...first series of Essays on the Gita appeared in the monthly review Arya between August 1916 and July 1918. It was revised by Sri Aurobindo and published as a book in 1922. The second series appeared in the Arya between August 1918 and July 1920. In 1928 Sri Aurobindo brought out an extensively revised edition in book form. For the present edition, the text has been thoroughly checked against all previous editions and against the manuscripts of the revised Arya. CONTENTS FIRST SERIES I Our Demand and Need from the Gita II 3 12 20 29 39 47 57 68 81 94 105 114 124 The Divine Teacher III The Human Disciple IV The Core of the Teaching V Kurukshetra VI Man and the Battle of Life VII The Creed of the Aryan Fighter VIII Sankhya and Yoga IX Sankhya, Yoga and Vedanta X The Yoga of the Intelligent Will XI Works and Sacrifice XII The Significance of Sacrifice XIII The Lord of the Sacrifice CONTENTS XIV The Principle of Divine Works XV 134 145 158 168 177 188 200 212 224 234 247 The Possibility and Purpose of Avatarhood XVI The Process of Avatarhood XVII The Divine Birth and Divine Works XVIII The Divine Worker XIX Equality XX Equality and Knowledge XXI The Determinism of Nature XXII Beyond the Modes of Nature XXIII Nirvana and Works in the World XXIV The Gist of the Karmayoga SECOND SERIES Part I — The Synthesis of Works, Love and Knowledge I The Two Natures II 263 278 The Synthesis of Devotion and Knowledge CONTENTS III The Supreme Divine IV 289 301 311...
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...19 Essays on the Gita VOLUME 19 THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO © Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust 1997 Published by Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department Printed at Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, Pondicherry PRINTED IN INDIA Essays on the Gita Publisher’s Note The first series of Essays on the Gita appeared in the monthly review Arya between August 1916 and July 1918. It was revised by Sri Aurobindo and published as a book in 1922. The second series appeared in the Arya between August 1918 and July 1920. In 1928 Sri Aurobindo brought out an extensively revised edition in book form. For the present edition, the text has been thoroughly checked against all previous editions and against the manuscripts of the revised Arya. CONTENTS FIRST SERIES I Our Demand and Need from the Gita 3 II The Divine Teacher 12 III The Human Disciple 20 IV The Core of the Teaching 29 V Kurukshetra 39 VI Man and the Battle of Life 47 VII The Creed of the Aryan Fighter 57 VIII Sankhya and Yoga 68 IX Sankhya, Yoga and Vedanta 81 X The Yoga of the Intelligent Will 94 XI Works and Sacrifice 105 XII The Significance of Sacrifice 114 XIII The Lord of the Sacrifice 124 CONTENTS XIV The Principle of Divine Works 134 XV The Possibility and Purpose of Avatarhood 145 XVI The Process of Avatarhood 158 XVII The Divine Birth and Divine...
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...ethical code from Judaism. As a result, as society's values have changed, the effectiveness of transcendent entities as rulers within law-based ethics to provide ethical agents with an obligation to obey the moral law has been brought into question. This essay will focus on Christian ethics, where 'transcendent entities' will refer to the Christian God, and 'law-based ethics' is the divine law set down by God within Christian scripture. To prove that God is necessary to provide ethical agents with a duty to follow the divine law, this essay will discuss God and humanity's nature, agents' need for a transcendent law-giver, the role that religion...
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...Divine Roles Across Cultures Matrix Select one common divine role that recurs in world mythology. Possible options of divine roles include the following: father or mother divinities, divinities of war, home or hearth divinities, divinities of love, divinities of wisdom, divinities of medicine or health, divinities of the wind, divinities of agriculture, divinities of the sky, ruler of all the gods, and so on. Identify the role in the title of your matrix. Select two myths, each from a different culture, in which the divine role appears. Identify the divinity names and cultures in columns A and B. Complete the matrix by answering each of the five questions for both selected divinities. |Title: Divinities of Love and Beauty |Column A |Column B | | |Divinity Name: Aphrodite |Divinity Name: Freyja | | |Culture of Origin: Greek |Culture of Origin: Norse | |How is this divinity portrayed? |She was portrayed to be the goddess |She was the goddess of love, lust, | |Describe the divinity’s role within the|of love and beauty often shown |fertility and magic. According to | |myth. |smiling. She is the daughter of Zeus.|Freyja (1996), she is believed to be | | |Some myths also say they daughter...
