...the water issues and that had been proved by researchers around the world. This essay discuss the importance of water on human body, how the lives of people in water poor communities around the world are impacted, poor sanitation, health effects on people in water poor communities and opportunities for a better livelihood with water sources. In the first place, water is the most important element of all human needs to keep us alive and live normally. The reason why a human needs to drink water because our body takes up to 55 to 78 percentage of water to work functionally, such as metabolism, regulations of body temperature and more. Humans cannot perform actions in the best situation or live healthily without sufficient amount of water preserved, worse, one will face dehydration or death if no water is accessed within three days or lesser. In order to prevent dehydration, which often happens in summer or when the humidity of air is low, humans have to drink up to 8 glasses of water, or even more than that which highly depending on the condition of body individually (Carolyn O'Neil, July 2011). For example, women that is in pregnant or breastfeeding their child requires a lot of water to keep themselves up and healthy. Thus, water is very important for humans in all ages and lacking of water access may cause disease towards the body. In the meantime, plenty of countries in the world are facing poor drinking water issues and given negative impacts on the local residents such...
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...help the poor. According to research, major problems are affecting global efforts in eradication of poverty by increased the price of basic need, which the poor cannot afford. If this problem is going to continuously happened, the amount of poor will increase. It is happening in Africa and Asia, where millions of people die every day which caused by problems like hunger and lack of medical care. Western countries are defined as the country that located at western hemisphere affairs such as United Kingdom, Europe, Canada, and America (Worldatlas, year unknown). These countries organise various projects to eradicate these issues so that poverty can be solved. Global poverty is defined as a lack of material wealth needed to maintain existence (The Three Dictionary,2011). This essay will seek to argue that western countries are doing enough to fight global poverty. These will be referenced on the three areas of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, improving the supply of medicine to those in need and providing education to young children. To begin with, western countries are doing enough to fight global poverty because they are eradicating hunger. Western countries provide food and daily needs for the poor through funding or organization like Millennium Development Goals by the United Nations. Around the world more than 2.5 billion of poor live in grinding poverty on less than $2 a day (the UN Works for People and the Planet, 2011). According to the “8 Goals For Africa Campaign”...
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...Western definition since World War II has defined poverty in monetary terms, using levels of income or consumption to measure poverty (Grusky and Kanbur, 2006: 11) and defining the poor by a headcount of those who fall below a given income/consumption level or ‘poverty line’ (Lipton and Ravallion, 1993: 1 in Handley et al., 2009). Multidimensional definitions acknowledge that poverty is also defined by a sense of helplessness, dependence and lack of opportunities, self-confidence and self-respect on the part of the poor. (Narayan et al., 2000). Sen (1999) defines poverty as lack of freedom while another dimension view it as interlinked forms of deprivation in the economic, human, political, sociocultural and protective spheres (OECD, 2006).This essay discusses the issue of poverty in Africa from colonial period to present day. The paper also analyses the causes of poverty since colonial era, the poverty alleviation strategies adopted to deal with poverty and propose possible solutions for poverty alleviation. A plethora of case studies will be drawn from several countries to substantiate the claims and insights provides in this paper. 2.0 Poverty, colonialism and Colonial Legacy Poverty is attributed to colonial legacy and how colonial rule marginalized the Africans in economic participation. In Africa, poverty is attributed to the economic activities of the colonial masters which exploited labour, natural resources and expropriated the continent while there was little plough back...
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...ESSAY 3 HEALTH IN THE TROPICS STATE OF THE TROPICS causes of mortality. Improvements in quality of life through improved health are harder to quantify accurately at scale. Life Expectancy Life expectancy is covered in detail elsewhere in the State of the Tropics, and reports that between 1950 and 2010 the gap between life expectancy in the Tropics and the Rest of the World has narrowed. Over this period life expectancy in the Tropics increased by 22.8 years to 64.4 years and infant mortality reduced by 36%. The rate of change of mortality and morbidity has increased over the last two decades influenced by a range of different factors. Underlying life expectancy data are aggregated data, collected by the WHO to document the changing patterns of mortality. Table E3.1 provides the top ten causes of mortality in rank order over the last decade. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for two-thirds of global deaths in 2011 and infectious diseases for one-third. In 2000 the relative proportions were 60% NCDs and 40% infectious diseases. This rapid shift reflects the massive scale up in recent efforts to prevent and treat a number of major infectious diseases. Although improvements in maternal and child mortality have been made these still remain unacceptably high. In 2011, 6.9 million children under the age of five died, 99% of these in low and middle income countries. Malaria, despite the enormous scale up in control activities still ...
