...hands of its adversaries. There are many methods available to an adversary for breaching an Information System security protection barrier in any organization today. One of the main goals of adversaries is to obtain data illegally from an organization or user. A data breach may occur when there is a loss, theft, or other unauthorized access to data containing sensitive material that results in the potential compromise of the confidentiality, integrity, or availability. “An information security program begins with policy, standards, and practices, which are the foundation for the information security architecture and blueprint. In order for an organization’s information security program to succeed. It will need to “operate in conjunction with the organization’s established security policy.” (Whitman & Mattord, 2012) This case study will discuss the legal environment for an organization, which includes policies, regulations, and laws. Also, it will illustrate how these factors impact an organization to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and information systems. Foremost, in any organization, confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA triad) is the model which is supposed to guide information security policies that are established. Policies play an important role in any organization. They “direct how issues should be addressed and technologies should be used.” (Whitman & Mattord, 2012) As Information security practitioners...
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...The term legal is defined as means based on or required by law, the term rational means based on or in accordance with reason or logic and the term Authority refers to the power or right to give orders and enforce obedience (Collins, 2011). Thus Max Weber defined legal rational authority as the type of authority which rests on the grounds of a belief in legality of normative rules and the right of those elevated to authority under such rules to issue command (Basu, 1994). Legal rational authority is the type of authority that rests on legally established impersonal order, rule of law and not humans (LeMay, 2002). Legal rational authority has also been defined as authorities found in organizations were rules are applied judicially and in accordance with ascertainable principles valid for all members in the organization (Prasad, 1991). Weber (1864-1920) was a German sociologist, who laid emphasis on the three types of authority thus traditional authority, charismatic authority and legal rational authority (La Verne, 1995). Traditional authority is legitimated by the sanctity of tradition. The right to rule is passed down often through hereditary. It does not change overtime, does not facilitate social change, tends to be irrational and inconsistent, and perpetuates the status quo. Weber states...
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...Identify the Effect of Business Environment on a Business Organization Contents Introduction: 4 Aim of the assignment: 4 Walker - Company profile: 4 Market structure: 4 Perfect competition 5 Oligopoly 5 Monopoly 6 Monopolistic competition 6 How market structure determine the pricing & output decision: 6 Market force : 6 Relationship between Market force & Organizational response 6 Impact of organization performances by various Types of market force 6 Cost pressure 7 Information demand 7 Customer responsiveness 7 How the business and cultural environments shape the behavior of a selected organization: 8 Business environment 8 Cultural environment 8 Objective of business and cultural environment 8 International Trade: 9 Production cost 9 Material 10 Extend market 10 Global Factor: 10 Political factor 11 Economical factor 11 Social factor 11 Technological factor 12 European Union: 12 Rules & regulation 13 Tax & tariff 13 Support 13 Establishing the rules of trade 14 Taxation policy 14 Employment policy 14 Inflation policy 14 References: 15 Introduction: There are many crisps company in the world, from them WALKER is one of best & largest crisps company in the world. It’s a UK based company who operate their business most of the country of the world. WALKER gets recognition through manufacturing crisps. WALKER contributed 47% of British crisps market. They are producing about 11...
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...Six Key Systems in Markets and Organizations Alfredo A. Brown MGT 5012- Dr. Bahaudin G. Mujtaba Introduction Markets and organizations are just like any other aspect in business. They have moving parts. Business is like a well-oiled machine with moving parts that create the final product. It is necessary for all the parts to be in good shape and working effectively. Without all six key systems in markets and organizations flowing smoothly and properly a business or business system cannot function properly as a “well-oiled machine”. Results can be quite dramatic based on the effectiveness and functionality of these six key systems; when one of the systems is off it affects the rest of the markets and organizations around it. On the other hand, when all six of these systems are working in sync and effectively, societies can flourish and advance in knowledge on a personal and organizational level. Division of Labor and the Mission System It is amazing sometimes to think why certain people have certain jobs and why those jobs are in the field they are in. Why is it necessary to have a CFO, CEO, manager, cashier, or even a custodian? The answer is simply, the division of labor. Just like the key systems as a whole, the division of labor is much like a machine with moving parts. People become employees, employees divide the labor, the labor results in a product or service, which subsequently results in value or profit...
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...DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANISATION (P1.1) Different types of organizations have their own business policies, structure, and strategies and so are their purposes. So, whatever the business organizations there must be some specific purposes for which the organization was established (Nordhaus, 2009). The major organization’s types are sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. The following organizations are analysed to find out their business types and purposes; a) Virgin Group LTD: Virgin Group LTD is a private limited company established in 1970 in UK. The purposes of this business organization are to raise the capital through the issuance of shares not exceeding total number of 50 shareholders. Here, another purpose of this business is to operate the business in such a way so that none can take over the company easily. There are some restrictions and legal rules for the shareholders like the shareholders cannot public trade their shares to others (Allen, 2001). b) Tesco PLC: Tesco PLC is a public limited company established in United Kingdom by Jack Cohen. Though the organization was at first established as the sole proprietorship company but it has been public limited company. The purpose of a public limited company is to increase a lot of capital through the capital market. Here, when the size of the organization becomes too high and the company has a good growth rate then it becomes difficult to operate the organization based on the sole proprietorship structure. So, public...
