...Final Paper Theory of Democratic Peace The idea of democratic peace was brought up in the enlightened era. The theory of democratic peace was based off of Immanuel Kant’s “Perpetual Peace.” The theory of democratic peace argues that nation-states governed by democratic regimes do not tend to have conflicts with other countries that would lead to wars. With this theory, it shows that nation-states with a democratic rule are more likely to not go to war with other countries. In some cases, this theory has been proven to be true, but in other cases it has not, especially with the United States. There are many proponents and opponents for this theory. Through this essay, the theory is to see if democratic, authoritarian, and totalitarian rule can coexist peacefully together, which will be proven either to be true or untrue. In 1795, Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, wrote the basis for the theory of democratic peace, which is called “Perpetual Peace.” Through his writings, it explains how countries can reach a perpetual peace and fit the democratic peace theory. In this writing, contains the preliminary articles for perpetual peace among states. This section includes six main topics to help achieve a perpetual peace. First, he explains that after a war there should not be a treaty with provisions for the future wars between the two nation states. Secondly, no state, whether large or small, should be controlled by another state. Third, countries should rid of the standing...
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...US History Unit 2 Abstract Our country, like every entity will grow and evolve with time. Even a single celled organism will grow and change through time. The United States Federal Government is no different. Throughout the history of the United States, the authority of the Federal Government as grown dramatically. Some may argue the necessity of this growth and some may even pursue a smaller Federal Government in their daily lives. This essay will explore four different periods of time that the Federal Government extended its authority. The Cold War In black and white, grainy letters appear on screen that say, “Fallout, When and how to protect yourself from it”. In the background, beautiful snowflakes fall, representing the nuclear ash that falls after an atomic blast. The scene fades to white, then transitions into a blast, accompanied by a black plume of smoke that reaches the clouds (Defense, 1955). Images like this could sum up the fears and emotions after World War II; the beginning of the Cold War. At the end of World War II, America was the most powerful country in the World. America’s intervention in the war effectively ended it. A major turning point of the war was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This marked the end of the Japanese Empire and the beginning of a new age in the history of Planet Earth. It was the age of the Atomic Bomb. In 1965, American Theoretical Physicist Robert Oppenheimer was quoted on national television...
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...the American International University in London 27th June 2013 Introduction During the 1980s and the 1990s, the world experience a period of democratic progress, times during which authoritarian regimes or political systems based on undisputed segregation came to an end. From the military coupes of Latin America, to the apartheid regime in South Africa and, most important, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, democracy has spread around the world. As successful as these events might have been, democracy is still vulnerable; the main reason behind this situation is the fact that, unlike other forms of governing, democracy cannot be installed by force and maintained without the support of the people. Competitive free elections, combined with gradual institutionalization and the construction of a political system which appraises the universal values of democracy have proven to be challenging to deliver. As mentioned by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, “no nation is born a democracy”, but democracy has proven to be the key success factor towards building peace, ensuring economic growth and development, consolidate judicial systems and protect human rights (Current Challenges to Democracy). This essay sets to discuss the main current challenges and problems that young democratic government are facing. While democracy, as a concept, has been widely analysed by political analysts, the events of the last decade have raised awareness of a potential...
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...Most of you probably know at least 1 person who is adopted, whether it be a sibling,cousin, friend, neighbor, etc. There are 2 types of adoption, national and international adoption. In this essay I will be defining international adoption and the pros and cons of it. International adoption is when a person or family adopt children out of the country. International adoption fakes strong transnational bonds: It establishes parental ties between an individual or a couple and a child who is a citizen of another country. For some adoptive parents, international adoption gives them a way to expand their families. For others, it fulfills a humanitarian impulse to care for a child who might otherwise face a harsh future. 8 months to one and a half years old are the most popular age range of when the children get adopted. Infants are typically about six months old...
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...ESSAY. FINAL DRAFT. By Anton Matiukhin. 24, NOVEMBER 1998. Международный Институт Экономики и Финансов, 1 курс, Высшая Школа Экономики. ICEF, gr. 2. It is obvious almost to everyone, that 1/6 of the land is now in deep economical and political crisis and the whole world is waiting to see how the country will emerge from it. Russia’s chaos was caused by economic turmoil and political upheaval. Economic slump on the stock market, devaluation of the ruble, a default on foreign debt by banks and government are parts of a climax and the general instability of Russia is worsen by them. These things sometimes happen in the process of transforming a country from a command into a market economy.www.russiatoday.com; Fr. Aug. 21 1998. There was a sharp increase in the inflation level after it has been brought down to as little as 5.6% a year in July. The prices began to rise fast and a lot of people were thrown far beyond the poverty level. The anatomy of the financial crisis consists of several causes. The first cause is the so-called “Asian factor”. There was economic turmoil in Thailand first and then it spread all over Asia: South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia in 1996- 1997. "All these countries and more have seen their economies wrecked over the last couple of years. Now Russia has its currency heading for the basement and is basically defaulting on its national debt". http://www.islamic.org.uk Aug. 39...