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...The Inferno Essay Dante's The Inferno, is an epic poem that has thrilled and informed the common man for centuries. He portrays a vivid description of one man's journey through hell and back with the past poet Virgil at his side. This epic has lead many through the depths of Medieval Christianity, displaying its importance on every society since then. With this description, man is awakened to the ethical, political, social, and philosophical aspects of Dante's time, later introducing the Renaissance era. Society in the Middle Ages consisted of two focuses; survival and God. These focuses lead many to forget the developed areas of knowledge and reason before their time. This society's people were believed to be laborers, or otherwise known as the hands of God, as displayed in their art work and literature. All actions were taken not for themselves but for God alone. This was described clearly, by Dante's witnessing of the thirteenth circle of hell containing the suicides. Those within this circle committed an act completely self centered, altering their intentions from God to themselves, leading them to a circle lower then murder. God and the church were not only a primary religious focus, but a structured hierarchy system for all society to follow. With God at the absolute highest position, his principles created an ethical map structuring nine circles of hell along with a social structure in the Middle Ages. This social structure was a fixed hierarchy where individuals never...
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...University of Sharjah International Relations Political Theory Ideas on States and Justice in the thought of Augustine and Rousseau Essay Assignment By: May Ramez Mahrat Supervised by: Dr. Jeremy Kleidosty Arguments and philosophical explanations for what justifies power and states, inspired by the European Enlightenment thought, has headed closer toward reasoning and further from faith. The thought of Rousseau and Saint Augustine is a clear representation of the two poles of reason and faith in political thought. Rousseau, outlining the basis of his social contract on the natural goodness of human beings and putting sovereignty in the hand s of people, differs widely from Augustine who addresses the state as an “essential evil” put to discipline men who are sinners by nature. The political arguments of these two philosophers, who lived in two different ages, represent a different kind of Enlightenment for the both ages that they lived in. This essay will discuss Rousseau’s and Augustine’s regards to state, justice and property and will examine the effects of their thoughts on modern politics. Augustine and Rousseau in Comparison Wrapping his political and social beliefs with virtuous, deist and theological Christian discourse, Augustine, the Christian bishop, presents a leap in the Western thought at a time close to the beginning of the middle ages. His political views in his writings are interpreted differently by various scholars as he rarely expresses direct...
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...Short Essay 2 Theology Christology – As you are going home from work, two well-dressed gentlemen accost you, handing you some literature explaining what they believe. You glance over it and are drawn to this sentence: "Jesus was a man and as such could not also be God." Seeing the puzzled look on your face, one of the men asks you what you think of this claim. Keeping this scenario in mind, answer the following questions in your essay: * What is the biblical basis for Jesus' humanity? In the Synoptic gospels, he was seen born of a woman, found lying in a cradle, growing, learning, subject to hunger, anxiety, doubt disappointment and surprise. Mark 2:15, 14:33; 15:34; Luke 2:40; 7:9, and finally to death and burial. Elwell. R.S WALLACE AND G.L. GREEN Pg 239 * What is the biblical basis for Jesus' deity? He claimed to forgive sin, thus assuming a prerogative that belong to God. Mark 2:5 – 7. He allows people to worship him, thus asserting himself as deity. Matthew 14:33, 28:9, John 20:28, 29 claimed any comparative attributes of omnipresence, omniscience, and omnipotence. He claimed to be in heaven John 3:13 and then nature would obey his words Mark 4:39. See towns 156 Explain how Jesus can be both God and Man at the same time (Hypostatic Union). “In the incarnation of the son of God, a human nature was inseparably united forever with the divine nature into one person of Jesus Christ, yet with the two natures remain distinct, whole, and unchanged...