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...guiding the everyday conduct of professionals, and all those (consultants, volunteers, and board members) who operate within a particular business or organization. The everyday conduct of professionals becomes important when servicing consumers, and is known to directly impact the community. Because codes of ethic govern ones conduct, it is imperative for business to consider the effectiveness of such codes that are outlines in their profession. The purpose of this analysis is to analyze the code of ethics established by the Arrow. In conducting such an analysis, I will first determine what is to be considered based on importance, and why such codes are important, and a justification will proceed. After providing a justification on the importance of such ethics, I will then attempt to analyze Arrow’s code of ethics, by considering how the code will be implemented, possible reactions from employees, and the effects the code will have on the organization as a whole. System of Inquiry After much deliberation, the following will include a system of inquiry that will be used to analyze the code of ethics established by the Arrow. Areas of inquiry will include: the organization definition of ethics, people issues, consumer confidence, corporate social responsibility, leadership responsibilities/activities, compliance with laws, rules, and regulations, and the disciplinary actions taken when ethical codes are violated. Before analyzing ones code of ethics, it is first and foremost...
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...The Challenge of Breakthrough Innovations Table of Contents “The Breakthrough”…………………………………………………………………………………2 Dilemma/ Struggle of Established Firms……………………………………………………………3 Rules for Innovation………………………………………………………………………………….4 Building An Ambidextrous Organization………………………..…………………………………6 Conclusion and Recommendations………………………………………………………………….8 Reference……………………………………………………………………………………………...9 Appendix…………………………………………………………………..………………………...12 “The Breakthrough” One dictionary definition of breakthrough is: "a significant and dramatic overcoming of a perceived obstacle, allowing the completion of a process." But what really makes an innovation a breakthrough (radical, disruptive) one, rather than incremental, from a marketing point of view? According to Boston Consulting Group report, breakthrough innovations are defined as “innovative products that offer consumers significant new benefits through advances in technology, formulations, or applications or through more convenient packaging (Boston Consulting Group (BCG): A Disciplined Approach to Breakthrough Innovations). Christensen (1997) argues that a necessary condition for an innovation to be disruptive is that it “captures new markets in an original and unexpected way.” Academics of marketing literature differ in their opinion about a relationship between a significant new technology and disruptive innovation. Some authors believe that radical innovation goes hand-in-hand with a significant...
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...U07a1 Analysis of Ground Rules Celeste Green BUS4802 – CHANGE MANAGEMENT November 30, 2014 Dr. Mari Hadley Capella University Successful team following the ground rules I participated on a team that was established quickly to help 400 employees find new positions within the organization because their current positions were being eliminated. My role as part of the team as a Senior Recruiter was to provide training to the employees by helping them to create a resume, conduct a successful interview and teach them to search for a position within the company’s applicant tracking system. The other members of the team was Sara who also is a Senior Recruiter. We shared the same responsibilities except I had the lead role because I was the original one recruited into this role because of my previous experience, there was Russell who is a Talent Acquisition manager, his role was to help provide us with guidance and to keep the business informed on our progress and communicate to both us and the business the status of the project. Heidi was the project manager for the management side of the business representing the division where the lay-offs were taking place. Her role was to keep us informed on each group that were receiving their lay-off notices. We meet with her every week to go over the status of each employee. We had only 5 months to help these employees. The ground rules that were established were we would openly discuss the issues presented to each and every one...
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...Abstract Established morals identified by an organization is a vital step in the ethical decision-making process and ultimately its success. The development of a Code of Ethics is the pivotal point in establishing what an organization stands for ethically and morally. From business decisions to hiring processes, ethics will drive all of these decisions. There are multiple facets to the development of the Code of Ethics and there is not a one size fits all approach to the development process. Once the Code of Ethics has been identified a Code of Conduct must be established. Both of these aspects do not amount to anything if the people upholding the code choose to not act accordingly. A well-established Code of Ethics can build a strong workforce through advertisement and hiring. This paper explores the development of the Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct, and applicable hiring processes that guide a company’s vision and success. Ethical Decision Making and Hiring Every day there a businesses identified in the news that have been caught up in scandals. Those scandals are usually ethical violations such as misappropriation of funds, conflicts of interest, lapsed licensing, improper or fraudulent billing, sexual harassment, discrimination, safety violations, and poor work conditions. These incidents are direct violations of an organizations Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics serves as an important communication vehicle that “reflects the covenant that an organization has...
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...present in the business world. According to DeGeorge, “Morality consists of rules of human behavior and specifies that certain actions are wrong or immoral and that others are right or moral” (p. 6). Issues of morality are often linked to religion. Moral issues can have serious or immediate effects. Moral issues deal with personal values established by individuals’ upbringing and background. Moral issues are also dependent upon ones social background. Moral views are on a broader level than ethics. According to Shaw and Barry, “Business ethics are mainly concerned with morality in the narrow sense.” Etiquette can have an interaction with morality depending upon the situation. Ethics is refers to a philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness a badness of the motives and ends of such actions (Gale, par 1). Ethical issues generally deal with the breaking of laws and rules established by a governing board for an organization. Ethical issues have become more complex because of global business world and different customs worldwide. Personal ethics are based upon an individual’s particular beliefs or judgments. Each person has established a personal belief system. An individual’s belief system also can be referred to as personal principles or core values. The basis of a person’s value system is established from family values and religious background....
