...Sleep deprivation is prevalent in industrialized societies and has been linked to serious health issues and traffic accidents. This essay views sleep and sleep deprivation from five different motivational perspectives in order to gain a holistic understanding of the phenomena. From evolutionary, psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive, and hierarchy of needs perspectives, it is inferred that the cognitive and behaviourist perspectives uphold the most merit for gaining understanding into sleep and sleep deprivation. However, it is concluded that in order to obtain the greatest comprehension of the phenomena, the implementation of all motivational perspectives is required. Sleep is one of the most fundamental components of a healthy existence. The phenomenon of sleep deprivation, resulting either from lifestyle choices or the undertreatment of sleep related illnesses, could be a factor for a multitude of health disorders prevalent in today’s society (Nature, 2005). It is suggested that people of industrialized countries obtain about 20% less sleep today than they did a century ago. Sleep deprivation has been linked to Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and has also been found to significantly increase the chance of a motor-vehicle accident (Wilson, 2005). In order to address the problem of sleep deprivation, it is imperative that the motivation behind sleep and sleep deprivation is understood. This essay will look at sleep and sleep deprivation through five different perspectives of motivation:...
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...Sleep deprivation is defined as a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performances of tasks. (WebMd) Sleep deprivation can lead to harsh physical and or mental problems and should be taken seriously. We are now living in a 24/7 world where we are constantly busy and there is work, television and electronics keeping us up. Getting the proper amount of sleep should be taken very seriously so that there are no harmful effects to your body or mind. Sleep is something that you cannot live without, just like the food we need to eat or the oxygen we need to breathe. Sleep may be the last thing we feel there is time for but it should be made a top priority. There are several consequences, such as accidents or disasters, that are a result of sleep deprivation or lack of sleep and everyone should make a conscious effort to improving the way they sleep. Sleep debt is a major factor in accidents and can cause slow or delayed reactions times. Slowed reaction time can be dangerous while driving a vehicle or even operating machinery. Not only could you harm yourself due to a lack of sleep but others could be in harms way as well. An example of sleep deprivation and slowed reaction time would be the Exxon Valdez disaster. This accident was a major disaster in where oil was spilled all over and harmed many living creatures. In “Sleep Debt and the Mortgaged Mind” William C. Dement and Christopher...
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...The key terms used throughout this essay are sleep, sleep deprivation, the evolutionary perspective (EP), psychodynamic perspective (PP), and the behaviourist perspective (BP) (see glossary for definitions). Sleep deprivation has a prevalence of about 10% among Australians (Burton, Westen, & Kowalski, 2012 pp. 199). Symptoms of sleep deprivation include difficulty falling and staying asleep, being irritable, feeling tired and fatigued etc. (Burton, Westen, & Kowalski, 2012 pp. 198). The consequences can include weakened immune and motor functions, memory and attention deficits, incapability of tolerating stress and overall bad health among others (Burton, Westen, & Kowalski, 2012 pp. 198/199). The rationale for the essay is to evaluate three psychological perspectives to explain the motivation for sleep and sleep deprivation among Australian adults. The three perspectives that will be evaluate are the evolutionary, psychodynamic and behaviourist perspectives. It will be argued that the BP is the best perspective for understanding sleep and sleep deprivation....
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...The effect of sleep deprivation in flowers Omg help Im so sorry i just really need to view an essay Again, I’m soooo sorry for this. Please do not take it to heart I have an essay due in today and I have not started yet please let me see some so i can get help omg iosnfanafiofjaedad *collapses* Sleep deprivation can adversely affect the brain and cognitive function.[21] A 2000 study, by the UCSD School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in San Diego, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor activity in the brains of sleep-deprived subjects performing simple verbal learning tasks.[22] The study showed that regions of the brain's prefrontal cortex, an area that supports mental faculties such as working memory and logical and practical ("means-ends") reasoning, displayed more activity in sleepier subjects. Researchers interpreted this result as indicating that the brain of the average sleep-deprived subject had to work harder than that of the average non-sleep-deprived subject to accomplish a given task, and from this indication they inferred the conclusion the brains of sleep-deprived subjects were attempting to compensate for adverse effects caused by sleep deprivation. The temporal lobe, which is a brain region involved in language processing, was activated during verbal learning in rested subjects but not in sleep-deprived subjects. The parietal lobe, not activated in rested subjects during the verbal exercise, was more...
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...Sleep Deprivation Abstract Sleep is one of our basic needs to survive, however in the modern days sleep deprivation in increasing more and more each day, causing accidents and medical problems for the people and the community. This essay will look at the meaning of sleep and sleep deprivation and the basic perspectives on what motivates sleep and sleep deprivation with the five perspectives; evolutionary, psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive and the hierarchy of needs. This essay will also evaluate the best perspective to eliminate sleep deprivation with the cases studies discussing the general hypothesis of sleep and sleep deprivation. Basic Perspectives on Motivation: Evaluating Five Accounts for Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Sleep is one of our basic needs to survive and to function in day to day operations, but not everyone needs the same amount of sleep. Some people can survive on very little sleep, i.e. five hours a night, and some people need a lot of sleep, to the extend that they are sleeping up to 10 to sometimes 15 hours a night (Nature, 2005). According to Wilson (2005) the general rule states that most people need from seven to eight hours of sleep. The deprivation of sleep in our society in continually increasing with the demands in society increasing work loads, the myth that a few hours of sleep is only necessary to function properly and that sleep is sometimes considered as killing time (Nature, 2005). Sometimes sleep deprivation is also caused by other...
