...in San Antonio, Texas, on December 17, 1992, to sign NAFTA. U.S. President George H. W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Mexican President Carlos Salinas, each responsible for spearheading and promoting the agreement, ceremonially signed it. The signed agreement then needed to be authorized by each nation's legislative or parliamentary branch. Before the negotiations were finalized, Bill Clinton came into office in the U.S. and Kim Campbell in Canada, and before the agreement became law, Jean Chrétien had taken office in Canada. The proposed Canada-U.S. trade agreement had been very controversial and divisive in Canada, and the 1988 Canadian election was fought almost exclusively on that issue. In that election, more Canadians voted for anti-free trade parties (the Liberals and the New Democrats) but the split caused more seats in parliament to be won by the pro-free trade Progressive Conservatives (PCs). Mulroney and the PCs had a parliamentary majority and were easily able to pass the 1987 Canada-US FTA and NAFTA bills. However, he was replaced as Conservative leader and prime minister by Kim Campbell. Campbell led the PC party into the 1993 election where they were decimated by the Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien, who had campaigned on a promise to renegotiate or abrogate NAFTA; however, Chrétien subsequently negotiated two supplemental agreements with the new US president. In the US, Bush, who had worked to "fast track" the signing prior to the end of...
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...Evaluation of Talisman Energy’s Hydraulic Fracturing Practises in Hudson Hope ABSTRACT To meet the demand of oil in today’s oil dependent society, Talisman Energy is looking to exploit a mine located in Hudson Hope, British Colombia. The most suitable extraction process is hydraulic fracturing, which currently presents several environmental concerns to the residents located near the mine, and a representation of the general public who believe that hydraulic fracturing is not an ethical method of extraction. Talisman Energy has recently been granted a long term contract to utilize fresh water from BC Hydro’s Williston Reservoir. Local residents are concerned about the additives used in Talismans fracking process, as well as the depletion of their fresh water source. The major environmental concerns associated with hydraulic fracturing include the presence of fracking additives in ground water supply, human induced earthquakes, and the use of large amounts of fresh water supply. Talisman Energy’s proposed plan of action was evaluated using a set of ethical decision making criteria in order to determine if Talisman Energy can be considered an ethical and socially responsible company. An analysis of the criteria determined that Talisman Energy currently fails to operate as an ethical and socially responsible company. Specifically, Talisman Energy did not take the initiative to evaluate more sustainable fresh water sources. It was concluded that upon further exploration in...
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...2 Scope 2 Introduction 3 Advantages of wind power 4 Environmental effects 5 Emissions 5 Ecological footprint 5 Conclusion 7 Recommendation 7 Executive summary The report provides an analysis of the nonmarket issues of the wind power market and provides information relating to wind power projects in Canada. The report aims to help communities balance local concerns with wider environmental needs, thereby allowing the benefits of renewable energy to be realized through careful design and consultation. Additionally, it also provides a profile of a major wind power company in Canada. Problem Electricity generation produces more pollution than virtually any other single industry in Canada. Pollution, air quality, acid rain, nuclear waste and global warming are the unwanted side effects of traditional power production that endanger the environment. Every day, many fossil fuel consuming contraptions spew out gases that pollute the environment. However, when the fuel supplies for these devices run out, they will grind to a halt. To prevent this, Canada needs to find an alternative to unstable and polluting energy sources. Purpose The purpose of this report is to examine wind energy as alternative energy source and effectiveness at reducing emissions by replacing power generated from fossil fuels. Scope The report will examine wind power as an alternative energy source and nonmarket issues. Wind power usage in Canada has been growing at a significant rate in the past few years...
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...between the United States, Canada and Mexico implemented in the early 1990s. The goal of NAFTA was to eliminate tariff barriers between the three Northern American countries in hopes to promote free trade and a stimulation in economic growth. Based on the economy of each country before and after NAFTA, it is fair to conclude that NAFTA was an overall successful because of the changes economically and socially to each country. Opposition to NAFTA during the early 1990s when its approval was in debate, voiced many concerns on how NAFTA would ultimately create problems economically, socially, and environmentally. Before NAFTA the United States was closely...
