...After the prosperous Roarin’ 20s, America went through a deplorable era of unemployment, food shortages, and debt. But once FDR got elected, he implemented his New Deal programs to help America get back on track. FDR’s New Deal stopped America’s economic downfall, relieved hundreds of Americans, reformed many policies, and consequently expanded government power. FDR sought to respond to the banking system during his First 100 Days. Banks essentially gave everyone loans and didn't care if they didn't get paid. When this was going on, banks were giving out people's loans to other people and not getting those loans back. This is called bank runs. This resulted in your money being lost. He created the Emergency Banking Act that shut down banks...
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...HRM as profession (1911-1914) 20th century witnessed severe labor unrest due to the employment-at-will doctrine and yellow-dog contracts that allowed employers to fire employees at will. Quality of Work life Era (1960s-1990s) HR as an asset and not a liability Prevalence of Labor unions became significant and the personnel department was used to resolve wage-related issues and other differences between the union and management. The personnel manager was responsible for employee attendance, labor-dispute management and general compliances of employee health and safety requirements. Recruitment section of the personnel department dealt mainly with selecting labor employees, along with a few salaried professionals. The Personal Management (1935-1970) Prevalence of Labor unions became significant and the personnel department was used to resolve wage-related issues and other differences between the union and management. The personnel manager was responsible for employee attendance, labor-dispute management and general compliances of employee health and safety requirements. Organizations set up management teams to handle various facets of business. Personnel department’s role evolved to primarily compliance and employee health and safety concerns. At this time, training and development took precedence in businesses, and the human resource department was created to address the need. Pre Industrial Era (1400-1700) Absence of any formal HRM function in organizations ...
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...expansion of executive power during periods of crisis. Many factors contributed to the better economy, and even minimum wages increased to 75 cents because of one of Truman’s Fair Deal that Congress passed. Although with the good times, there came the bad. There was a lot of labor unrest during this period. After WWII, rising inflation triggered the labor unrest. A wave of U.S industrial strikes at the end of WWII contributed to President’s Truman’s attempt to place strict limits on striking labor unions when national interests were at stake. A miner’s strike also took place, which was ended by President Truman by ordering the government seizure of the mines while pressuring owners to grant most union demands. Labor leaders strongly rejected the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 because the act favored big business interests over union interests. Delinquency was also a problem. Concerns about juvenile delinquency and failing educational systems surfaced during these years. Topping the list of juvenile crimes was car theft, which was something that needed to be changed. Other countries also had an impact on the U.S. With vision of more business, some businesses expanded overseas to benefit from the cheap labor pool. The U.S was in urgent need for agricultural laborers, so the Bracero Program was formed by the federal government. By the 1950’s, the largest source of agricultural workers in California were immigrants from Mexico. Truman decided to end racial segregation in the military...
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...such topic and period of time is the Reconstruction Era and the following decades leading up to the Industrialization of America. As with any other period in history, there are different ways to view this specific span of time. Interpreting this period of one as social unjust and injustice is one option. Conversely, it can be distinguished for significant progress in various aspects and the overall prosperity that came as a result of industrialization. Focusing on one method or the other may better guide in understanding this period. For starters, both of these components were clearly present in this duration...
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...1790 to 1860 Most of the historians and papers look at the United States after the Civil War in order to trace the impetus for economic growth, people imagine the Civil War as a major force to unite and to move forward to an economic expansion. But, in reality, the important era of the economic development was prior 1790 to 1860 or the era prior to the Civil War. The western expansion provided with natural resources to stabilize and fuel the industrial growth. The strictures, which were existed in the theocracy of New England, were extinguished by 1790 ("APUSH-Wiki-Marlborough-School - Life in the North from 1790 - 1860", 2016). North was not an agrarian economy , as less and less land available in those years more sons opted out of the forms and moved to the seaport cities which were then populated by the young generation of males working their ways out. American food was in high demand in the world. These export demands strengthen the industries, especially in the seaport cities. Wage labor was in high demand as the large scale manufacturing needed labor force. The first factory was built I n1791 but the industry as a whole was slow to spread in the U.S. owing to several reasons. Firstly, labor was not available to support the immediate wide scale expansion of the industry. The Government was not supportive in the industrial expansion and a tough competition with the foreign industries were hindering the industrialization. As many of the American products were under...
