...Stateline Shipping And Transport Company 1. Formulation of the Problem The Stateline Shipping and Transport Company wanted to transport industrial wastes from the 6 plants to the 3 waste disposable sites. The problem can be represented in as a Transportation table as shown below. Our problem is to find roots to disposable sites, such that the cost of transportation is minimized.. White water Los Canos Duras Availability (bbl) Kingsport $12.00 $15.00 $17.00 35 Danville $14.00 $9.00 $10.00 26 Macon $13.00 $20.00 $11.00 42 Selma $17.00 $16.00 $19.00 53 Columbus $7.00 $14.00 $12.00 29 Allentown $22.00 $16.00 $18.00 38 Capacity (barrels) 65 80 105 Mathematical Formulation Let Xij i=1,2,3,4,5,6; j =1,2,3 denote the quantity of waste transported from i-th plant to j-th waste disposal centre. Then the objective function Z representing the cost and different constraints of the problem can be written as Minimize Z=12X11+15X12+17X13+14X21+9X22+10X23+13X31+20X32+11X33+17X41+16X42+19X43+7X51+14X52+12X53+22X61+16X62+18X63 Subject to X11+X12+X13 = 35 Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 600,000 just like it! get better grades X21+X22+X23 = 26 X31+X32+X33 = 42 X41+X42+X43 = 53 X51+X52+X53 = 29 X61+X62+X63 = 38 X11+X21+X31+X41+X51+X61 65 X12+X22+X32+X42+X52+X62 80 X13+X23+X33+X43+X53+X63 105 Xij 0, i=1,2,3,4,5,6; j=1,2,3. 2. The transportation problem described above can be solved mathematically using a computer...
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...Abstract This essay will cover the history of Municipal solid waste (MSW) as well as how their facilities have changed due to environmental reforms. Various types of waste facilities will be defined along with what has been changed to help keep the environment and population safe from the hazardous chemicals. Lastly, one facility will be explored and their preventative measures will be explored. Municipal Solid Waste Solid waste is a persistent, part of our lives, yet it goes unnoticed. Today, many countries are facing an approaching crisis in the management of solid waste as many waste disposal sites are nearing their capacity and the contents are continually degrading the environment. However, new and advanced solid waste management systems can help to reduce solid waste disposal, and subsequently minimize environmental and health impacts. Unlike decades before, new legislation has been proposed, and highly regulated to ensure better management of waste. Most widely referred to as nuisances, open dump sites can be found on both private and public property; sides of the road, ditches, river/creek beds, secluded forest/woods, back yards, and empty lots. (Illinois EPA, 2011). All of these hazards can cause detrimental harm to plant and wildlife habitats as well as significantly reduce the quality of life in the nearby communities. (Illinois EPA, 2011), (Hamilton County Public Health, 2007) The early landfills were heavily associated with environmental problems. When...
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...of large amount of waste, then identify different ways to reducing the amount of waste people produce. By Latchaya Paknam Earth is confronting with many environmental crises, for instance global warming, overpopulation, resources depletion, energy and pollution. Luis F. diaz (2011) points out “These crises are interrelated and connected to waste and waste management”. World bank (2012) states that “Currently, world cities generate about 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year. This volume is expected to increase to 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025.” Large amount of waste generated leads to serious problems. The world immediately needs effective sustainable methods to tackle this problem for our next generation. Firstly, this essay will examine 3main impacts of waste disposal and then will provide effective solutions based on this examine. Waste is not always a broken or expiration but waste is unwanted or un-useful material that human throws away. Waste disposal causes enormous environmental impacts. The first impact is Environmental impact. Waste creation drains a large number of natural resources. Giljum et al.,(2008),cited in Zaman, Lehmann 2013,p.124) state that a great deal of natural resources are consumed daily. 120-130 billion tonnes of those raw materials are used for news products and generate approximately 3.4 to billion tonnes of municipal solid waste every year. Energy is one of the resources significantly depleted by deposing waste. According to Zaman...
