...fifty-five delegates were chosen to amend the articles of confederation. The two major conflicts of the Philadelphia Convention were how each state was to be represented in congress, and how slaves were to be counted towards representation in the House of Representatives. The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan both presented very different ways of representation. The Virginia Plan proposed that representation be based on population, for a more proportional vote, but the New Jersey Plan proposed that each state has one vote, for a more equal vote. In order to resolve this issue of representation, a new plan was accepted that called for a congress of two houses: in the upper house, or Senate, representation of the states would be equal, with each state having two senators; in the lower house, or House of Representatives, representation would be apportioned according to population of each state, so the states with more people would get more representatives. This was known as the Great Compromise. Now that representation in the house was based on population, a new issue arose. How slaves should be counted towards representation. The South wanted to include slaves in order to get more...
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...worked long hours, they weren’t properly fed by some, didn’t get enough rest, and weren’t treated fairly as a human being. At a young age, Thomas Jefferson took the honorable but challenging task of drafting the Declaration of Independence. This was around the time when the American colonies had conflicts with their British colonies. The Declaration of Independence states some of the grievances that the American colonies had against the British. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”(Declaration of Independence), the second sentence of the Declaration, was the most important statement that was argued before, during, and after the Declaration. The contradiction between the claim that “all men are created equal”(Declaration) and the existence of slavery attracted many opposing arguments about slavery and how slavery goes into consideration...
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...The arguments against Senate reform may be attributed to the fact that the plan for how to properly reform the Senate has yet to be proposed. It appears that a ten-year term would be the ideal length of appointment for senators as it is the means of both Stephen Harper’s and Micheal Ignatieff’s formally proposed length’s for a change in this subject in 2006 and should thus satisfy both the Conservative and Liberal parties. The final and most important component of reforming the Senate involves the determination of how senators should come to office. Having an elected Senate similar to the American model is the right option for Canada. If Canada attempts to improve the Senate through reformation, it would simply be counterproductive to maintain its undemocratic appointment policy. Achieving democracy within the Senate through an elected selection process is the only way that Canada can ensure that its Senate is accurately carrying out its roles and responsibilities with respect to the representation of the Canadian...
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...entitled How Democratic Is the American Constitution (2001), goes beyond discussing the relatively common pattern of constitutional amendment by arguing that major changes may be necessary to rescue the Constitution from its long-standing defects. Reviewing Dahl’s work through the essay “Framed Up: What the Constitution Gets Wrong,” author Hendrik Hertzberg traces the undesirable historical and political implications of the structure and content of the Constitution. Affirming Dahl’s position, Hertzberg suggests that the U.S. Constitution is a historically imperfect document with certain loopholes in its language, provisions, and direction, which allow undemocratic structures/processes and inefficiencies in government. While Hertzberg’s direct arguments are generally persuasive, the implicit suggestions of his views regarding the flaws and less favourable implications of the U.S. Constitution provide stronger support for introducing major changes into this document. As suggested earlier, it not difficult to agree with Hertzberg’s assumptions that the U.S. Constitution needs to be overhauled. Hertzberg identifies a historical ground for justifying substantial changes to the Constitution: individual Amendments were inadequate in defining the tasks and limitations of the judiciary that, in turn, may work against the interests of the minority. The author notes that although issues such as institutionalized slavery and right to suffrage were already addressed by constitutional amendments...
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...represent every perspective and to provide well-researched and accurate information to create an educated and involved society. Media’s representations impact our society’s perception and shared reality. The way media represents a certain topic creates a public perception. Because of media framing, they can show us certain sides of an issue or shine a light on one perspective while effectively dimming the light on another. Because of this, we create perceptions based off of information that may not be whole. With these perceptions, we begin to construct a social reality. Once this reality is created, it is difficult to change it even if we find contradicting information. Because of these reasons, the way media represents information is crucial. The issue that will be discussed in this paper is that of gay marriage, stereotypes of homosexuals, and the scientific side of homosexuality. The way media has represented this topic over the past 30 years has varied immensely. We’ve come a long way over the past couple decades and homosexuality is now widely discussed in all forms of media including news, television, advertisements, movies, books, magazines and politics. It is important to close the gaps between the perception, the reality, and the representation of the way media portrays homosexuality. Identifying differences between the representations of homosexuality decades ago compared with now will provide necessary information to form an educated and well-rounded opinion on this...
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...the states for ratification in late 1777. For those that signed the document, their delegates agreed to the form of government that is called The Article of Confederation, which means that they agreed to be committed permanently to the union of the states, which is now called the United States. Some of the major issues debated at the convention are slavery and the representation of the congress. The...
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...and Trautner’s article, ‘Equal Opportunity Objectification? The Sexualization of Men and Women on the Cover of Rolling Stone’ (2011) examines and analyzes the changes on how the male and the female are sexually represented. This review will critically look at the arguments of the authors and the research discipline. Also, it will examine the previous literature related to the research topic. Further, the paper will examine the methodology used by the authors to analyses the study. Finally, it will discuss its findings and the contribution of the research to the study field. The study by Hatton and Trautner is an interdisciplinary study about sexuality and gender as well as the media. The above disciplines deals with the representation of sexuality and gender in the media. Also, it looks at how other issues regarding gender and sexuality affect individuals’ and the society. By examination of Braithwaite et al. (2015), it is evident that pornography influences friends and the society. Also, Hall, West and Hill (2012) shows implication of song lyrics on sexuality educators. The authors of the article have several...
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...presidents have been elected and this scenario has only happened three times, it still leads to scrutiny, questions, and arguments about the effectiveness of the Electoral College. These disputes have gone on for quite a while as to which method of choosing the president is the best option. The electoral...