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...The United States of America. A name that is synonymous with rich history which is not always pleasant, triumph, losses, and power. Throughout history, there have been many different eras which included changes and wars for the common good of the land. Although some were unnecessary, others were necessary in order to bring the country together to what it is today. Of course, with these came political struggles to ensure a fair and successful system. With these struggles come economic factors as well as how it shapes the social structures of each state. The Civil War had the greatest impact of all. This was the deadliest time of all with many lives lost. The root of the conflict was slavery. The South depended greatly on slavery. According to Mcgraw “…a planter could expect one of his slaves to produce more than $78 worth of cotton- which meant that about 60 percent of the wealth produced by a slave’s labor was clear profit.” Needless to say, the work was hard and long and slaves were subjected to inhumane conditions and treatment at times. The Civil War put an end to slavery, destroying the aristocratic South. With the thirteenth amendment being passed in 1864 abolishing slavery, these slaves were integrated into society as free men. This essentially set the South into a state of poverty as plantations were brought to ruin due to lack of slaves and hands to do the work. This led to the government having to offer federal aid and assistance to rebuild even to this...
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...Satisfaction of Ready Made Garment (RMG) Workers in Bangladesh? An Alternative Solution to Recent Unrest Background of the study Ready Made Garment (RMG) is one of the successful manufacturing sectors with greater contribution to the national economy of Bangladesh. The industry started its journey in late 1970s and enjoyed a rapid rise from 30 enterprises in 1980 increased to more than 5000 in 2014. Average growth rate of this sector was over 20% per over the last two decades. RMG is the main source of export for the last 25 years. This single sector alone earns about 80% of yearly foreign exchange of the country. Its contribution to GDP reaches 13% in fiscal year 2009-2010. This sector employs more than 3 billion people in Bangladesh of whom 90% are women from rural family. Thus this sector is playing a vital role in socioeconomic development of the country. But this sector is struggling with a number of problems. Conflict between owners and workers, labor unrest, shortage of gas and electricity, poor infrastructure, poor port facility, conspiracy of home and abroad are posing a great threat to its survival. In recent time, labor unrest in the RMG sector has been a matter of serious concern. Almost every day electronic and print media cover news of labor unrest in RMG sector in one place or another across the country. Job dissatisfaction have been the prime causes of recent labor unrests across the country. This job dissatisfaction of RMG workers resulted from improper work practices...
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...Sean Collin Geography 101 Essay # 2 There are over 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the wealth of natural resources and the prevalence of wealth in the northern segments of Africa have led many to speculate about the equity and economic development in the sub-Sahara. Unfortunately, the progression of economic, political and social factors in this region have done little to improve the overall conditions, and have instead demonstrated a consistent bias towards the government and the social elites that has impacted the chances of successful development in the region. Since the end of World War II, changes in the infrastructure, the political forces, and in the capacity for collective action in many of these countries has underscored what some have described as the “Africa crisis” (Stryker, 1986). One of the major issues that still remain in this region is the history of development in the sub-Sahara, generally traced back to the history of British rule, and the relinquishing of colonial control which led to greater regionalization. But there was little in place in terms of expansion planning or economic development in the period following the end of the Second World War, and it can be argued that the struggle for economic development is linked to existing and maintained inequities, based both on social conditioning and political control, that has weakened the agrarian force and impacted the development of industrialization. “During the 1980s, when many countries...
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...War II-era poster of a female factory worker in a red bandana and a blue work shirt, her sleeves rolled up and her fist held high. This image has been widely associated with “Rosie the Riveter,” a fictional persona that represented (and encouraged) American women who joined the war effort by temporarily entering the paid workforce. Accordingly, it’s become a feminist icon, a symbol of women’s empowerment and solidarity. The poster is so recognizable today that it’s often parodied or appropriated for everything from campaigns to improve women’s lives to marketing for cleaning products. You can even buy a “Rosie the Riveter” action figure, complete with “We Can Do It!” emblazoned on the packaging. One retailer, giftapolis.com, enthuses, “Rosie the Riveter is no ordinary gal! Her image was used to promote the Women Ordinance Workers (WOWs) during World War II. Her confident declaration… inspired millions of women to drop their brooms and pick up rivet guns and wrenches.” However, in their 2006 Rhetoric & Public Affairs article, “Visual Rhetoric Representing Rosie the Riveter: Myth and Misconception in J. Howard Miller’s ‘We Can Do It!’ Poster,” communications scholars James Kimble and Lester Olson argue that the image was never used in any such way. The idea that the poster was an inspirational call to other women is the result of reading history through the lens of our current assumptions about gender and politics. In fact, the real story of the poster is about labor relations...
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...craftsmen in the 17th century who were paid to perform manufacturing tasks in homes. All the traditional production of crafts was based on the master artisans who always worked together on contractual jobs. The artisans worked with journeymen and apprentice to ensure that they served the masters well. However, the nineteenth century led to increased industrial revolution that tended to bring an end to traditional forms of production to the modern factories. The artisanal work was hard work, but a lot was lost through the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to decrease in labor costs significantly causing the decline in the artisanal system. It was seen and thought to be a framework to embrace innovation and to leave the traditional methods. The workers were adversely affected by the revolutionized industry as the male-dominated trades were streamed down to the children and women. Labor movements were experienced in most parts of the cities leading to leaps of population and wealth. It is during this period that the artisans, as well as other skilled laborers, were paid higher than all the unskilled workers. The artisans owned modest homes with servant quarters. The proficiency of the artisans led to them being considered marketable assets especially due to their tools. The older regimes offered a platform for the artisans to become eventually masters in their field of expertise and this was considered a threat to the revolution. As such, the American system...