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... | 9 | Appendix A…………………………………………………………………. | 11 | Appendix B…………………………………………………………………. | 12 | Appendix C…………………………………………………………………. | 13 | | | Introduction South Africa has the highest rate of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome in the world! The draft South African liquor bill released on Monday 6th February 2012 will prohibit the sale of alcohol to pregnant women if it is passed. It is the first time that the South African government has proposed legislation to assist controlling the alcohol intake of women. (“Liquor Surprise for Pregnant Women,” 2012) But is this enough to meaningfully diminish the consumption of alcohol by pregnant women in South Africa? Within this context the following questions will be addressed: What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How is FAS characterised? How is a baby affected by Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How does alcohol affect the brain? What kind of role has the South African context played in FAS? Definition of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) The South African National Council on Alcoholism (SANCA) defines FAS as a term used to describe children who have growth deficiencies, mental retardation, and physical and central nervous system abnormalities as a result of their mothers’ alcohol consumption during pregnancy (Foetal Alcohol Syndrome, n.d.). FAS affected...
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...Overview Capitalism is the combination of many actions that provides the economic structure such as the changing balance of output, trade, income and employment. This is based on private ownership by means of corporations or individuals. There are many types of capitalism. This essay discusses two types of capitalism that are currently being debated in the media, State capitalism and liberal capitalism. This essay also investigates whether the South Africa is really state capitalism or are they using Major Private Sectors to socially develop the South African economy, being Neoliberal capitalism? State Capitalism VS Liberal Capitalism State capitalism is when the government takes control over the commercial economic environment. The government may own shares in a public company listed in the stock exchange, acting as a large shareholder. Another type of economic system where State capitalism would be involved is when production is owned by private companies and the state controls the credit and investment allocation. Liberal capitalism is also known as free market capitalism; it gives companies and individuals the freedom to run their own market and set their own price systems. Individuals or companies would benefit with their gains and face detriment with their errors. The government may intervene to control free trade and open competition by eliminating private Monopoly. Neoliberal Capitalism is where private sectors seek to maximise the political and economic priorities...
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...ACOM 115 ASSIGNMENTS 2 DISCUSSION ESSAY Topic: Iron deficiency anaemia is a condition which affects many women during pregnancy, in developing countries. Discuss the causes and effects of iron deficiency anaemia on both mother and baby. Introduction Anaemia in pregnancy continues to be a major public health problem and it affects more than 56 million women worldwide (Imdad, & Bhutta, 2012). The world health organisation estimates that 58% of pregnant women in developing countries are anaemic. The greatest burden of anaemia is borne by Asia and Africa where it is estimated that 60% and 52% of women, respectively, are anaemic, and between 1% and 5% are severely anaemic (Guidotti, 2000). Multiple factors lead to anaemia in pregnancy, nutritional iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia (Guidotti, 2000). Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is due to insufficient iron, without enough iron, human body can't produce enough haemoglobin, which a substance in red blood cells, so that they cannot carry oxygen to body tissues (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Yong children and pregnant and postpartum women are the most commonly and severely affected because of the high iron demands of infant growth and pregnancy. IDA in pregnancy can be a risk factor for preterm delivery and subsequent low birth weight, and possibly for inferior neonatal health (Allen, 2000). This essay will discuss some of the causes and effects of iron deficiency anaemia on both mother and baby. Body...
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...WOMEN UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NAMES : Nyaradzo Mudzana Edgar Muzulu W150766 Fiso Ncube Cherubin Mahova PROGRAMME : Master of Science in Development Studies - INTAKE 10 : Weekend COURSE : Disaster and Livelihoods Management LECTURER : Dr S.Mombeshora QUESTION Discuss the application of the Sustainable application of the Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of one African country DUE DATE : 10 October 2015 Introduction There are several approaches to disaster risk reduction. These include the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, the Ecosystem Approach, the Community Participation Approach and the Integrated Approach.This essay seeks to discuss the relevance of the application of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of Zimbabwe as a strategy of improving communities’ resilience to drought. In doing so, the essay will also seek to analyse if there are no inherent weaknesses that may call for improvements in policy processes and governance structures. Definition of Terms Disaster: This is a severe alteration in the normal functioning of a community or a society due to hazardous physical events interacting...
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...internationalization, increased borderless society and global market economy (Robertson, 1992; Ritzer, 2004; Wallerstein, 1974/2000; Zetlin, 2001). This essay chronicles a heated debate between supporters of globalization and those who are skeptical about it as suggested by the question that globalization benefits small nations while in sharp contrast these small developing nations find it as beneficial to developed nations. A plethora of case studies will be drawn across the globe in assessing these two contrasting views and in the conclusion a judgement will be passed based on the evidence substantiated throughout the entire essay. The assertion that “while promoters of globalization proclaim that this model is the tide that will lift all boats, while citizens movements find that it is instead lifting only yachts” means that globalization is viewed, conceived and interpreted differently by the rich and the poor countries are very sceptical. Globalization is not different from other theories of development such as modernization and microeconomic structural adjustment adjustments (Jauch, 1996). Globalization benefits the rich nations while developing nations are further pushed to the margin. Wallerstein (2000) argues that globalization creates a global capital system where the core countries exploit the periphery countries. The open market system or trade liberalization has...
