...* Essays * Research Papers * Coursework * Thesis * Dissertations * Term Papers * UK Essays ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Count of pages: Number of words: Choose your academic level: Term: Discount Code (optional): Discount: 0% Price: $0 Bottom of Form The page includes: Essay Paper on Economics Essay Paper on Economics Social polarization grows as the poor become worse off, but as the wealthy become better off. One of the reasons for that is the shocking fact that the poor often pay more taxes, relatively, than do the rich. In Britain, for example, “the tax burden of the top fifth of earners has fallen from 37 percent to 35 percent in the last twenty years. In contrast, the tax burden of the bottom fifth has risen from 31 percent to 38 percent.” The other reason for social inequality nationally is imperfect income distribution. Thus, whereas 23.5 percent of all American workers received only poverty level wages in 1973, this had risen to 28.6 percent by 1997. Looked at another way, real wages for relatively low-paid workers fell by 22 percent between 1973 and 1995, and 10 percent for middle-range workers. Low-paid jobs grew by 22 percent in New York City between 1993 and 2000—four times as fast as jobs paying at least $25,000. From 1979 to 1995, 80 percent of jobs created were low-wage...
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...this siteTop of Form 1 Bottom of Form 1 Linked From Here || The Web || Tuesday, April 13, 2010 Essay on Child Labor Essay on Child Labor Instead of aiming at abolishing child labor, should policy makers look for alternative approaches. Parents feel compelled to send their children to work as a means of survival. Although not immediately apparent, a simple ban on child labor does not prove effective in ridding of it. Therefore, integrative efforts should be made in conjunction with eliminating child labor. Instead of waiting for the natural economic growth to slowly remove child labor, the government and policy makers may intervene by offering incentives. Integrative policies include improved schooling, trade union involvement, school meals, and income subsidies. To find alternative means of addressing child labor where it prevails on a larger scale after establishing it as the perpetrator of such maladies as reduced adult wages, adult unemployment, and negative impact on human capital. Child Labor is a prevalent problem throughout the world especially in developing countries. Children work for a variety of reasons, the most important being poverty and the induced pressure upon them to escape from this plight. Though children are not well paid, they still serve as major contributors to family income in developing countries. Our Service Can Write a Custom Essay on Child Labor for You![->1] Schooling problems also contribute to child labor, whether it be the inaccessibility...
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...Title: Write an essay which uses a variety of sources to analyse the main causes of unemployment. Identify strategies that governments can use to reduce each of these causes. Assess which of these strategies might be most useful in reducing unemployment. Governments often regard reducing unemployment as one of the main economic objectives. Unemployment is the existence that there is labour force able and willing to work but is unable to be employed (Bannock, Baxter, 2011). It tends to follow a cyclical pattern. In the early 1990s, the unemployment began to rise as economies around the world went into recession. On the other hand, in the mid-1990s, unemployment fell as the world was in the period of expansion. The UK is now in a very low level of unemployment. The causes of unemployment can be categorized into equilibrium unemployment and disequilibrium unemployment. It can be classical, cyclical, frictional and structural. This essay will first describe the main causes of unemployment. Then, it will survey the possible policies that can be adopted by the government to reduce these causes. Finally, it will evaluate the most useful policy. Disequilibrium unemployment is the condition that the supply of labour exceeds the demand of labour and the wages remain relatively unchanged (Gillespie, 2011). Classical (real wage) unemployment and cyclical (demand-deficient) unemployment are two possible causes of disequilibrium unemployment. Classical or real wage unemployment will happen...
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...labour in Malaysia labour market no matter is legally or illegally borne no doubt giving employer free in bringing foreign labour. It is upon employers’ choice to employ either local or foreign labours. However, some employers highly demanding on foreign workers in times of labour shortage, rather than raising wages and improving working conditions to attract local labours. In such way doing so, employers are strike in good position by minimum wage for construction labourers as this would lead to reduce in total marginal cost for the whole project financing, thereby increase the positivism to the financial health of the particular project). The newly arrived labour are mostly willing to accept lower wages and lower conditions so their paid is less than local labours even though they perform the same jobs (Michael, 2001 cited in Foreign Workers In Malaysia Construction Industry Economics Essay, 2014). This will unintentionally create a strong threat to local labours which having such high requirement for working in construction industry site with poor image in mind. However, according to (Tey, 1997 cited in Foreign Workers In Malaysia Construction Industry Economics Essay, 2014), there is no actual shortage of manpower on locals, it was because most employer prefer foreign labours especially them who came in illegally who easily exploited as they have no recourse to law and justice. Shortage of local labour in construction industry The demanding nature of construction trade...