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...to interpret it and the need to frame it within an Anglican course context that itself reflects rich, diverse practices of praising, listening to and hearing God. The title of this essay refers to Elijah’s two mountain top experiences on Carmel and Horeb that depict how God speaks in contrasting ways; through spectacular events and displays of power and through a whisper which both calms and rouses the heart. Moving quickly through the story in 1 Kings 19, we see Elijah who has stopped rain, challenge the false prophets of Baal and Asherath to reveal the true God in a fiery showdown on Mount Carmel. After he has ordered the death of the false prophets, Queen Jezebel threatens his life. Elijah, discouraged, flees into the wilderness heading for Mount Horeb (Sinai) a significant place of God’s voice and revelation to Moses, at a key moment in the history of Israel. Perhaps in journeying to Sinai, Elijah hoped for a fresh encounter and revelation of God. Unlike Moses’ experience, God does not partially unveil his countenance. Instead, Elijah hears a still small voice in his cave of refuge, with God asking him what he is doing there. We might imagine that after calling out to God and seeing him work through spectacular events that Elijah would be reassured of God’s infinite power and love. However he is human and more discouraged by Jezebel’s voice, his own fears, (that he is the last of God’s prophets,) than by God’s power. His fearful lament in reply to God’s question...
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...theological inquiry, theological hermeneutics is critical reflection upon Christian understanding.”93 Thus, in this section we will explore three aspects that nourish our theological understanding of texts: (1) Divine discourse, (2) Intertextuality, and (3) Canonical-linguistic approach: theo-drama. 92Stephen E. Fowl, Engaging Scripture: A Model for Theological Interpretation (Malden: Blackwell, 1998); idem, The Theological Interpretation of Scripture (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1997); John Webster, “Hermeneutics in Modern Theology: Some Doctrinal Reflections,” SJT 51 (1998):...
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...these emotions is love. To feel love and to reciprocate it is proper to rational beings such as the human person. But the term “love” has taken quite different meanings around the globe, a lot of persons even have their own notion of love. It is the one of the most elusive and abused term of mankind. It eludes definition for the reason that one really cannot exhaust love in one specific definition. As Benedict XVI said (2006, p. 7) “In our present context, the term “love” has become one of the most frequently used and misused of words, a word where we attach quite different meanings.” We human persons are capable of expressing and accepting love, since we are endowed with intellect and will aside from our passions. These faculties make it possible for a human to feel being loved and to love back in return. The faculty intellect is the one that perceives and comprehends love, where we can interpret it, while the faculty of the will is the one that is responsible for conveying and reciprocating love. Our acts as human beings such as loving are very much different from those of the animals’. This is because human acts require the use of both the intellect and the will. It requires knowing and willing a particular act, making it voluntary. Aristotle notes that “What is voluntary would seem to be that of which the moving principle is in the agent himself, he being aware of the circumstances of the action”(NE, trans. by Ross, 2001, pp. 967). But love is more than just...
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...morality to God’s existence, with the general understanding of God as a morally good creator. It is important to note that moral arguments are interesting considering the fact that one has to give attention to all the philosophical issues that are handled under Metaethics in order to effectively evaluate the soundness of such arguments. On the other hand, they are important considering their dominance in famous apologetic arguments in support of religious belief. The connection that apparently exists between religion and morality tends to uphold the claim that there is need for a religious foundation that can define moral truths, or that such truths can be best elaborated by the existence of God, or some actions or qualities of God. This essay focuses on the various types of moral arguments, with the intention of drawing on the distinction between practical and theoretical or pragmatic moral arguments. As such, this paper asserts that from the moral perspective, mortal obligations constitute of rules that are imposed by a supreme being that can only be explained by a Godly figure. Moral Arguments for the Existence of God There are various moral arguments that have been established in support of the existence of God, some of which will be discussed in this section. One of the theistic moral argument versions that is easily understandable relies on the analogy between moral laws and the human laws that are developed and enforced by nation-states. Sovereign laws develop and enforce...