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...Wilfredo Q. Mamaril Jr Stenberg College Idle No More The “Idle no More” movement is a grassroots political undertaking of a large group of Canadian Aboriginal people which consist of First Nations, Inuit’s and Metis. The primary focus of the movement is on Indigenous rights and environmental protection. It began as a fairly small group in Canada, but rapidly became international in scale essentially from rapid proliferation through the use of social media such as Facebook and Twitter (OJEN, n.d.). The movement has also attracted a great deal of attention in the Canadian national and local mainstream media, through rallies, protests, teach-ins and direct political actions. Political actions such as flash mobs and round dances around the country protested against omnibus Bill C-45 (currently known as the Jobs and Growth act, 2012) that was introduced and announce by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in October 2012 without consulting the Indigenous peoples (OJEN, n.d.). The vision of Idle No More is to “call on all people to join in a peaceful revolution, to honour Indigenous sovereignty, and to protect the land and water” (idlenomore.ca, n.d.). The Idle No More manifesto contends that “the state of Canada has become one of the wealthiest countries in the world by using the land and resources. Canadian mining, logging, oil and fishing companies are the most powerful in the world due to land and resources. Some of the poorest First Nations communities (such as Attawapiskat) have mines...
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...La Senza Corporation is a Canadian fashion retailer based in Dorval, Quebec, Canada, selling lingerie and intimate apparel. Their primary objective is to maintain the quality of their products and identify what their customer needs in order to maintain their competitive advantage. Their goal is high integrity and ethical performance and establishing a positive relationship in the communities in which they are located. La Senza was bought by Limited Brands an American company in 2006. Currently all of its lingerie products are imported through MAST (a Limited Brands ‘network of suppliers located primarily outside of Canada). Since the buyout, it has experienced decreasing sales in Canada and now has fewer than half its original stores count. The challenge for La Senza is to be a good corporate citizen by maintaining and creating positive social relationship, as well as ethical practices, while still achieving their economic and financial responsibilities to their shareholders. Since the change of ownership, La Senza’s annual sales have dropped for more than a year since 2008. In 20013, La Senza made $72.8 million in the first quarter down $ 3.5 million from 2012 and a failing stock value from $52.12 per share to a stock value is currently at $49.79 per share. In 2010 it closed the Canadian La Senza Girl stores due to poor productivity. At the beginning of 2013 La Senza had 158 stores operating in Canada but as today they have 157 stores and it is on the verge of closing another...
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...International Environmental Diplomacy: Canada’s Actions in the Stockholm Convention, the Basel Convention, and the Montreal Protocol Canada’s Role in Global Environmental Governance According to John Kirton, a University of Toronto political science professor, “Canada has long been a successful pioneer in generating multilateral environmental agreements and and institutions for the global community, and its legacy…generates exceptional domestic unity and international respect” (Abstract). Canada’s respect for the environment stems from its profound understanding of the impact other countries have had on its own lands, fisheries, and other natural resources over the years. Canada’s role in global environmental governance (GEP), then, has always been large and well-defined; as Tanner put it, “Canada has taken a leading role” (p. 1). Canada and the Basel Convention The Basel Convention of 1989 was signed on March 22 of that year, and now includes 172 countries. The Basel Convention was based on concern about the transboundary movement and the disposal of hazardous wastes which was first raise in the late 1970s and early 1980s (Government of Canada, “Basel Convention”). Canada was a part of the Convention’s development and one off its original signatories; Canada also participated in global environmental governance (GEP) by using the Export and Import of Hazardous Waste Regulations (a prior governing law known as EIHWR) to enforce hazardous waste laws already in effect (Government...