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...Essay Plan I. Introduction: Thesis statement: Therefore, even though there may be some concerns in terms of safety and waste disposal, it could be an advisable option for countries to focus more on developing nuclear energy because it is environmental friendly and cost-effective. II. Body 1. Concerns A. Safety 1. Nuclear radiation on residents (e.g. Chernobyl & Fukushima disaster) → threat health and lives of residents 2. Nuclear radiation on workers→ cancer A. Waste disposal 1. Deep Geologic Disposal (difficult to build, 30-60 years) → few constructed storages for nuclear waste 2. Difficult to safely transport (e.g. Goiania) 2. Benefits C. Environmental friendly 1. Less carbon dioxide → mitigate greenhouse effect 2. No polluting gases → mitigate air pollution D. Cost-effective 1. Little nuclear fuel → much energy → effective 2. Lower unit price of nuclear power → economic III. Conclusion Benefits ( environmental friendly & cost-effective) ＞ concerns ( safety & waste disposal) → develop nuclear energy （1157 words） With the rapidly increasing population, human being’s demand for energy has become more urgent. Around the world, the finite fossil fuels are the main sources of energy. 85% of world energy are currently provided by fossil fuels which have the dominate position compared to other energy sources (Foris, 2005, p. 615). The author also states that 90% of carbon...
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...Assignment 02 Essay Plan: Introduction: * Outline what intend to explore in essay * Description of a consumer society. Part 1 * What is consumerism * Mass consumption origins – include quote from R Williams * Affluence * Supermarket contribution to consumerism Part 2 * Outline the impact of rubbish / wastage on environment – include statistics from reports shown in Making Social Lives text book. * Explain what unsustainability means and how does it refer to rubbish. * What is recycling and its role * Other ways to use rubbish i.e. charity shops, used as art Conclusion * Conclude whether society is a throwaway society. Explore the claim that a consumer society is always a ‘throw-away’ society. In this essay I will attempt to explore the claim stated above that a consumer society is always a ‘throw-away’ society and find examples to support this. Before beginning to explore the claim stated above, it is important to understand what is meant by a ‘consumer society’. Many social scientists state that we live in times of a consumer which means “a label use to refer to a society which is defined as much by how and what people purchase and use, as by what they make or do.” (Hetherington, 2009, p.13). Consumerism is a form of socialisation evolving from the Industrial Revolution and it has continued to evolve through the decades to the present day. With so many produces being so readily available it seems there are a number of...
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...4/14/2015 Essay on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Clean India Mission Essay Search Home Festivals Events Social Issues ► Hindi Essay ► Rural India ► It in India Essay Speech Quotes Rhymes ► Tree India Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay Essay on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness campaign run by the government of India and initiated by the Honourable Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It is a most important topic which our kids and students must know and be aware of this mission. It is a general topic which students are generally given in their schools to write or say something on Swachh Bharat or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. We have provided below some simply written essays on this topic in order to make your kids gets participated in the essay writing competition or competitions. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 1 (100 words) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is also called as the Clean India Mission or Clean India drive or Swachh Bharat Campaign. It is a national level campaign run by the Indian Government to cover all the backward statutory towns to make them clean. This campaign involves the construction of latrines, promoting sanitation programmes in the rural areas, cleaning streets, roads and changing the infrastructure of the country to lead the country ahead. This campaign was th officially launched by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi on 145 birth anniversary of the Mahatma nd Gandhi on 2 of October...
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...sanitation in Zambia by 2015 are many and include the large numbers of temporary latrines, low capacity for sanitation promotion in the country, weak policies and strategies for sanitation promotion, low support for sanitation in donor supported programs, social resistance to the use of the latrines, and lack of multi-sectoral partnerships for sanitation promotion. This paper endeavours to outline and discuss the sequential platform of activities in the policy process which the policy maker would use to address the problem of poor sanitation in Luangeni Village of Chief Mpezeni’s area. The essay also attempts to establish the seriousness of the problem of poor sanitation in the village by presenting statistical evidence. In order to fully comprehend and come up with solutions concerning the topic under discussion it is imperative that we understand some key concepts to be used in this essay, these include policy, policy makers and sanitation. Development policy making lies within the domain of the state. The word policy however has no single defination in literature, this is so because there are different points of view and diverging opinions and definitions from various scholars. Goffrey Vickers (1965) defines policy as decisions that give guidance, coherence and continuity to policy actions for which the decision making body is responsible. Rothblatt (1974:370) defines policy as goal statements specifically adressing the known problems and opportunies associated with a policy...