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...July 20, 2012 Lesson 7 Cause and Effect Essay Rough Draft May 30, 2012 Effects of Sleep Deprivation Getting the proper amount of sleep can be very rewarding. You wake up feeling refreshed and ready to take on the day. Sleep is also required to maintain health and allowing your body time to repair itself from hectic days. The effects of sleep deprivation are many, and the effects can be not only harmful, but deadly. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website on sleep, “insufficient sleep is associated with…diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression.” America is already becoming a heavier nation with increasing health problems due to poor eating habits and lack of exercise, and a lack of sleep only exacerbates these already dangerous problems. Even with exercise several times a week and maintaining a healthy diet, sleep deprivation will eventually take a toll on one’s body. It can also advance the aging process, making a person feel and appear much older than they may actually be. Driving when you are drowsy may have the same effect as a person who is under the influence of alcohol or drugs, impairing a driver’s ability to remain aware of their surroundings. However, because they are not technically breaking the law, people may drive even if they have been out or working all night. Many people believe that they can handle the sleepiness and don’t realize the danger they may be facing. This is a simple...
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...Essay Assignment Describe the following sleep disorders and include the causes, symptoms, consequences and possible treatments for: Narcolepsy, Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, Nightmares, and Night Terrors. Narcolepsy is a disorder of losing the brain’s ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Narcolepsy results to excessive daytime sleepiness. Main cause of narcolepsy is unknown but many cases are thought to be caused by lack of brain chemical “Orexin”, which regulates sleep. Some studies show that narcolepsy might be genetic as well. Symptoms of narcolepsy are often referred to the “Tetrad of Narcolepsy”, which are cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnogogic hallucinations. No treatment has been proven yet, but taking oral CNS stimulants such as Amphetamine and Methylphenidate can help with the excessive daytime sleepiness. Insomnia is a disorder in which a person suffers from having trouble in falling asleep or in staying asleep. Insomnia is caused by the disturbance of the circadian rhythm that results to the inability of to fall asleep during the regular sleeping hours. Symptoms include awakening at night and awakening too early; difficulty falling asleep at night; feeling tired after sleeping; and difficulty paying attention. Getting proper and regular sleep patterns can help treat insomnia. Sleeping pills and other sedatives can also help treat insomnia. Sleep Apnea is a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during...
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...The alarm clock rings. The clock says 6:00 a.m. You drag yourself out of bed and do your normal morning routines. You are sleepy because you stayed up late writing an English essay. You don’t get to eat breakfast and your stomach is the only thing on your mind. This is an example of how early school times can result in less concentration in class and creating bad health habits such as skipping breakfast. According to Jennifer LeComte, director of the pediatric program at Christina Care’s Wilmington hospital health center, bad sleep habits can lead to obesity and diabetes, because the body’s regulation of sugar is thrown out of whack (Albright). This could...
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...Research paper 1 Ivytech community college Sleep disorders essay Sleep the thing we need the most in our everyday lives. Unfortunately for some people this task the most simple of all tasks, something your parents would tell you to do if you were misbehaving by saying the words go take a nap, is unbearable. People from around the world suffer from many sleep disorders and don’t even know why. So what is a sleep disorder you ask? A sleep disorder is are problems with sleeping, including trouble falling or staying asleep, falling asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviors during sleep. To be completely honest sleep can be compared to quicksand in a way no matter how you try to fight it you will just end up finding your self-trapped it will take over your body and the more you try to fight it the more it will win and by it I mean sleep. The effects of sleep are not uncommon in fact, back then even till this day sleep deprivation is used as a form of torture in certain camps of certain countries. Not only that, but many victims of sleep deprivation commonly a form of torture used on criminals is used to extract information from them for however long as possible. It leaves no physical markings but its psychological effects can be very harmful. Victims will literally go crazy. Those who have gone through it say that no sleep is even worse than starvation. The number of people who suffer from a lack of sleep is growing. This is largely contributed to the...
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...Discuss at least two causes of sleep disturbance. What effects have been shown to occur as a result? Sound sleep is vital for human functioning on a daily basis. Yet some people do not get the required amount. Whether, inadequate sleep might be due to physical, psychological or socioeconomic conditions, sleep disturbance is a common problem. Impaired sleep or sleep disturbance means failure to fall asleep, inability to regain sleep and persistent arousal during the night (Prinz, 1977, as cited in Harrington & Avidan, 2009). The most familiar types of sleep disorders are insomnia; difficulty falling asleep in-spite of sufficient sleep opportunity, and obstructed sleep apnea; difficulty in breathing while asleep that results in frequent awakening (Harrington & Avidan, 2009). The multiple causes of sleep disturbance may include ageing, noise, chronic disease, nocturia, alcoholism, chronic pain, obesity and stress. This essay focuses on three common causes of sleep disturbance: ageing, noise and psychological problems. It also focuses on consequences like memory impairment and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. Ageing may be a common cause of sleep disturbance. Changes in sleep pattern, like increased lighter stages of sleep, increased fragmented sleep, as well as decreased total sleep time and early morning awakenings may all occur with advancing age. The prevalence of obstructed sleep apnea is 13% among older men and 4% among older women (Enright et al., 1996...
