...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Christin Patchin PSY460 - Environmental Psychology Aaron Graczyk August 31, 2015 Introduction Environmental risks are visible to individuals’ everyday of their lives. Steg (2013), “environmental changes, pollution and technologies bear the possibility of harmful and long-lasting consequences for both human and nature” (p.16). With every individual being different from each other what one perceives as a risk might not be a risk to another and how they believe these risks affect them. Hence, the belief of an individual concerning an environmental risk can influence his or her perception of the risk. Risk perceptions are the subjective judgments concerning the risk associated with a certain technology, activity, or event (Steg, 2013). Different aspects in an individual’s life like ethics, morals, and values might influence perceived environmental risk. Environmental risks are also known to affect individuals’ emotionally which can make unwanted stress happen, in regard to the effects of these risks on nature and humans. One of the most talked about environmental risk is global warming; this happens when the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and the oceans gradually increase. These increases are permanent temperature changes to the oceans and atmosphere, which result from vast amounts of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere from the continual use of fossil fuels. Unfortunately, this possesses a risk to the well...
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...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Justin Yates Environmental Psychology June 17, 2014 Gerry Lloyd Environmental Risk Perception Paper As the earth continues to age, there are many harmful and lasting direct consequences that the earth and the human nature have endured. The earth as well as humans has to digest all the pollution, deforestation, changes in the environment, and the epic fails of humans trying to better the human life through technology and many projects ending up in land fields. All of these issues has caused a change in the environmental causing some risk factors. Nevertheless, although the same risks are prevalent to each person, the perception of the risks is as different as the people themselves are. This paper will address some of those issues and risks. This paper will summarize two articles that deal with the subject. This paper will also compare and contrast the risk factors in both articles while identifying the stressors that are related to the environmental risks. To sum up the two articles, one of the most interesting takes on this subject was that of global warming. There are many things that have been accredited to global warming. Many may wonder what exactly is global warming. Global warming is simply when too much carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere and it acts as a shield shielding heat and warm air in the earth (Merriam-Webster, 2014). As humans burns through precious fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal as...
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...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Fredrick B. Lowe PSY/460 June 20, 2016 Susie Ingram Environmental Risk Perception Paper One environmental risk that is taking over now and is getting a lot of press is global warming. I decided to pick this risk because if we do not do something now we will be in a lot of trouble later with this issue. It seems like the world is taking this environmental risk lightly, and I attribute this to the lack of education. I feel that if the world were more educated on this issue it would get the attention that it needs. Global warming has been one of the more commonly discussed environmental issues in the news lately. I picked two articles on this issue with the first article rating global warming as being a high risk and the second article seems to be not much concerned with global warming as being a major issue of the world. The first article focuses on the impact of the tourist transport industry and how this affects the environment along with global warming. The article points out that tourist travel by bus, train, car, plane, etc. and it let us know that traveling from both air and road can burn large quantities of fossil fuels, and also release high levels of pollutants into the atmosphere. The article also talks about how parking and ground level car movement can be harmful to landscapes and the undisturbed nature of protective areas. The article seems to focus more on air and road transport because these the two that are burning...
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...From concern to consumption Influencing the purchase behavior of green consumers ndustrial pollution is widely blamed for many environmental problems. Awareness of such issues has risen dramatically over recent years. As a result, concern for the environment now occupies a prominent place in public consciousness. Most business organizations realize this and fully accept the need to conduct their affairs in a socially responsible manner. Environmental welfare is a major part of this obligation. Compliance is a must. I Opportunity knocks But demand for green solutions also presents firms with a rich source of opportunity. Smart operators will be alert to this. Developing products that benefit rather than harm the environment can prove a highly lucrative exercise. An ability to create such products is not sufficient though. Companies need to get the message across too. Knowledge about product eco-friendliness remains limited among many consumer groups, making it vital that firms and marketers provide information which is accurate and reliable. Anything short of this increases consumer skepticism and damages trust. The prospect of purchase would then seem a million miles away. Is product greenness enough to tempt the consumer? Invariably not. In fact, the environmental performance of their purchase is often way down the list of priorities. People still attach greater merit to such as value for money, quality and performance reliability. Few are prepared to compromise. There’s...
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...The Risk of Living in a Riverside Home Riverside, California is a playground for anthropologists studying risks. Being centered next to three major highways makes Riverside a corridor for freight businesses and poses as a convenient location for many other companies. Thinking about risks in Riverside led me to research the risks prevalent in low income homes and neighborhoods in Riverside. These neighborhoods are located toward the city center and/or near industrial zones. Low income properties provide sufficient risk analysis due to their age and condition which generally leads to neglect of the property. This can be contrasted against newer, higher income homes which are placed in areas secluded from the city center and away from industrial sites. Another reason why I chose to study low income homes and neighborhoods was due to the many risks that affect them outside of their vicinity. Pollution, social inequalities, traffic, and crime are examples of some environmental effects on these areas that contribute to them being labeled as “risky”. Exposing environmental and structural risks of low income areas can help explain disparities in society today. Incorporating books such as Flammable and Risk as well as other articles pertaining to risk, I attempt to enforce the idea of how the social construct of risk influences and upholds life in these homes and neighborhoods. Following social implications, I propose certain alternative methods of managing these risks. As a society,...