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...3.0 Unemployment Unemployment is defined as a situation where someone of working age is not able to get a job but would like to be in full time employment (Pettinger. T, 2010). In a modern economy, unemployment has a variety of causes. Some of them relate to the general level of economic activity, others are the result of a failure of the labour market in an economy to work optimally. Among the main types of unemployment, we can consider real wage unemployment, demand deficient unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and hidden unemployment (Tutor2u, 2014). Table 2: Unemployment Data of Malaysia (2003 - 2012) Year | Unemployment rate | 2003 | 3.61 | 2004 | 3.54 | 2005 | 3.53 | 2006 | 3.33 | 2007 | 3.20 | 2008 | 3.30 | 2009 | 3.70 | 2010 | 3.40 | 2011 | 3.10 | 2012 | 3.10 | (Source: World Bank, 2014) Figure 2: Unemployment Data of Malaysia (2003 – 2012) (Source: World Bank, 2014) Based on the data table 2 shown above, Malaysia consists of 10 years fluctuation unemployment over the business cycle which starts from the year 2003 until year 2012. In the year 2003, the unemployment rate is 3.61% and contraction up to 3.54% and 3.53% in the year 2004 and 2005 respectively. In the year 2006, the unemployment rate has decrease to 3.33% and continues to drop until 3.2% in the year 2007. In the year 2008, the unemployment rate has slightly raised back to 3.3%. Malaysia encountered a serious unemployment which rises...
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...Two words, ‘role’ and ‘perception’ have already give significant meaning to this element itself. Role perceptions are the way the foreign worker perceived on their roles for their jobs. Specifically, it is the extent to which the foreign workers understand the job duties designated to or expected of them (McShane, 2013). This element is the most crucial part in MARS Model since it guides the workers’ direction of effort and improves coordination with co-workers. Role perceptions are consisted of three parts that are basically the understanding to the workers’ specific tasks, the priority of their various tasks and expected performance, and the preferred behavior or procedures for completing the assigned tasks. Foreign worker has been seen to have this element because they are likely to be more obedient and accept any jobs given to them on condition that they get paid (UK Essays, 2015). That is why employers are favor to employ them because of their willingness to do the job without demanding about wages. This is has been supported by Hamid, Singh, Yusof and Abdullah (2011), that the attitude of the foreign workers is better than the local people because they are not choosy with the working condition and the type of work assigned to them, the foreign worker do not question about the salary paid to them and they are more disciplined...
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...become a serious and top most problem in many part of the world. Also increased globalizations have put more employee job into risk. The under developing countries like India, china are facing their bad time. Emerging economies like China and India are affected by the negative influence of the US Subprime Market Crisis. By reducing the demand for labor we can bring economic downturn, but it tends to increase the unemployment level in the formal sector and bring the wages charge down. It means the poverty rate is increasing and as well as the unemployment is also increases at the same rate. Such both effects try to tend the unemployment and poverty in formal economics. Thus recession works into two ways, directly or indirectly. Directly, in this scenario it decreases the wages of employees and it creates more jobless Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 600,000 just like it! get better grades employees it means more number of poor in formal economy. In directly in this scenario it brings wages down those already employed in formal economy. In other word when the economy is passing through in a recession scenario the GDP rate will be high. The goods, service and product demand would be low. When demand of the product would be low the consumer expenditure also will be low. When demand will be low the production will be low. It means less production less no employment required. It means a gap between supply and demand processes. Due this global...