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...CCMM515 | Bringing Along Change | Socio-economic Challenges of South Africa and Policies That Could be Implemented | | John JH Scheffer 22770933 | | 14 April 2015 Class Participation Assignment for CCMM515 | Introduction Since the dawning of a new era in 1994 South Africa has faced many challenges. Naturally change brings a long a new frontier and as one would expect many rough terrains. South Africa has thus far been a colossal beast charging through the constant strife of these rough terrains despite the constant lashing of its riders ever since it received its independence, however many fear the last straw is about to be placed on this beasts back. Current affairs threaten the future economic viability of South Africa and although recent assertions have been made to ensure the economic growth, the governments have done little or nothing to achieve these goals. Whether because of sheer incompetence, narrow vision focused on the past or the lack of proper management is arguable however there is little to be achieved by discussing the shortcomings of the government. This essay focuses on a more challenging viewpoint where the current socio-economic challenges of South Africa will be discussed and the policies that could be implemented to resolve these issues. The propositions in this paper are proposals that would be suggested for implementation as policies to resolve socio-economic...
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...hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being ill and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having the ability to go to school and not being able to read. Poverty is being in unemployment. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.” (World Bank, as cited in Lang 2007, p.31). More than three billion people live on less than $2.50 a day which is approximately half the world’s population. In 2005, the developing world had about 72 million children of primary school age not enrolled in school; of this 72 million, 57 percent of them were girls. Each year, 2.2 million children die because they lack immunisation (Globalissues.org, 2013). This essay will discuss the fundamental determinants of poverty with the two main contenders being geography and institution. It would also discuss the proximate determinants of poverty in Kenya. What causes poverty is an important question when trying to explain poverty, but it is not one which can easily be answered. These causes can be grouped into ‘proximate’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘fundamental’ causes of poverty. The proximate cause is the ‘nearest cause’ in the chain of causation, ABCDE. The fundamental cause is what sets the chain of causation in motion. The fundamental cause of E is A, and B, C and D are intermediate causes (Rycroft 2009, p.232). In order to design a policy to reduce poverty, identifying the fundamental causes of poverty is essential...
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...Globalization has indeed brought a lot changes in the International System which does constitute smaller actors like those from the third world countries especially Africa. Globalization can be said to be a unitarization factor of the world hence making the world look like one whole entity. Globalization has both positive and negative impacts to Africa as a continent. It is no doubt that globalization has promoted greater respect for human rights, democracy, liberalized trading, technology, and contributed to the development of African press. This has strongly opened African countries to far greater scrutiny than in the past, making life hard for African governments to get away with excessive and blatant abuses of democratic leadership governance and transparency. Moreover, the technological revolution presupposes the free movement of goods, information, and people across national boundaries. It has an effect on employment patterns worldwide by the contribution to a great deal of outsourcing which is one of the best organizational and industry structure shifts these changes the way business operates. Further, Globalization is changing organizational structures where expenses can move up or down as the business climate dictates. In terms of positive economic opportunities globalization is the establishment of new economic opportunities for corporations, small businesses, through the access to global markets. Kenya has benefited from globalization by increasing the share of exports...
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...My Account * 0115 966 7955 ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form * UK Essays * Services * Instant Price * Order Now * Essays * Dissertations * Guarantees * Contact * ECONOMICS The economics essay below has been submitted to us by a student in order to help you with your studies. ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Back to Subject Index 1. UKEssays 2. Essays 3. Economics 4. Analysis Of The Emerging Country South Africa Economics Essay Print Reference This Reddit This Tweet Analysis Of The Emerging Country South Africa Economics Essay In the following pages we will analyze the place of South Africa in International Trade. In order to do so we will analyze the background of the country, develop PESTLE analysis, look at the balance of payments as well as trade balance, examine exchange trade policy and growth rate of the economy. In conclusion we will provide forecast for country's development. Today South Africa's trade and industrial policy is moving away from a highly protected, inward looking economy towards an internationally competitive economy, capitalizing on its competitive and comparative advantages. From the period of apartheid, it has made great progress in dismantling its old economic system, which was based on import substitution, high tariffs and subsidies, anticompetitive behavior, and extensive government intervention...
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...Background & Development pg.3 * Similarities between Community Psychology and Public Health pg.4 * Limitations and Differences between Community Psychology and Public Health pg.6 * Conclusion pg.7 * Reference List pg.8 Introduction According to Perkins (https://my.vanderbilt.edu/perkins/2011/09/intro-to-community-psychology/) community psychology (CP) can be defined as the relationship between social systems and individual well-being in the community context. Thus, community psychologists grapple with an array of social and mental health problems and they do so through research and interventions in both public and private community settings. PH on the other hand according to Last (cited in Gilbert, 1995) can be defined as one of the efforts organised by society to protect, promote and restore the people’s health. It is the combination of science, skills and beliefs that are directed to the maintenance and improvement of the health of all the people through collective or social actions. The goal of this essay will be to critically compare and contrast these unique disciplines with focusing on both their strengths and weaknesses that define...
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