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...Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions. Meanings There are two slightly different meanings of safety. For example, home safety may indicate a building's ability to protect against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants. Discussions of safety often include mention of related terms. Security is such a term. With time the definitions between these two have often become interchanged, equated, and frequently appear juxtaposed in the same sentence. Readers unfortunately are left to conclude whether they comprise a redundancy. This confuses the uniqueness that should be reserved for each by itself. When seen as unique, as we intend here, each term will assume its rightful place in influencing and being influenced by the other. Safety is the condition of...
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...Department of Communication, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea c Department of Information Sociology, Soongsil University, Republic of Korea b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t It is easy to trace and compile a record of individuals’ online activities, and cases of online privacy infringement (i.e., improper use of personal information) have been reported in advanced societies. Based on existing risk perception research, this study examines comparative optimism regarding online privacy infringement (i.e., users tend to believe privacy infringement is less likely to happen to oneself than to others) and its antecedents and consequences. Relying on large-scale online survey data in South Korea (N = 2028), this study finds: (1) comparative optimism is higher when the comparison targets are younger; (2) online knowledge and maternalistic personality traits increase comparative optimism mainly by influencing perceived risk to others, while prior experience of privacy infringement increases comparative optimism mainly by influencing perceived personal risk; and (3) comparative optimism is related to both greater adoption of privacy-protective behaviors and a higher level of support for government policies to restrict the use of online information. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings, along with potential limitations, are discussed. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article history: Available online 29 October 2013 Keywords:...
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...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Environmental structure, such as technology as well as pollutions have the ability to hurt individuals within society and could possibly have a long term effect on peoples as well as the environments that peoples is expose to. If an individual were to ask the question as well as view these different risks, it could be an important way of coming up with answers on different environments risks. The way different individuals perceive could oppose as well as prompt a response to deal with certain risks. To understand the meaning of risk is when a situation and problem as well as activities that could have an unpredictable outcome impacting an issue that different individual within society may value. Both of these important components related to risk would be the critical and uncertainties with an unfortunate outcome. Compare and contrast According to the article, “Environmental issues have surface as hazardous by-products of technological advances in today’s times. Some of these environmental issues take on different forms, which exhibit different degrees of understanding, publicity, complexity, as a well as solutions. Political debate and public awareness have recently risen to higher levels about one of the environmental issues which are the most threatening forms: climate change. According to the UN Climate Change Secretariat (2002), ‘‘there has been an increasing scientific evidence of human have been the one that have interfere with the...
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...is worth 10 points 1. Define the following terms a. Risk – the probability of a negative/harmful effect from a hazard or hazardous situation or the potential for the recognition of undesirable adverse consequences from future events. b. Risk Assessment – an examination and determination of the kind and magnitude of a hazard caused by an agent, where a particular group of receptors have been or may be exposed to the agent, and the present or potential future health risk that exists due to the agent. It is the combination of exposure assessment, health, and environmental effect data to estimate risks to human or environmental target organisms that may result from exposure to various hazardous substances. c. Risk Management – The process and procedures executed to mitigate or eliminate risk that has been discovered by a risk assessment. Measures or actions are taken to ensure that the level of risk to human health and/or the environmental do not exceed a prescribed risk level. Risk management focuses on decisions about whether a risk is sufficiently high to present public concern, the appropriate means for controlling the risks, and how to effectively use resources. 2. Define the following terms: d. RfD – Reference dose is an estimation of the daily oral exposure to a non-carcinogenic substance for the general human population that is likely to be without considerable risk of harmful effects during a lifetime. RfD establishes the maximum...
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...most serious environmental problem facing humanity today, raising many questions that are fundamentally normative and ethical in their basis. An increasing body of research highlights that, although everyone is susceptible to the effects of climate change, such effects will be experienced unevenly, with the most vulnerable people in the most deprived communities bearing the most of damaging of the effects of climate change, (Smith, 2006). It must be recognised that the experiences and concerns of the people who are themselves living in poverty must be taken into account. This is especially of concern given that deprived groups and individuals will experience the most difficulty in coping with market based responses to climate change. This research will seek to address the current gap in our understanding of the relations between climate change and the experience of living in poverty in Ireland. Aims and Objectives The aim of this research essentially is to try and gain a broader understanding of how climate change is affecting those living in less than acceptable standards in Ireland. This research will attempt to: 1) Document the major climate change concerns that emerge for people experiencing poverty in Ireland; what are key economic, social and political concerns related to climate change that arise for people experiencing poverty? 2) Examine how these concerns are influenced by perceived risk: To what extent do individuals identify themselves as at risk to climate change...