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...Essay Questions 1. How do the different actors in international system affect international relations? How do the different theories explain the role of these actors in the international system. The actors consist of state actors and non-state actors. Non-state actors and terrorism work outside the westphalian system and take power away from state sovereignty. They consist of terrorist groups, IGO’s like the European Union, NGO’s like multinational corporations. NGO’s increase interdependence and globalization. IGO’s bring about peace and spread democracy and war is not realistic. NGO’s even have the ability to remove state governments through public support and pressure placed on high ranking officials as shown in -----. They also have the power to hinder development of countries as shown in the Global South, but at the same time they provide many jobs for the economy. For state actors, the actions and decisions of states can effect profoundly the international because of polarity, hegemony, and economy. The Liberalist view would see non-state actors as a positive because they are bringing countries allowing them to work together through institutions increasing interdependence and globalization. Realists would say that these non-state actors are only out for self interest in profit and will use up resources taking advantage of wages whenever possible. Constructivist view would see terrorist groups specifically as falling under Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations...
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...there. Multilateral as well as Bilateral arrangements, and economic and energy leverages combined with cultural instructions are widely implemented in order to maintain Russian influence in Central Asia. Considering the fact that states in the region most importantly though not solely Kazakhstan, have begun to search for diversification and partnership with other great powers, they have gained a certain degree of independence from Moscow. Besides, in recent years China has emerged in Central Asia as an important rival to Russia in terms of influence, and has already established multiple agreements and investments with all of the states in the region. The degree of independence that Central Asian states have managed to gain due to their conviction to act separately from Moscow and to grab Western opportunities, as well as the Chinese presence in the region, suggest that Russian influence there is decreasing and will continue to do so in the near future. Russia has not lost its ambition to remain the main player in Central Asia, which is seen as a priority for its regional security, and besides the opposition both from the regional states and...
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...in the 110th Congress proposed legislation calling for the establishment of a Department of Peace and Non-Violence. The legislation covered a myriad of topics relating to peace and non-violence, but for the purpose of this essay only the area of international relations will be examined. “We are in a new millennium, and the time has come to review the age-old challenges with new thinking wherein we can conceive pf peace as not simply the absence of violence, but the active presence of the capacity for a higher evolution of the human awareness, of respect, trust, and integrity; wherein we all may tap the infinite capabilities of humanity to transform consciousness and conditions which impel or compel violence at a personal, group, or national level toward developing a new understanding of, and a commitment to, compassion and love, in order to create a “shining city on a hill”, a light of which is the light of nations”.[1] The Department of Peace and Nonviolence would consist of a Secretary who would be appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. The department would be staffed by six Assistant Secretaries and one General Counsel who would also be appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate. For the purpose of this essay three roles will be examined; that of the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary of International Peace Activities, and the Secretary for Arms Control and Disarmament. Again the legislation covers myriad of topics relating to peace...
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...Morgenthau described a status quo power as one that favours and aims to maintain “the distribution of power as it exists at a particular moment in history”,. Similarly, proponents of power transition theory use the concept of the “rules of the game” regarding nations’ power relations to define status quo and revisionist states, the latter desiring to “redraft the rules” out of a “general dissatisfaction” with their share in the system. Randall Schweller furthers this point by adding military force as a requisite of such ambitions to amend the status quo. For the purpose of this essay, whether a power is status quo or revisionist will be determined by whether its policies aim at acquiring a new power order in its favour. Using this yardstick, this essay will elaborate China’s current behaviour and underlying aspirations to argue that it would be inappropriate or at least premature to stamp the country ‘revisionist’. I will also incorporate Morgenthau’s viewpoint on a status quo’s ‘minor adjustments’ into my reasoning of China’s policy to argue that what could be currently perceived as evidence of Chinese aggressive ambitions are not attempts to reverse the current power relations but merely manifestations of a self-defensive behaviour and natural adjustments in fair proportion to its multidimensional growth. I will first establish that China’s seeking hegemony contradicts with its Confucian principles and therefore is not reflected in its observed conduct of politics, with...
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...Internationales Management: Intercultural Communication 1 Outline Activity 1.a. …...……………………………. p.3 Activity 1 b. and 1c. ……..……………………p.8 Activity 1 d. …………………………………p.10 Activity 1e.…………………………………. p.11 Reference……………………………………. p.12 2 Activity 1.a. • Establish 3 new folders on your PC: • Definitions of Culture • Culture Models • Articles on Cultural Difference • Create a new folder in your “favorites” called Culture. • Next, search your literature and the Internet (for instance, write in Google “definition of culture”) and collect and file at least 10 different definitions. • Discuss the contents with your tutor and select the one you like best. Definition of Culture There are lots of definitions of culture in scholar or public, in the book it defined:”Culture is the holistic interrelationship of a group’s identity , beliefs , values , activities , rules , customs , communication patterns , and institutions.”(Dodd, 1997, p.36)Furthermore , culture teaches significant rules , rituals , and procedure. Culture reinforces values. Culture teaches relationship with others.1 Culture Models This model demonstrates elements of culture composing a system.The inner core lies at the most significant level.The second and third set of elements are tied to the core , but remain an area for some degree of flexibility and change.(Dodd, 1997, p.38)2 Economic and Work Educational Technology and Material Religious Systems Kinship Systems Cultural Rules...
