXX DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF DEGREE OF XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX UNIVERITY Declaration I hereby declare that research thesis is my original work and has never been used presented for any degree or diploma in any university or institution. Where material is obtained from published or unpublished works, this has been fully acknowledged by citation in the main text and inclusion in the list of references. Table of Contents Declaration 2 Table of Contents 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 Background of the study 11 1.2 Statement of the Problem 27 1.2 Research Aims 29 1.3 Research Objectives 30 1.4 Research Questions 31 1.5 Justification of the Research 32 1.6 Research Methodology 42 1.6.2 Research design 45 1.6.2 Target population 45 1.6.3 Sampling 46 1.6.4 Data collection 46 1.6.5 Data presentation 46 1.7 Definition of terms 46 1.8.2 Environment 47 1.8.3 The right to health and the right to a healthy environment 47 1.8.4 Human Right...
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...Abstract Most vehicles that use gas function using compressed natural gas (CNG). The safe nature of natural gas has given it preference over other engine driven fuel. One very important factor of following alternative fuel vehicle technology is to control the effect of emission on the environment. Natural gas vehicles do not emit toxic gases like other fueled engines. Natural gas vehicles emit clean gas, have a very clean internal combustion, and emit very few pollutants. The gas emitted by vehicles using natural gas constitute clean air to the environment and clean air standards in most big initialized cities like the United States. Natural gas vehicles burn cleaner than traditionally fuelled vehicles because of the compound composition of natural gas. Natural gas does not emit much of toxic gas; it releases little amounts of propane, ethane, and butane when used in vehicles. The environmental hazards caused by natural gas vehicles are a lot less than those running on traditional fuel vehicles. Table of Contents List of Tables 3 Executive Summary 5 Introduction 5 Problem and Opportunity 5 Purpose 5 Background 6 Sources 6 Scope 7 Structure 8 Key Terms 9 Methods 9 Results 10 Conclusion...
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...gasoline powered car uses only 14-26% of its power, wasting the other 76%. This is just one of the many reasons why electric cars are much better than gas powered cars. Gas cars have many disadvantages and ecological cons while electric cars are efficient and environmentally friendly. This essay will argue that electric cars are more beneficial than gas cars. First off electric cars are very easy to maintain. Electric cars don’t need to have oil changes or spark plug replacements and many more parts. Electric cars are very reliable because there aren’t as many parts that can break or malfunction. Electric cars have regenerative braking that gives some energy to the battery, it also spares friction brakes meaning brake pad, caliper and other maintenance is not needed as frequently. Gas cars need oil changes, spark plug, and etc very often....
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...Rising Gas Prices: A Better and Cleaner Earth Essay 2 Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Professor Christine Hansen English 123 May 22, 2007 Abstract The cost of gas has rapidly increased in the recent years. But what most people do not realize is that rising gas prices is a good thing. Most people see gas prices as a thing to hate but in reality it leads to major innovations. Not just better cars but a better environment. The future automotive industry is fueled by the cost of gas. If gas prices stayed low no one would do anything to change and make the future better. Rising Gas Prices: A Better and Cleaner Earth Everyone fells the pain of rising gas prices, but what most people don’t see is the good side. The more gas cost the less people will want to use it. This will lead to better fuel economy, alternate means of travel and ultimately to alternative fuel sources. Rising gas prices will ultimately be one of the greatest environmental events in the history of the human race. Gas prices have been rising for several different reasons including government regulation, low supply from refineries and low supply of crude oil. Gas prices are increasing at an alarming rate; according to the Department of Energy (2007, May 14), the current national average is $3.10. The price has increased over 43% from 2005. The price of one barrel of crud is above $60. These rapid rises in gas prices have already caused changes to the minds of Americans. According...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Business and Management Case of Gm (Non-Market Environment) In: Business and Management Case of Gm (Non-Market Environment) Question 1: Identify and explain the 4l’s based on the case. a. Issues The dispute over the safety of the PICKUP TRUCKS, vehicle safety and defective design Firstly, the root cause is that the GM company has a unreasonable design of their gas tank on the collisions GM C/K pickups, the report shows that this pickups’ gas tank was too close with the bumper, it only 25 centimeters long. This is dangerous because that will cause explosions if there is any strike. A safety design should be place the gas tank on the top of axle or add on a shield between the gas tank and bumper. Further, the report also shows that the gas tank design was used for trucks manufactured between 1979 and 1987, and the fact is GM knows about their design problem but take no measure to fix or recall their cars because that will cause more cost. At the Moseley case happens, there are at least 130 other lawsuits involving the design of the gas tank GM need to faced. So the major issue of this case in this point is that whether the gas tank design and placement were defective and because that explosion case after their pickup was struck on the side by another vehicle. And those assumptions were proved by the GM engineer who is testified...