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...University of Phoenix Material Divine Roles Across Cultures Part I Select one common divine role that recurs in world mythology. Possible options of divine roles include the following: father or mother divinities, divinities of war, home or hearth divinities, divinities of love, divinities of wisdom, divinities of medicine or health, divinities of the wind, divinities of agriculture, divinities of the sky, ruler of all the gods, and so on. Identify the role in the title of your table. Select two myths, each from a different culture, in which the divine role appears. Identify the divinity names and cultures in columns A and B. Complete the table by answering each of the five questions for both selected divinities. |Title: |Column A |Column B | | |Divinity Name: Zeus |Divinity Name: Odin | | |Culture of Origin: Greece |Culture of Origin: Norse | |How is this divinity portrayed? Describe the |Zeus is the ruler of the Olympian gods and ruler|Odin is the ruler of all gods. He lives in| |divinity’s role within the myth. |of all men. Zeus is the god of justice and is |the underworld called Valhalla where half | | ...
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...The Four Loves is philosophical Literature based on the different loves described in Greek thought. Consider what Lewis indicates about each one of the four loves, familial or affectionate love (storge), friendship (philia), romantic love (Eros), and spiritual love (agape), and present your own philosophical treatment for each of these. Incorporate 2 to 3 scholarly research sources for this argument essay. Use MLA citation. Create an argument that is 4 to 5 double-spaced pages, exclusive of the work cited page. Consult the Writing Rubric. Proofreads thoroughly. 15th Century philosopher, Francois De La Rochefund stated, “There is only one kind of love, but there are a thousand different versions.” In The Four Loves, C. S. Lewis presented his philosophical view on The Four Loves as described in Greek thought. They are, namely, Familial or Affectionate love, Friendship, Romantic love and, Spiritual love. Lewis led the readers to reflect on his interpretation of each type as he tried to prove that the real glory of the natural loves lies in the divine love of God. This divine love is the highest form of love, and all the other loves are its offspring. Lewis first discussed the affectionate love also known as Storge. According to Lewis, “almost anyone can become an object of affection It ignores the barriers of sex, age, class, education” (p. 55 -56). There are different types of attachment that may develop between two persons or between an individual and an object. This affection...
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...story by Clara Wigfall from 1997. The short story is about the relationship between a child and it´s parents and about upbringing. In this short story, the parents are having problems with understanding Violets view of an Image in a newspaper which leads to big frustrations from both of her parents. The story is also very focused around Christianity. This essay will dig deeper into the story and try to analyze Violet describing how she sees the environment. The main theme in the short story is upbringing. The short story clearly shows the need of love, attention, and understanding from parents to its children. In this case Violet Is dealing with the need of love from Virgin Mary. She is struggling with jealousy in Mary loving another child, and her struggles becomes a frustration for her parents. The priests describes her signs of jealousy as “Very worrying” and none of them really realizes that she’s only just a child and how should she understand what Christianity is about in such an young age. It really shows how important it is not to worry too much when trying to understand your child and instead show her all of the love she in this case defiantly is searching for. All of this really comes down to upbringing and how sometimes you need to let kids be kids. Violet in a very young girl and are going through a state of her childhood where she tries to understand a lot of things. She is mute which affect her relationship with adults but it doesn’t influence her imagination...
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...Pretty Daughter by Elphinstone Dayrell. The reason for this selection is the love of a father who could not “dispose” of his daughter for the childish decision of an immature king. Who in their right state of mind could make a law to kill prettier daughters than those presented to the king’s son? The courage and fear it took to keep the secret and keep her alive until she was discovered is something only a loving father and hero could do. The particular strengths of my essay are the examples and support I will present during the span of the essay. Weaknesses of this essay would be proper citation and paraphrasing within the writing rules. A lot of times I forget that if miss certain grammatical inserts it could be interpreted as plagiarism. I would like more feedback on structure and citations to make sure I am doing proper and within the rules. Sincerely, I Need a Hero! In the Nigerian Folk Tale: The Tortoise with a Pretty Daughter by Elphinstone Dayrell there is a hero who is defined by the love of his baby girl. The father’s crime was keeping his daughter alive, in defiance of a law passed by the king, for his daughter being of stunning physical beauty which beauty was a death sentence. This father stood against the law of a king which in the times of old is considered absolute and almost divine. He risked death for his entire family for defying the king’s law but a father’s love kept him from obeying an unethical law. An unhappy king, who rules over all...
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