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...Mining Industry Case Analysis | Business Ethics in a Global Context | Presented To: Dr. Jang Singh | | | | Executive Summary This report will examine the Mining Industry via ethical perspectives. This report includes a brief overview of the industry followed by an evaluation of the Mining industry’s value chain; including an environmental analysis of a mining company, as well as an evaluation of the industry’s corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsiveness and finally the corporate social performance. The Mining Industry is one of the World’s largest industries. The ‘idea’ of mining dates back to the beginning stage of civilization. Some examples of early mining can be found in Egypt, Europe and the Philippines. As of now, top mining countries are South Africa, Russia, Australia, Ukraine and Guinea. This industry faces constant technology advancement, consequently it is an expensive investment, with large profit. The Mining Industry can be controversial when looked through an ethical lens. This Industry is analysed through four perspectives. * The utilitarianism perspective, an act is morally right if the outcome benefits the greatest amount of people; * The rights perspective, basically, important entitlements that should be respected and protected in every action; * The justice perspective, fair treatment of individuals in a situation where everyone is involved and gets what they deserve to; * The virtue perspective, morally...
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...MATURING OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Brenda Plant Can one get rich by being responsible? Yes, one can: “To look beyond the investment bottom line does not imply forgetting profits,” says Brenda Plant. To help shed light on this issue, she reviews the state of socially responsible investment in Canada, the evidence regarding its economic performance and the strategies available to implement it. She observes that the financial community remains skeptical and ill-prepared to provide that type of service and that, overall, Canada is lagging behind. To keep pace with other jurisdictions world wide, she recommends that Canada amalgamate the multitude of securities regulators into a single national body. Peut-on à la fois s’enrichir et être socialement responsable ? Oui, croit Brenda Plant : « On peut voir au-delà du rendement d’un placement sans nécessairement renoncer aux profits », dit-elle. Pour éclairer la question, elle analyse l’état des investissements socialement responsables au Canada, leur rendement et les stratégies favorisant leur implantation. Les milieux financiers restent sceptiques à leur égard et mal préparés pour offrir ce service, observe-t-elle, et, d'une manière générale, le Canada accuse en la matière du retard par rapport à d’autres pays. Pour rattraper ce retard, elle propose du fusionner en un seul organisme national la multitude des organismes de réglementation du commerce des valeurs mobilières. T he recent crisis in confidence elicited by a string of corporate...
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...increasing because the demand for trade with Canada is growing. However, Canadians and the country’s economic growth demand a safe and sustainable marine shipping industry. + Polling shows that Canadians are equally aware of the importance of marine shipping to our economy and that environmental concerns cannot be ignored, especially along our coastlines. + Canadians expect improvement by all marine shipping stakeholders — from governments to industry...
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...MANAGEMENT and outline what HRM does. 2) Briefly discuss the External Environmental Influences on HRM. 3) Outline a brief history of HRM. Discuss the three stages through which HRM has evolved. 4) LIST (!) the main prohibited grounds of discrimination common to all Canadian jurisdictions. Assignment 1 - Answers 1. The book Human Resources Management in Canada briefly defines Human Resources Management (HRM) as “the management of people in organizations”. The Educational Portal, however, offers a more detailed definition of the same subject: “Human Resources Management (HRM) is the process an organization undergoes to manage people in order to achieve goals”. In order to accomplish the aforementioned goals, “HRM involves formulating and implementing HRM systems (such as recruitment, performance appraisal, and compensation) that are aligned with the organization’s strategy to ensure that the workforce has the competencies and behaviours require to achieve the organization’s strategic objectives” (Dessler). In other words, “Human Resources Management includes conducting job analyses, planning personnel needs, recruiting the right people for the job, orienting and training, managing wages and salaries, providing benefits and incentives, evaluating performance, resolving disputes, and communicating with all employees at all levels” (http://www.businessdictionary.com). 2. The external Environmental Influences discussed by the book are: * Economic Conditions:...