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...Essay plan Topic: the exploitation of adult workers in developed countries. I. Introduction: Thesis statement: This essay discusses two major reasons that brings about the exploitation of workers in developed countries, including workers’ educational level and labor legislation, and it provides two suggestions to solve the issue in terms of education of workers and government policies. II. Body: A. Causes a. Illiteracy and low level of education 1. ↓Level of education →↑risk of exploitation (Núnez & Livanos,2010) 2. Illiteracy →easier to accept exploitation (Chan,2004) 3. ↓Knowledge of laws→inability to protect themselves from exploitation (Lenard & Straehle, 2010) b. Poor labor legislation 1. Host countries restrict immigration →immigration laws unfavorable to immigrant workers (Misra, 2007) → ↑exploitation 2. Loopholes in law → being taken advantage of by employers (Gomberg-Munoz & Nussbaum-Barberena, 2011) 3. Flexible labor market → insufficient restriction (Miller, 2012) B. Solutions a. Education 1. ↑Educational level (e.g. Italy, Fullin & Reyneri ,2011) ↘ 2. ↑Practical skills → less exploitation of workers 3. ↑ Knowledge about labor laws (Zhang,2010) ↗ b. Developing labor laws and policies 1. Immigration laws and policies → more migrant-based...
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...Ravisankar begins his essay by describing consumers and their want for low prices then describes sweatshops and their conditions. The problem he identifies is consumers demand lower prices to do this, corporations cut the cost on their employees either decreasing their wages or worsening their working conditions. Ravisankar assumes his readers are poor college students looking for lower prices and have a basic understanding of what a sweatshop is but does not fully know the appalling conditions of sweatshops. His purpose in this essay is to raise awareness of the degrading environment of sweatshops. In order to accomplish this purpose, he appeals mainly to pathos an appeal to emotions by mentioning how bad sweatshop working conditions are and its consumer’s. He also appeals to logos when he writes that people should have equal rights as others like pay. In this essay, Ravisankar addresses the main argument against his thesis the idea that the big companies like Nike, Reebox, and Gap are to blame for decreasing conditions in sweatshops. He refutes this argument by saying these companies are taking apart of “the race to the bottom” the pressure for low costs. Finally, he concludes by making the point that universities purchase around $3 billion in clothing with the universities name on it. This puts pressure on the companies to provide living wages and reasonable working. Overall, the argument Ravisankar makes is ineffective although he does an excellent job bringing up the topic...
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...optimally. There are five main types of unemployment, which are real wage unemployment, demand deficient unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and hidden unemployment. On the other hand, this essay will show the different between Keynesian and Monetarist economists. There are including two main policies in Keynesian economist which are reflationary and deflationary policies. Also, there are two main policies which are supply-side and money supply policies of monetarist policies. Firstly, according to real wage unemployment which also called classical unemployment. Real wage unemployment is a form of disequilibrium unemployment that occurs when real wages for jobs are forced above the market clearing level. Traditionally, trade unions and wages councils are seen as the institutions causing this type of unemployment although the importance of trade unions in the UK labour market has diminished significantly over recent years and this has not stopped unemployment reaching nearly three million twice in the last twenty years. Classical unemployment is thought to be the result of real wages being above their market clearing level leading to an excess supply of labour. Some economists believe that the introduction of the national minimum wage may create some classical unemployment in industries where average wage rates are closer to the NMW level and where international competition from low-labour cost producers is severe. Secondly, demand deficient unemployment...
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...Compensation Benchmarking & Wage Differentials Benchmarking Benchmarking is a skill that every human resource practitioner involved in the compensation process should perform efficiently and correctly. Accurate benchmarking is the foundation of appropriate salary assessments and market comparisons. If one benches internal positions incorrectly it may result in selecting the wrong market salary data and setting an inappropriate salary which in turn creates employee dissatisfaction and a higher turn over rate. Clearly, this is a skill that impacts the organization. * The definition of benchmarking for salary survey purposes is “matching an internal job to an external job of similar content”. The goal is to match each job being performed in your company to the survey benchmark job that most closely resembles the essential functions of that job. Once this is accomplished one can then review the market salary data to determine market rates. Steps in Compensation Benchmarking * Identify compensation goals and objectives Specify what is to be accomplished through the company’s compensation system (e.g., retain high-performing employees, reward individuals who add significant value, support and encourage flight crew team performance), and then set objectives accordingly. * Assess desired compensation mix Determine the proportional relationship between base salary, short-term incentives and long-term incentives. The mix reflects how much “risk” the company is willing...