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...two representatives, thereby satisfying the small states' demand for equal representation. In the House of Representatives, the larger states were favored by basing representation on population; each state was first allowed one representative for every 40,000 inhabitants, later changed to one representative for every 30,000 inhabitants....
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...Mary Erbeck Professor Joan Robinson ENG 102: Composition II March 21, 2015 Remember Our Power Feminist Gloria Steinem cofounded and became editor of Ms. Magazine to which she published her article “Wonder Woman.” In her article, Steinem wrote about Wonder Woman’s background and life along with the representation of women in comic books and how these different depictions can influence and inspire predominately younger audiences regardless of gender. Steinem’s style is focused mainly on logos to relay a clear image of Wonder Woman as a character and her impact on readers. She ultimately wanted to inform the reader of the importance of Wonder Woman’s effect on youth in a platform largely directed by the patriarchy and she made a compelling case with a strong, justified logos and clear ethos. Steinem first wrote about her youth as a comic book reader and how comic books were the easily accessible and cheap building blocks to her reading comprehension along with “cereal boxes and ketchup labels” (Steinem). She discussed the psychology behind the need for superheroes in children’s mindsets as a way to better cope with reality and express their individualism but with every superhero being a man young women, like Steinem, had to project their consciousness into male characters suppressing their womanhood to only being a damsel in distress. Steinem wrote that Wonder Woman “rescued” her at the age of seven from the “weak, bosomy, blonde heroines” (Steinem) with her strength, wisdom...
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...Compulsory Voting? Not so Fast A critical review of political scholarship regarding compulsory voting Word Count: 1644 Compulsory voting has been a hotly debated topic in the political realm over the past few decades, with supporters on both sides bringing up a wide variety of arguments and beliefs for support. The proposed idea of compulsory voting is the idea that would make voting in a democratic parliamentary election mandatory for all citizens who meet the age requirement; failure to do so will result in a form of minor punishment such as a small fine. The theory behind compulsory voting is that it will increase participation in parliamentary election, thus creating a more legitimate representative democratic system. Current major democratic countries that currently employ an enforced compulsory voting system include Australia, Argentina, and Brazil. This paper will argue that voting should not be made compulsory in Canada, on the principles that there is no proof that increasing voter turnout will legitimize our representational democracy, and that we have the right to abstention. I will prove this argument by examining the political scholarship produced by Sara Birch, Justine Lacroix, and Annabelle Lever. The first academic journal I will be examining will be that of Sara Birch in her 2009 paper The Case for Compulsory Voting. In this paper, Birch is advocating that all democratic countries should implement a compulsory voting system. Birch’s primary point...
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...Short Essay 4 Angelology and Satanology Kati Bowlin Theo 201-D27 Religious dualism is the belief that teaches that the world consists of two basic forces; good and evil. God is viewed as the representation of good, Satan is the representation of evil. This belief is widespread and the majority of people would probably say that this is just the way things are. The eternal battle between God and Satan is constantly portrayed in movies and television as two equal forces battling over the souls of man. Satan is viewed as a fallen angel carrying a big hatchet against God. On the flipside, God is seen as the control freak who just sends His angels to do whatever He needs done. While this view can make a good movie, it’s contrary to what the Bible teaches. Unlike what pop culture would have us believe, God and Satan are not equal in their power and the battle between good and evil was won a long time ago. The Bible teaches that Satan is a created being. He was originally created as one of God’s angels, possessing all of the attributes of an angel, the power of personality and the freedom of choice. He let his pride get in the way of reason and he convinced himself that he was worthy of God’s throne and glory. He also failed to believe that if he committed a sin that God would punish him. He rebelled and God punished him by casting him out of heaven along with the angels who rebelled with him. In Isaiah 14:12-17, we are given some insight into the fall of Satan and his subsequent...
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...Rodney King beating. The evidence was visible, but the verdict was not guilty. This paper includes how and if ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings and judicial practices, arguments against ethnicity-based jury nullification, contemporary examples of ethnicity based-jury nullification, and by choosing a position for or against ethnicity-based jury nullification. Ethnicity Influences and Judicial Practices There have been plenty of attempts to advance equal justice in the United States (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). In the criminal justice administration disparity still remains a concern. Criminal justice research on sentencing has found disparity based on defendant characteristics as gender, race, and class. There have been two changes by many individuals to secure equal justice in the court system. Implementations of sentencing guidelines, reduce bias, and increased racial and ethnic group representation among arbiters of justice (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). This may diversify the pool of explicit and implicit bias that will reduce White advantages. Racial and ethnic composition of law enforcement and legal authorities has changed in selected jurisdictions (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). Many people expected this progress toward equal representation among legal authorities...
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...protected under the law. o Representation- The first issue discussed was how to set up the new Congress so that all states have an equal voice. New Jersey Plan- The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state’s population. Virginia Plan- The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each state in Congress in proportion to that state’s share of the U.S. population. • It is obvious to...
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...all nations, not just Great Britain. The Trade and Navigation Acts restricted free trade with all nations which went against Paine’s beliefs. Paine was anti-mercantilist, and did not believe government should have a strong role in regards to trade. Paine did believe that the colonies should have representation in the Parliament. Paine wrote the CS which influenced many people to fight for their independence and fight for their representation in the Parliament. In CS, Paine fights for American independence. In his argument, Paine began by comparing both government and society and gave his opinions and views on both. According to Paine, society is everything constructive that people join together to accomplish. Whereas government, is an institution whose only purpose is to protect us from our own misconduct. Paine believed that the people would be much happier if they were responsible for their own creation laws and rules. Paine argued that this type of system of representation would benefit the American colonists. He wanted a...
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