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...The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body whose purpose is to promote free trade by persuading countries to abolish import tariffs and other barriers. As such, it has become closely associated with globalization. The WTO is the only international agency overseeing the rules of international trade. It polices free trade agreements, settles trade disputes between governments, and organizes trade negotiations. WTO decisions are absolute and every member must abide by its rulings. So, when the US and the European Union are in dispute over goods, it is the WTO, which acts as judge and jury. WTO members are empowered by the organization to enforce its decisions by imposing trade sanctions against countries that have breached the rules. Based in Geneva, the WTO was set up in 1995, replacing another international organization known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Gatt). Gatt was formed in 1948 when 23 countries signed an agreement to reduce customs tariffs. The WTO has a much broader opportunity than Gatt. Whereas Gatt regulated trade in merchandise goods, the WTO also covers trade in services, such as telecommunications and banking, and other issues such as intellectual property rights. Membership of the WTO now stands at 153 countries (as at July 2008). China formally joined the body in December 2001 after a 15-year battle. Russia wants admission, but must first convince the EU and US that it has reformed business practices. (Daniels...
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...cities such as Makkah and Madinah. He also united warring tribes into one nation and on September 23, 1932 the country was named the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, an Islamic state with Arabic as its language and the Holy Qur’an as its constitution. King Abdulaziz set up the country’s infrastructure. He was well known for keeping his promises and being very honest which enhanced his stature as a leader dedicated to peace and justice. He died in 1953. His eldest son Saud acceded the throne. His greatest success was the development of education. Under his rule many schools were established including the countries first University in 1957. He was also the first Saudi monarch to ever visit the United States. King Abdulaziz created a series of economic and social plans to transform Saudi instructor and set them up for rapid growth. He also established the first public school for females. He helped established the Jeddah in 1971 of the Organization of Islamic Conference, a group of 56 Islamic countries that promote Islamic unity and...
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...World Trade Organization: The art of a little give and take Historical Overview of the WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) was founded in 1995 as the predecessor to the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The GATT was developed in 1947 on a provisional base after World War 2; it was not started as an international organization, but rather an inter-governmental treaty. Instead of being made up of participating members, such as the WTO, the GATT consisted of contracting parties. As stated in the preamble of the GATT-1947, the objectives of the contracting parties include ‘raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand ,developing the full use of the resources of the world and expanding the production and exchange of goods’(GATT, 1994a: 486). It continues by stating that reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements involving a substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade as well as the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade will contribute to the realization of these objectives. So in short the role of the GATT, was (and still is) to facilitate the reduction of barriers of trade and ensure greater equality with respect to conditions of market access for contracting parties. Through the negotiations made by the original 23 countries of the GATT, with additions of over 50 countries, came the charter for the International Trade Organization...
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...Tampa Florida. They have the ambitions to take their business to a country in South East Asia called Candore. The company the CadMex wants to business is called Gentura. They are well established biotechnology company. This company has over 25 years experienced into their business. This paper will highlight the many situations or challenges an organization faces while conduction business abroad. Other items that will be highlighted in this paper are: the issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions. Also some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business partner based in another country. Last, it will highlight how companies should resolve domestic and international issues differently. There are some issues that arise during resolving legal disputes in international transactions. The first issue to consider is the laws that govern the country. If the country is run by a borderline dictator such as President Arahi Gwendoz that took over Candore in a bloodless coup, the rule might be very difficult to understand. If there are no rules such the Constitution of the United States, there will be a lot of room for a variety of interpretations. Last, “International law has traditionally been defined in very broad terms and not limited simply to rules that are applied to settle disputes in court. Rather, international law is influenced by a combination of law, religious tenets, and diplomatic relations between nations” (Melvin, 2011...
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...daily problems. Ethics was developed on a wide variety of factors and are not the absolute rules. People build their lives from personal ethics; however many people find it difficult to define ethics. Some people believe that ethics is derived from the inner voice, which guides us through our daily lives. While others consider ethics to be innate; many feel it is developed as a result of our environment. Ethics involves how we treat people in terms of respect and the concern we have for their well being. Many businesses and organizations operate under a code of ethics, which was established to govern the behavior within that environment. A code of ethics is necessary to accomplish success or overcome adversity. If there were no rules or guidelines it would be difficult to hold one accountable for poor decision-making or bad behavior. Violation of the code of ethics in a business or organization may result in sanctions or legal penalties. Among the major fields of applied ethics are bioethics, business ethics, legal ethics and medical ethics. Nurses are licensed by each state and they are part of a self-regulating profession. They are responsible for their own work and have their own code of ethics. Nurses are governed by a set of rules and regulation, which were established by the American Nurses Association. The nursing code of ethics was established as a guideline to help nurses on all levels carry out their nursing responsibilities in a manner...
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