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... | |Authors | Authors |Resource/ Database |Year of Publication |Research Type |Population/ Sample Size |Outcome Variables Measured |Pertinent Data from Results |Author’s Suggested Conclusions |Comments | |Chou, Y., Shao, M.,Tzeng, W.& Yeh, M. |WGU Library |2010 |Cross-sectional |435 female nurses from five different hospitals |Sleep quality and quality of life in female shift-working nurses |57% had global sleep-quality scores > or = to 5 |Long hours affect nurses sleep quality and information should be given while in school and to managers to improve health |It was interesting to see the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-BREF to be used | |Note: If you locate your articles in the WGU library, you may indicate this in place of the database. Note: Assure you understand the definition of primary research. You cannot use evidence summaries, reviews of literature, guidelines, or standards for your ten pieces of research. Note: Tables/Matrices in APA...
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...Yuliya Bondarchuk Essay Why do we sleep? Russell Foster Speak in public is very hard work and not many people can possess this skill. Neuroscientist Russell Foster opens a session of TEDGlobal all about us, asking the question: Why do we sleep? Thirty-six percent of our lives are spent asleep, which means, if you live to 90, you’ll have slept for 32 years. But we don’t appreciate sleep enough, says Foster. He quotes Thomas Edison — “Sleep is a criminal waste of time, inherited from our cave days” — and Margaret Thatcher — “Sleep is for wimps.” Simply put, says Foster, not only do we not appreciate sleep, but we treat it like an illness and an enemy. Of course this simply shouldn’t be the case. In fact, some areas of the brain are more active during the sleep stage than while the body is awake. But the essential question that we — ahem — lose sleep over: Why do we sleep? There is no real consensus, but Foster gives three popular answers: 1. Sleep is for restoration, to replenish and repair metabolic processes. Indeed, a whole host of genes are “turned on” only during sleep — genes associated with restoration and metabolic pathways. 2. Sleep is for energy conservation, to save calories. This may seem an intuitive answer, says Foster, except that the difference between sleeping and quietly resting is about 110 calories a night, the equivalent of a hot dog bun. Not a very gob od upshot for such a complex process. 3. Finally, sleep is for brain processing and...
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...Side-effects 65). To clean the meat slicer you have to expose the blade and lift the safety (Bridgemohan, Side-effects 65). She was beyond tired she could not see straight (Bridgemohan, Side-effects 65). While she was cleaning the slicer her finger came in contact with the spinning blade and sliced over an inch off her index finger (Bridgemohan, Side-effects 78). The cause of this accident was that Molly, reportedly, pulled an all-nighter the previous night to finish her essay for a college application (Bridgemohan, Side-effects 64). Teens that are overwhelmed and stressed due to school work and part-time job while try to find a way get passed that stress. One usual solution...
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...of the brain, thus stimulating various functions, such as body temperature, hormone secretion, changes in blood pressure, etc. There are numerous external factors as well, that regulate a circadian rhythm among human beings. These external factors are called zeitgebers (Hawkins & Orlady, 1993). Most common zeitgebers are light and temperature. Others include meal times, various social and physical activities. The most common circadian rhythm known to mankind is the sleep cycle. Sleep is an extremely important physiological phenomenon, during which our body heals and recuperates. Let us begin with understanding what sleep is, and what are the various sleep patterns. Sleep is a revocable state, which is characterized by disconnection and unresponsiveness to the outside environment with closed eyes, reduced movements and recumbency (Smith, Comella, & Hogl, 2008). Normal sleep pattern is classified into two characteristic divisions: Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. These sleep stages are defined by neurophysiological...
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...Psychology 100 April 11, 2013 Term Paper A problem of mine is that I never get enough sleep, usually because of the homework that I have to do. There are many things that cause this problem, as well as complications and solutions to it. One of the causes is lack of motivation to get to bed on time. I always wait until the last minute to complete my homework assignments, which causes me to stay up extremely late or wake up early in order to get everything done on time. This is because I never have the motivation to do my work unless the deadline approaches. Even when I do not have any homework to do, I can never get to bed at a reasonable time. I stay up doing unnecessary things on my phone and computer, even though I need to go to sleep. My lack of motivation is the reason that I do not get enough sleep. Motivation relates to the factors that direct and energize behavior. It explains variations in behavior as well as why people do what they do. It also explains why people behave in certain ways in order to reach a certain goal. One approach to motivation is the incentive approach. According to this theory, people are motivated due to the desire to obtain valued external goals. In my case, my incentive would be to get good grades. I realize that if I got more sleep or spent more quality time on my homework, the result would be that I would receive better grades. However, I do not possess this motivation. I continue to poorly manage my time even though I know that it will negatively...
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