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...Severity of Non-Severe Laws As Robert Redford once stated, “... the environment should be put in the category of our national security. Defence of our resources is just as important as defence abroad. Otherwise what is there to defend?” Humans are dependent on the Earth in order to survive, and without it, there would be no life. In order to maintain the environment, governments enact laws and acts that are meant to protect and sustain, but they aren’t always successful. Many large corporations are ignorant of the side effects of not following these laws, due to the fact that they are blinded by materialistic motives such as profit. The environment means little to the greed driven North American corporations of the modern era; their only concerns are the immediate benefits and short term effects. Long term effects are often disregarded and brushed off. These corporations purposely and knowingly break many laws that have been put into place to protect the environment. In order to prevent this lack of obedience and further protect the environment, stricter laws need to be put into place, and one must examine the purpose of breaking protective laws, the specific laws broken, and the effects of breaking the laws. “When a man wantonly destroys one of the works of man we call him a vandal. When he destroys one of the works of god we call him a sportsman.” This quote from Joseph Wood Krutch is an effective example of the injustice that is happening when it comes to the environment...
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...The economic and social consequences of trade agreements have become a major area of research in recent years. Much of this has to do with regional economic integration, where countries in a geographic region, reduce and remove tariff and non-tariff barriers to the free flow of goods, services and production between each other (Hill, 2005). On the 1 January, 1994, such a trade agreement came into affect between America, Mexico and Canada. This was known as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This removed all barriers to the trade of goods and services within the member countries, the protection of intellectual property rights, application of national environmental standards and the establishment of two commissions with power to impose fines and remove trade privileges when such standards are ignored involving the environment, health and safety, wages and child labour (Hill, 2005). There is a belief that agreements designed to promote free trade within regions will benefit trade for all the countries involved, and also the rest of the world (Abbott and Moran, 2002). While regional economic integration, or foreign direct investment, is seen as a good thing, some observers worry that it could lead to a world in which regional trade blocs compete against each other. We are seeing the formation of many trading blocs continuing today as the need for it has become essential for countries and their firms to compete in the global market place (Seid, 2002). Although...
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...will continue to experience rapid development which may result in a diverse array of negative and positive impacts that could significantly influence our society. The advantages and disadvantages of the Alberta oil sands can be analyzed through four key components: political, economic, technological and environmental toxicological perspectives. The cost/benefit profile of the tar sands is evident, and in order to properly address this issue, a plausible and realistic solution must be implemented. Therefore, this will hopefully lead to a decrease in the environmental toxicological and public health impacts associated with the tar sands while preserving socio-economic growth and technological advancement. The political aspect of the oil sands is mainly regulated through the government of Alberta. These legislative members continually promote the expansion of this project as well as advertise its contributions to the economic and technological sector within Canada. The current governmental laws and regulations have been surpassed by the rapid development of the oil sands which has resulted in a severe deficit in environmental and public management. Moreover, their one sided perspectives have disproportionately affected marginalized communities; which has caused an increase in political upheaval. The government of Alberta did not thoroughly consider how the expansion...
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...provided the Arctic with strong regional significance. This global issue of climate change is presenting numerous challenges to Canada and the United States. The Yukon Territory and Alaska, both located in the northwest, are directly experiencing the consequences of this meltdown. The neighboring allies will definitely witness a change in their special relationship while combating this issue of climate change. The three fronts which affect the Canada and U.S. relationship are environmental degradation in Alaska and Yukon, sovereignty and border disputes, and lastly the battle for the natural resources in the Arctic. The two approaches which will facilitate in comprehending and further analyzing these issues are realism and complex interdependence. Realism describes international politics as a struggle for power dominated by organized violence in an anarchic international system. Complex interdependence challenges the realist assumption while synthesizing elements of realism and liberalism. Complex interdependence rejects the realist notion of an anarchic international system, and instead works towards a system of cooperative security, instead of just a balance in power. To deal with the rising concerns in the Arctic, Canada and the United States will most likely resort to cooperation which will then bring forth compromises. This paper argues that the Canada and U.S. relationship in the Arctic is best...
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