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...Democratic peace theory, in its wider interpretation, is the empirical observation that democracies rarely, if ever, fight one another and it is this empirical dyadic observation that that has been described as the “closest thing we have to empirical law” in international relations. [1] Although what is meant by democratic peace is contested, and indeed as its validity as this essay will explore, the theory has been previously under Woodrow Wilson and more currently the Presidencies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, a significant conceptual factor in the formation of American foreign policy.[2] Our aim is a democratic peace, a peace founded upon the dignity and rights of every man and woman. America acts in this course with friends and allies at our sides, yet we understand our special calling: this great republic will lead the cause of freedom. In light of this statement, ongoing U.S. policy and its likely persistence an examination and understanding of the democracy peace proposition is clearly with merit. This essay will look at the democratic peace proposition at a several levels of analysis: at the monadic level of interstate war on whether democracies generally are more peaceful and whether transitional democracies are more inclined to war; and at the intrastate level as to whether democracies experience more or less civil war. It will examine the validity of the proposition(s), reasons for is occurrence and postulate on what implication there may be for...
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...The International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund is an international organization that provides financial assistance and advice to member countries. This article will discuss the main functions of the organization, which has become an enduring institution integral to the creation of financial markets worldwide and to the growth of developing countries. History: The International Monetary Fund was originally laid out as a part of the Bretton Woods system exchange agreement in 1944. During the earlier Great Depression, countries sharply raised barriers to foreign trade in an attempt to improve their failing economies. This led to the devaluation of national currencies and a decline in world trade. This breakdown in international monetary co-operation created a need for oversight. The representatives of 45 governments met at the Bretton Woods Conference in the Mount Washington Hotel in the area of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in the United States, to discuss framework for post-World War II international economic co-operation. The participating countries were concerned with the rebuilding of Europe and the global economic system after the war. There were two views on the role the IMF should assume as a global economic institution. British economist John Maynard Keynes imagined that the IMF would be a cooperative fund upon which member states could draw to maintain economic activity and employment through periodic crises. This view suggested an IMF that helped...
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...Gene Therapy: Genetically Modified Crop Plants Coward Introduction to Biology - SCI 115 Professor Johnson March 4, 2014 Genetically modified organisms have become a standard rather than an exception in America. Since their introduction in the 1990’s, genetically modified (GM) products have conquered agriculture in the United States and hold a large share of the food on American’s plates. (Dupont) Everyone has been exposed to it whether they know it or not. According to the US Department of agriculture by 2012, 88 percent of corn and 94 percent of soy grown in the United States were genetically modified. The purpose of this essay is to explain what genetically modified crop plants are, to discuss the social and ethical implications and to provide my personal view point. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are defined as organisms whose genome has been modified as genetic engineering. Transferring a gene from one species to another to provide an organism that is transgenic or a gene that may be altered and reinserted into an individual of the same species are the results of a genetically modified organism. Genes can be introduced into plant cells by way of electric or chemical shocks, by blasting them. The most common GMOs are bacteria and yeast, which have been modified to produce medically important proteins which has benefitted people with diabetes. (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2013) GMOs or GM is used to refer to...
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...human security to flourish. This evil phenomenon is found in all countries… but it is in the developing world that its effects are most destructive. Corruption hurts the poor disproportionately by diverting funds intended for development, undermining a Government’s ability to provide basic services, feeding inequality and injustice and discouraging foreign aid and investment. Corruption is a key element in economic under-performance and a major obstacle to poverty alleviation and development.” Koffi Anan, foreword, United Nations Convention against Corruption, 2003. When Democracy and central governance was formed in ancient Greece, it was for the very purpose of preventing the powerful few putting their needs above those of the masses they ruled – after all ‘Democracy’, stems from the Greek demos and kratia literally meaning the power of the people. For peoples familiar only with autocracies and hereditary monarchies, this was a radical notion. Why then, in some modern democracies, has the word government come to be almost synonymous with corruption? Corruption in government is now seen to be an unavoidable consequence of humans holding power, and the oft-cited moniker from British Lord Acton of ‘power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely’ seems truer now than ever before. As the most publicly vociferous of all western nations on the topic of corruption, the United States is seen by many as a democratic model to strive towards, and yet last year a national...
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...History Leaving Cert American Essay Notes By James Esses Mocks.ie History Leaving Cert Revision Notes James Esses Page 1 Contents 1.0 Essay 1: Changes in the US Economy from 1945-1989 ..................................................................... 3 1.1 Boom (1945-1968) .................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Bust (1968-1989)..................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Essay 2 Consumer Society post 1945 ................................................................................................ 6 3.0 Essay 3 Foreign Policy 1945-1972 ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Berlin ....................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Korea ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Berlin Wall ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 Cuba ...................................................................................................................................... 10 4.0 Essay 4: How did the US become involved in Vietnam and why did it escalate in...
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