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Environmental Engineering

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SINGAPORE
Singapore is located at the southern tip of the Malaysian peninsula and just over 100 km north of the equator. It consists of the island of Singapore and about 60 islets within its territorial waters, covering a total land area of 712.4 sq. km.

Singapore is situated near the equator and has a typically tropical climate, with abundant rainfall, high and uniform temperatures, and high humidity all year round. Many of its climate variables, such as temperature and relative humidity, do not show large month-to-month variation. However, many variables exhibit prominent diurnal (or daily) variations from hour to hour, indicating the strong influence that solar heating has on the local climate. Singapore is one of the world's leading commercial hubs, with the fourth-biggest financial center and one of the five busiest ports. Singapore has developed rapidly from a third world to a first world country in five decades by prioritizing the twin goals of developing a competitive economy and pursuing environmental sustainability. Both are important in order to attract investors and enhance quality of life. Singapore is resource-constrained, and imports most of its food, water and natural resources. As an island city-state, it has its own share of existing environmental challenges, particularly with air quality levels, in part due to regional transboundary haze. Having developed its industrial base and achieved high economic growth in the last four decades, current day Singapore is highly urbanized and industrialized. This has had a major impact on the environment—more pollution and waste generated. The challenge is especially great for Singapore as it is an island city-state with an area of only 704 square kilometers and a population of 4.59 million people. Its population density of over 6,500 persons per square kilometre is the fourth

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