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...laboratories. Storage technicians who will be storing, ordering and then using these substances will have access to this data. Scientific data This is to make sure all scientific results and data from the workplace is safe and retrievable and other sources such as scientific research example. Technicians that will be working in the labs and then the heads and deputies of departments will have access. Scientific equipment This is for the equipment’s purchase, maintenance and schedule data. Heads and deputies of departments and technicians that will be involved in making and changing schedules of equipment. Waste disposal This is for how much and what is produced as waste and how it is disposed of to make sure it’s done correctly and effectively. Technicians that have used the substances and then have to dispose of them, also department heads that will have to authorise costs of these disposals. Health and safety checks This is for the monitoring of the health and safety check being made and results of them also to hold accident reports when necessary. Department heads also health and safety officers or other who will have specific responsibilities and authority. Training records This is for the data of training levels and qualifications of all members of staff. Also to hold and maintain of needed training. Department heads and supervisors, training officers, human resources department and the individual members of staff the information concerns. Quality assurance this is for data to...
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...As the international trading activities increase in both frequency and magnitude, the relationship between world trade and environmental conservation becomes closer and closer. The extent of globalisation is now spreading across every parts of the world. At present, human is facing an important yet complicated problem climate change. In order to address this problem and promote sustainable development, the globalisation becomes a key focus. As one of the drivers of globalisation, international trade receives more public awareness than before. Nowadays, whether or not the trade-driven globalisation conflicts with preservation of the environment and natural resources environmental is a controversial topic (Heywood, 2014). However, in this essay I will argue that promoting globalisation through international trade creates both conflicts and opportunities to conservation of the environment and natural resources. From an economic point of view, both world trade and environmental protection are important because they are the essential for promoting sustainable development, due to this reason it is possible to reconcile their continued levels. Hence, addressing the conflicting aspects and maximising the opportunities between them are necessary. After discussing the relationships, I will also give the relevant recommendations before final conclusion. To begin with, international trade can promote efficient resource allocation which is environmentally beneficial. International trade is...
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...Super Freakonomics: Short Essay questions Chapter 1: Describe the evidence that suggests that Chicago prostitutes engage in price discrimination. In addition, explain why it is possible for this particular instance of price discrimination to be successful. There is a couple of different things that directly show how Chicago prostitutes engage in price discrimination, the first is by skin color. The book directly says “Prostitutes do not charge all customers the same price. Black customers, for instance, pay on average about $9 less per trick than white customers, while Hispanic customers are in the middle” (p 35.) Another big one is giving police officers “freebies”. Some of the more high class prostitutes were able to discriminate even further by raising their rates on people they didn’t like, while still offering the previous rate to favorite customers, this is represented in the book by the statement “She grandfathered in her favorite clients at the old rate but told her less-favorite clients that an hour now cost $400” (p 54.) The last big one to mention is price discrimination for drug dealers, or price negotiations for drugs. Prostitutes are savvy businesswomen who know how to price discriminate very successfully to get what they want. Many factors contribute to why prostitutes are able to pull off such successful price discrimination. The book outlines the two major conditions that must be met to allow price discrimination to be possible in business, customers...
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...Artwork about Environmental Education Essay: Importance of Environmental Education There are many challenges faced by our government and ourselves in protecting our environment. Such challenges are caused by lack of discipline, greediness etc. The challenges that we are facing today to protect our natural resources are illegal loggers, deforestation projects, irresponsible disposal of wastes, careless use of products from natural resources, and other over produced products from natural resources. Hopefully if we will be able to stop this challenges we could be able to help preserve our environment. For me as a youth of this community, the importance of environmental education is that you will be able to learn about the things that can happen in an environment. You will learn about the cause and effect of such things in the environment when such people do certain activities. Also through environmental education, we will be able to know the importance of our environment. This will show how humans manage their behaviour and interaction with our environment. As a normal citizen of our country I could help protecting our environment in my own simple ways like : proper segregation of garbages, recycling things, help in community services, using paper instead of plastics for containers, and lastly by conserving energy. With proper disposal of garbage we can minimize the volume of wastes in our community thus helps us prevent air and water pollution. If we recycle things we...