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...craftsmen in the 17th century who were paid to perform manufacturing tasks in homes. All the traditional production of crafts was based on the master artisans who always worked together on contractual jobs. The artisans worked with journeymen and apprentice to ensure that they served the masters well. However, the nineteenth century led to increased industrial revolution that tended to bring an end to traditional forms of production to the modern factories. The artisanal work was hard work, but a lot was lost through the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to decrease in labor costs significantly causing the decline in the artisanal system. It was seen and thought to be a framework to embrace innovation and to leave the traditional methods. The workers were adversely affected by the revolutionized industry as the male-dominated trades were streamed down to the children and women. Labor movements were experienced in most parts of the cities leading to leaps of population and wealth. It is during this period that the artisans, as well as other skilled laborers, were paid higher than all the unskilled workers. The artisans owned modest homes with servant quarters. The proficiency of the artisans led to them being considered marketable assets especially due to their tools. The older regimes offered a platform for the artisans to become eventually masters in their field of expertise and this was considered a threat to the revolution. As such, the American system...
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...too little attention to demographic trends, as conventional wisdom holds that rapid population growth inhibits improvement in living standards. This short monograph by three authors associated with Harvard's School of Public Health attempts to clarify the complexities of demographic change and economic growth. Modern societies have typically passed through a demographic transition in which the labor force grows more rapidly than total population because a decline in mortality precedes a decline in fertility. In the right policy environment -- one conducive to education and to saving -- this transition creates the potential for exceptionally rapid economic growth, as has been experienced in recent decades by Ireland and by several East Asian countries. The authors draw attention to this opportunity for many developing countries over the next 20 years, urging these countries to take advantage of the situation. Similarly, rich countries need to prepare for significant aging of their populations and, in some cases, for shrinking labor forces -- an altogether new experience in the modern era. Related Review Essay, May/June 2012 India's Broken Promise Basharat Peer Indian elites are cheering their country’s newfound status and influence. But two recent books reveal the ugly underbelly of India’s success story. A vast gulf has opened up between the rich and the poor, corruption suffuses every aspect of life, and the country’s political leaders lack the vision needed to turn this...
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...The period in America from 1865 to 1900 was known as the Gilded Age. This was a time for big business, industry, new inventions, and urban growth. With these new ideas and concepts came many problems. A few of these issues were political scandals, overpopulation in cities, monopolies, and bad working conditions. In summary, there were good and bad parts to the Gilded Age; however, it led to a new, modern era in America. During the Civil War, factories were working overtime to churn out supplies for the soldiers. Since the South was mainly a farming community, the North had a huge advantage, and eventually won the war. Troops were put in the South to enforce the new amendments added to to the Constitution. This included the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments that freed slaves, gave them the rights granted with citizenship, and the right to vote. The backlash of the Civil War led to industrialism....
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...Shift To The Progressive Era Following the Civil War, the mid-19th century brought a second industrial revolution. Many technological advances took place during this time, which gave way towards the beginning of the Gilded Age. Although the Gilded Age brought great economic improvement, many suffered. The economic development that this era brought to America was very appealing to immigrants, and America experienced a large influx of European immigrants towards the latter part of the 1800’s. Despite the technological and economic improvements of the Gilded Age, only a small percentage of the population in America reaped the benefits of this. Living and working conditions were abysmal, and tensions rose within the large, yet poverty ridden middle...
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...Jails and Prisons Matthew Holbrook May 28, 2015 University of Phoenix CJA/234 Brenda Barney Jails and Prisons The criminal justice system is made up of three components which are police, courts, and corrections. Corrections are potentially the largest cog in this machine by volume of employees. Corrections are also often considered the most important, because the other two would have nowhere to send offenders if it were not for the correctional sector. The largest portion of corrections can be seen in the operation of jails and prisons in the United States. These two separate entities, which are often confused by the layman, do share similarities, but along with these similarities also come key differences. In order to understand and appreciate the broad level of care that these types of facilities provide, it is paramount to explore their histories, their differences, and common issues that are faced within them. Jails have the longest history of any other penal institution. They have typically served, and still do to this day, as an area where the accused go to trial and the minor criminals serve their time. Early jails in the United States were fairly direct copies of gaols, which were used to detain individuals awaiting either trial or punishment. This was combined fairly early on with the concept of punishing minor criminals as well. Shortly after their introduction, jails experienced reforms at the hands of the figures that sought to remove unsanitary and inhumane...
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