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...It is recommended for Daves Oil and Gas to exercise due diligence by complying with the legislatures governing it, in order to overcome environment liabilities and also carrying out risk management. Management should be able prove that the company took all reasonable action and care to prevent committing an offence. Furthermore, in order for due diligence to be effective, the proposed company should emphasize on the level of employees training. An Environmental Management System (EMS) which is a tool used by company to measure, identify and manage the effects of its activities on the environment is recommended to Daves Oil and Gas. An EMS would be useful to Daves Oil and Gas because it would help the company set out its goal for environmental...
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...natural gas from shale rock. The fracking fluid is then pushed and drilled down into the ground 10,000 ft. at high volumes of pressure then reaches the end of the well causing the shale rock to crack and the natural gas begins to flow into the well to the surface for use. This hydraulic fracturing idea is something that has been around for years. With much research the process has changed and become a new formation. Shale is a sedimentary rock that forms from silt and clay-size mineral like mud. The oil and natural gas migrated out of black shale rock upwards because of the low density that it has. Conventional reservoirs are deposits where the natural gas and oil flow through the pores of the rock in and up through the well. Marcellus Shale is 1 mile beneath our earths surface. It can be found in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Small amounts can be found in states nearby but Pennsylvania is the main supply for Ohio and New York. Thousands of wells are now being drilled in Pennsylvania a year and in the near future New York will follow suit but New York’s water supply isn't tested and makes the situation worse for their residence. Barnett, Fayettville, and Haynesville Shale are also beginning to boom. Hydraulic tracking produces about 300,000 barrels of gas a day but is it worth the harm to the environment, and safety and health hazards of the people? There are about 500,00 active wells in the U.S. that can provide us with natural gas. This natural...
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... Abstract Hybrid vehicles are known for having more than one battery and two engines (electric and gas) that help alternate the energy needed to run. While a majority of hybrid vehicles are designed not to burn as much fossil fuel, some hybrid vehicles may be designed to use other alternative fuels (such as hydrogen, biodiesel, flex-fuel, etc.). This not only makes them fuel efficient, but friendly to the environment as well. Conscious that carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels is driving global warming, many drivers have opted for hybrids because their fuel efficiency makes them relatively environmentally friendly (Hewitt, et al., 2006). There is a huge difference between non-hybrid vehicles and hybrid vehicles. Unlike the hybrid vehicles, a non-hybrid vehicle only burns fossil fuels that causes smog and a variety of harmful gases (such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide) into the atmosphere, which may be responsible for global warming. Because of the harmful gases in the atmosphere, they are not friendly nor healthy; which actually harms our environment. Renewable energy technologies are being explored to meet the challenges of energy security and climate change, as well as to boost regional economic development (Zhang & Cooke, 2008). Therefore, the two engines (electric and gas) that alternates energy (electric...
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...Context SCGC started back in 1867 when it first installed forty-three gas lamps in Los Angeles, California. At that time the company made the gas from asphaltum, a tar like substance and then later on from oil (History of SOCalGas, 2012). Throughout its 140 year history there have been a series of acquisitions and mergers. The gas lighting business was a promising venture, “until Thomas Edison introduced his new electric light in 1879” (History of SOCalGas, 2012). However, this did not stop SCGC from selling its product; they modified their target market by promoting gas stoves and heaters. In the beginning of the 20th century natural gas was gaining attention, since it was twice as efficient as manufactured gas. The decision was made to, “convert its system to natural gas and build pipelines throughout the state” (History of SOCalGas, 2012). Headquartered in Los Angeles, California, SCGC is the largest supplier of natural gas in the United States. It distributes natural gas to 5.8 million residential, commercial, and industrial meters (20.9 million customers) in more than 500 communities throughout the southern half of California. SoCalGas owns and operates about 97,000 miles of gas distribution mains and service lines, as well as about 4,000 miles of transmission and storage pipeline. The utility also owns gas transmission compressor stations and underground storage facilities (Southern California Gas Company, 2012). It maintains a positive corporate imagine with their...
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...requirement. Coal seam gas which has widely been used in industry is considered as an new energy. Therefore, coal seam gas is playing a vital role in many countries. For instance, coal seam gas industry can provide outstanding economic revenue for Australia (Hamawand , Yusaf, & Hamawand, 2013, p. 552). However, the extraction of coal seam gas encounters opposition because it would bring serious contamination to farmland and environment . This essay will outline the merits of exploiting the coal seam gas which may replace the conventional energy and to reduce contamination. It will also discuss the negative effects of developing the coal seam gas industry on farming and the environment. Coal seam gas is the substaintial energy that can substitute the traditional energy and decrease environmental pollution. First of all, the refining of coal seam gas can lower the environmental pollution. For example, the new Kenya water treatment plant can help changing coal seam gas water to recycle, and thus could reduce the water pollution (GE; advanced technology to produce beneficial water from booming coal seam gas industry in Australia, 2011). Furthermore, the development of coal seam gas can decrease the air pollution. If the discharge of greenhouse gases were limited from burning fossil fuel, the extensive disposal of coal seam gas for coal would obtain a considerable reduction in terms of Australia’s carbon footprint (Chen & Randall, 2013, p. 7). Coal seam gas is a comparatively...