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...ECONOMY Pableto Pinnock #21942320 January 1, 2014 Introduction to Sociology 125 Essay 1 25087800 When the U.S economy collapsed. Millions of people lost their homes, jobs, retirement savings and their faith in the American dream. What we gained was a very clear view of the vest and growing divide between the rich and the rest of us. Can a family survive on minimum wage income is yes. Based on” unless congress raises the federal minimum wage. Economy security for workers in low-wage jobs the fastest-growing sector will disappear. It is incumbent on members of congress to raise the federal minimum wage and index it to inflation, putting more money into the pockets of ordinary Americans to boost our economy and aid a real, long-term recovery. People who work for a living should be able to make a living from their work. Low-wage workers should not have to scrap by. While many of the companies they work for are making thousand if not millions of dollars. The federal minimum wage hasn’t kept up with inflation. If it has been, low-wage workers or family would be able to survive on minimum wage income. However is stratification necessary and positive in America? Society has developed the concept of social class to categorized people into different groups based on economic, political, and socio-economic status. This system of social stratification contributes to the difficulties that the middle and lower classes have to experience in order to succeed in the United States. America...
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...CCGL 9018 Final Essay Name: CHAN YIK UID 3035036503 Case study of Wal-Mart Introduction In this essay, the case of Wal-Mart will be discussed by applying the Milton Friedman’s argument on CSR and utilitarianism. Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world, however, it is also known for ruthless exploitation of employee, squeezing suppliers, and crushing communities. It has been the Public Enemy No. 1 for a generation of activists and reformers. To cope with these oppositions, Wal-Mart responded vigorously and, instead, announced plans to preserving the environment, fighting hunger, empowering women and providing access to healthy, affordable food. The essay will try to argue the problems of Wal-Mart dominating the world in the retail business to create great profit by giving low wages to the employee according to Milton Friedman and utilitarianism. Also, it will discuss how the plans announced by Wal-Mart deal with the global responsibility. Moreover, how should government involve in this situation. Problem: Low-wages for the Employee 1. Milton Friedman According to Milton Friedman, an American economist and philosopher, the most important social responsibility of a corporation is to maximize profit for its owner- stockholder (Friedman, 1970). He suggested that if a corporation put the focus on being socially responsible, it would make the corporation less competitive with those competitors who did not put much focus on social responsibility. For the...
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...filled with global conflict, disappearing jobs, higher education cost, and increasing poverty in America, the homeless need our help more than ever. Just last year, the national poverty rate rose to include 13.2 % of the population. Also, 3.5 million people were forced to sleep in parks, shelters, under bridges or in cars. Hunger and homelessness are increasing epidemics plaguing the United States. Because of the high cost of living, high unemployment rates, and low-wage jobs, countless Americans are forced to choose between food, housing, and other expenses. According to recent studies, money is being devoted to rent and utilities rather than food. 35% of the homeless population is families with children, 23% are U.S. military veterans, 25% are children under the age of 18, 20-25% suffers from mental illness and 30% have experienced domestic violence. 19.3 % of homeless people live in New York City and Los Angeles. New York City has been shown to have the highest number of homeless people in the country. The next biggest is Loss Angeles and then Seattle/King County Washington. As a result of doing nothing for the homeless, more people will become homeless. That means, more people sleeping on the streets, dying from hunger, and possibly an even higher crime rate. Economic factors play a huge role in the issue of homelessness. The number one cause of homelessness is the shortage of affordable housing. With such low incomes and low minimum wage workers, food and shelter can’t be afforded...
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...Government should restrict on the migration of people Persuasive essay: Government should restrict on the migration of people Nowadays, with the development of technology and globalization, demands for the quality of human life are also higher. They are willing to abandon their hometown to migrate a new place with higher standard of living and more opportunities to earn money. However, the number of migration people growth exponentially. According to the International Organization for migration’s world migration report 2010, the number of migration was estimated at 214 million in 2010 and this number can reach 405 million by 2050. This essay will investigate significant reasons why government should restrict on the migration of people. One the most common argument in favour of migration is it brings a better life. It is believed that people can find good accommodations, health care services, especially good jobs. However, the opposite of this is the reality. All good wages jobs are required high education as well as qualification. To illustrate, people who live in rural areas, they could not get good certificate on education or people migrate from their country to another country, because of the differences in languages as well as education, consequently, they cannot find good jobs as they desired. For example, almost migration people in USA can just find jobs with love wages of $5-$7 such as: wash dishes in restaurants, bust tables, mop floors, pick up garbage (www.balancedpolitics...
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