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...Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 445–459 Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications Irene Lorenzonia,b,������, Sophie Nicholson-Coleb, Lorraine Whitmarshb a School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK b Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received 25 August 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 17 January 2007 Abstract This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual’s state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate...
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...Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Hector Sierra University of Phoenix Law 531 Businesses deal with tort liability and management in the day to day operations. Minimizing tort liability is a key factor in operating a successful business. Alumina Inc., has developed a plan to prevent, identify and implement corrective measures for handling tort liabilities. Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Alumina Inc. is a $4bn U.S. based international aluminum company with eight locations worldwide. Alumina Inc. falls under certain government regulatory agencies and laws such as The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and CERCLA. Alumina Inc. was reported to be in violation of environmental discharge five years ago. Even though Alumina Inc. corrected the violation, Alumina Inc. still faces a possible bad reputation because of this incident. Alumina Inc. has had a good record ever since that incident was corrected. A local resident of the community named Kathy Bates has accused the company of repeatedly contaminating the waters of Lake Dira before. Kathy Bates has now filed a complaint against Alumina Inc. in regards to suspicion that her daughter contracted leukemia due to the consumption of contaminated water. This complaint calls for an investigation of the company’s practices with regard to the Clean Water Act of 1972. However, traffic is causing water pollution in Lake Dira as well. Increased...
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...customers want to understand how companies are taking environmentally responsible actions. Sunfun Company Sunfun (name has been changed) is a global provider of renewable energy solutions. It has two distinct lines of business. One is as a manufacturer of solar panels. The other is as an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) company to build utility scale, ground mounted solar power generating plants. From its website (sunfun.com), its mission statement “is to create enduring value by enabling a world powered by clean, affordable solar electricity.” Its value proposition is to “offer an eco-efficient energy solution that provides more solar electricity, at a lower cost, and with the smallest environment impacts per kWh.” Environmental Considerations and Recommendations As a renewable energy company Sunfun has an obligation and financial incentive to operate in an environmentally responsible and proactive manner. Customers want to do business with companies that they believe exercise good responsibility of their resources. Investors are looking for more than revenues and profitability; they expect companies to act in a sustainable manner for the long-term. A survey report by the Reputation Institute determined that a customer’s desire to buy is driven more by...
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...The Effect of Diabetes on the Native American Community Diabetes has been rapidly growing in the Native American community for the past several years now. Traditions and economics are factors in the rise of diabetic cases in Native Americans. Other factors include traditional food consumption, traditional patterns of physical activity, and environmental changes. A contributory factor that is often times not mentioned has to do with tribal perception and beliefs about diabetes in the Native communities across America. Traditional food consumption has changed and become one of the major reasons that American Indians are diabetic. During the pre-reservation era, the type of food that was consumed was wild game like buffalo, elk, rabbit, snake, and fish. Traditional foods the Natives eat are far different from modern food today. Many Native Americans consumed a diet that is highly processed today after moving to the reservations. According to McLaughlin “The food they get from the government are higher is saturated fat, higher in sodium, added sugars and cholesterol”. These foods have little or no nutrients or vitamins in them therefore causing the Natives to become diabetic. McLaughlin also states that “Due to limited finances, lack of transportation, and other factors cause tribal members have limited access to healthier foods.” “The reservations have convenient stores with limited amounts of fresh foods that are usually expensive.” This modern type diet has made 62% of Native...
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...Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal Corporate social reporting and reputation risk management Jan Bebbington Carlos Larrinaga Jose M. Moneva Article information: Downloaded by University of Strathclyde At 07:57 17 October 2014 (PT) To cite this document: Jan Bebbington Carlos Larrinaga Jose M. Moneva, (2008),"Corporate social reporting and reputation risk management", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 21 Iss 3 pp. 337 - 361 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570810863932 Downloaded on: 17 October 2014, At: 07:57 (PT) References: this document contains references to 70 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 10839 times since 2008* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Jeffrey Unerman, (2008),"Strategic reputation risk management and corporate social responsibility reporting", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 21 Iss 3 pp. 362-364 Carol A. Adams, (2008),"A commentary on: corporate social responsibility reporting and reputation risk management", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 21 Iss 3 pp. 365-370 Pekka Aula, (2010),"Social media, reputation risk and ambient publicity management", Strategy & Leadership, Vol. 38 Iss 6 pp. 43-49 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 117974 [] For Authors If you would like to...
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