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...Gas Prices have many different effects in our society the effect it have is mostly negative. Everyday our lives depend on gas, when we are going to school, work or just going out for leisure time. The effect of gas are very affecting in our lives because of many ways gas is used in. There are many different negative effects of rising gas prices families will cut back on vacations or people may take different ways of transportation such as bus or train. People that were born after the 90s the gas prices might not seem like a big deal to them because though out the years is always raised up people became used to it . During the early 60’s gas prices were very very cheap. Gas prices back in those days were only about 30 cents a gallon. Then over the decade it raised only five cents more. Then in the 80s the gas crisis bumped the price of gas up $1.30. The major problem gas prices are so high are because the prices placed on crude oil. This ties into taxes other financial problems causes the gas prices to go up so fast. In reality gas is like a business as it runs as the idea as supply and demand. The price of the oil is up to investors if they feel if gas goes higher they bid to a higher point. If they bid high we pay a higher prices at the pump. During the times of summer and spring it become a rise in gas prices. This is due to people making frequent trips over the summer and the gas prices are going to go up. Gas prices can be affected by a whole...
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...in the world. It is in the Oil and Gas Drilling and Exploration Industry. In the oil and gas industry ONGC does a lot of research and development as well as refining and marketing. In 2007 they entered the energy field researching and developing alternative fuels. The company is currently recognized as the “Best Oil and Gas Company in Asia”, by the ‘Global Finance’ magazine. In 2007 it was ranked 369th by the Fortune Global 500 list of largest corporations by turnover. This is only a small measure of their performance thus far. By looking at this and many other achievements it is obvious that ONGC is not slowing down any time soon. When taking into account that it is doing business in what will soon be the most populated country in the world, they will only be growing from here. Our analysis will look at the internal and external factors that affect the business. It will show how strong they are in the Oil Industry but also focus on what they need to do to stay competitive. Strategic Profile ONGC is not only the number one Exploration and Production Company in Asia today, but is also the number 3 E&P Company in the world. It is in the Oil and Gas Drilling and Exploration Industry. In the oil and gas industry ONGC does a lot of research and development as well as refining and marketing. In 2007 they entered the energy field researching and developing alternative fuels. The company is currently recognized as the “Best Oil and Gas Company in Asia”, by the ‘Global Finance’...
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...08 Fall 08 Fall MSc OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT International Environmental Law M28 CLS Ivenia M. Holt Impacts of oil pollution on the environment and wellbeing of a local indigenous community: A case study of the Ogoni people of Nigeria. 1.0 Introduction Ogoni is an ethnic group in the Niger (fig. 1) Delta area of Nigeria. It is a high oil-rich area, populated by approximately 500,000 people (Global nonviolent action database 1995). Ogoni’s who are hardworking people are farmers and fisher men, producing food not only for themselves but for most of the Niger Deltan’s (Ebeh n.d). The region has been plagued with serious environmental degradation resulting from activities of oil and gas exploration and exploitation since Shell petroleum development company discovered oil in Ogoni land in 1958 (Global nonviolent action database 1995). However, contaminated lands in this region were not only through wells and pipelines, but by gas flares which produced intense heat and chemical gas fogs that polluted nearby homes and rendered farmlands barren ( Johansen 2010). Oil exploration and production have been carried out by Shell international at Ogoniland since 1950s, but its operations were stopped in the 1990s due to disputes between Shell and the Ogoni’s (Kadafa 2012). As a result, Ogoniland has been characterized by oilfields and installations that have remained dormant, past spills, lack of maintenance, oil trapping and damages to oil infrastructure for over fifteen...
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...of the largest world energy companies. Also it is the main developer of the gas wells in the Pinedale Mesa, which is famous for hunting, fishing, and hiking treasures. Although the natural gas that Questar pumped up gave Mesa a lot of finical benefits, the habitats of wildlife such as elk, mule deer and grouse were encroached by the Questar’s plan of expanding operations. So the argument is whether Questar do their best to balance the value of wildlife and economic benefits or not. In the side of the value of the animals, Questar did not realize that the value of wildlife was very significant for their company’s future development. Gas is one kind of natural resources that comes from good and stable environment. Suppose Questar continue drilling gas wells, not only a large amount of wild animals will be in danger, but also the condition of environment will be in risk. Therefore, my recommendation is Questar should take some money to maintain the wildlife’s natural habitat for protecting exist population and facilitating breed. In the side of economic interests, Questar also did not view the whole picture of the economic benefits. Although, protecting the wildlife’s natural habitat and main route of their migration will cost a large amount of money and time, it could make sure that Questar will have stable environment to drill natural gas for sustainable development. Recently, drilling natural gas helps US to reduce dependence on foreign energy source and develops business...
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