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...fundamental necessities that keep us in this institution will not be limited because of budget constraints. We are facing this funding crisis due the rising cost of living fueled by skyrocketing inflation at time period nationwide. It is also because of the budgeting cutbacks that were experienced in the national budget due to the same circumstance. We are actually facing a budget reduction of 25% this year. However, this institution strives to provide essential goods and services despite the financial changes at time period. We therefore call upon every to corporate with the administration and management in ensuring that we engage in will recycling programs that will help same money. Your participation in corporate in waste management by ensuring waste is deposited in the right place helps in saving a lot of funds which could have been spent in collecting and disposing. We would want to reduce departmental cost within infringing on your personal rights and space. Everyone is entitled good working conditions and that will remain a priority in this institution. Conclusion In conclusion, cooperation with the administration and that institutions on some of the plans the will be undertaken during this period is what is more important. I call on all of your to cooperate in making sure that...
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...Corporation. Specifically, “The degree of knowledge necessary for a conviction under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 6928(d)(1), unlawful transportation of hazardous waste” (Openjurist, 2011). This essay will serve to explain the facts and parties involved with this case as well as possible implications the ruling with have on business practices. The Hayes International Corporation operates an airplane refurbishing plant in Birmingham, Alabama. Through the processes of the business, Hayes generates certain waste products; two of the waste products are relevant to this case. During the refurbishing process, Hayes is required to drain the fuel from the planes so they may work on them safely. Additionally, Hayes employs the use of solvents to clean the paint guns and lines which it uses to paint planes, generating a mix of paint and solvents. Hayes employee L. H. Beasley orally agreed with Jack Hurt an employee of Performance Advantage Inc to haul the wastes for Hayes. In this verbal agreement, Mr. Hurt agreed to pay Mr. Beasley and the Hayes Corporation twenty cents per gallon for the drained jet fuel which Advantage Performance would haul away. An additional agreement was made; Mr. Hurt at no additional cost would remove the paint and solvent mix of waste, all of this agreement was made orally. Between January 1981 and March 1982, wastes were transported from Hayes to Performance Advantage on eight occasions. “Beginning in August 1982, government officials...
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...under the Occupational health and safety Act (2004) to provide a safe work place by training the staff the infection control procedures, instructing them to use the right equipment or techniques to prevent infections from spreading over. Every health worker plays a big role to minimise the transmission of infection by following the workplace infection control procedures. Standard precaution, additional precaution, sharp safety, exposure policy, staff vaccination, single use policy and waste management policy are a principle that break the chain of infection. This essay outlines the concept of occupational health and the control measure implemented to prevent such infection. Berman et all. (2012) states that Standard precaution is work practice required technique to be used by healthcare workers to minimise the spread of micro-organism. Standard precaution includes good hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment(PPE), appropriate handling and disposal of sharps and other contaminate waste, and use of aseptic techniques. Berman et all. (2012) describes that hygiene is widely recognised to be the single most effective activity for minimising the transmission of infections.An inappropriate techniques when washing hands can lead the areas of the hands to still be contaminated by micro-organisms therefor, its very important to...
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...each day. These numbers do not add when the national death toll is calculated and therefore goes unnoticed. The large number of these deaths calls for interventions. Currently, a debate is ongoing regarding the burial/disposal of these babies’ bodies (Venter, 2013). This essay aims to highlight both ends of the debate regarding whether stillborn babies should be regarded as medical waste. South Africa has come a long way in terms of democracy and equality. Yet, in the medical field it seems that an almost backward form of thinking is taking place. Calls to implement a standard way of disposing stillborn babies are underway. Professionals within the field find that it is more suitable to regard these bodies as biomedical waste rather than actually as a human corpse. Modiba (1998) looks at experiences of mothers who had stillborn babies. Through this, we see that mothers have a need for closure. The argument of many is that the child has not actually been born...
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