...consumer products, such as many components of engines, guns and even musical instruments. Whichever contextual application of this technology is desired and utilized, both ethical benefits and weaknesses exist. Multiple American companies including General Electric, Boeing, Nike, Honeywell and others have used this technology in manufacturing motor components, shoes, solar panels and other consumer products. Endless potential applications of 3-dimmensional printing exist for future developments. Interestingly, printing of meat for human consumption as an alternative to harvesting meat from animals is currently being researched. In 2008 PeTA offered a $1 million X-Prize style reward for the first group to synthetically develop such commercially viable meat. This is one case in which proposing ethical dilemmas exist, and the many alternative controversies this topic entails. Further bioethical dilemma’s and considerations exist and will be discussed in detail. Technology To fully understand any ethical dilemmas encapsulating this technology, a considerate knowledge of 3-dimmensional printing is required. First, we will look into the general technology of designing, preparing and yielding products. Only then, applications of bio-printing, and the corresponding controversies and ethical dilemmas can further be discussed....
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...Health Care System is not a job for the faint of heart. On a daily basis nurses have to choose between whether a patient should be left alone to commit, self-harm, harm to others or be place in four points restraint. This ethical dilemma can lead to several hard consequences. The primary nurse rapport that was built with the patient has now been diminish the patient trust no-ones and continues to decompensate. In my conversation with some of the patients in regards to care and treatment, proved that the health care system that was supposed to help and protect this population failed in such endeavors. This system was cited by many to be broken, cruel and misrepresented. One patient quoted “being in restraint reminds me of my miserable past, my stepdad got revenge by tying me to my bed as a form of punishment for standing up to him whenever he physically abuses my mother.” In my capstone project I will try to provide an alternate to the frequent use of restraint by designing and incorporating music as an outlet for expression. In this project I will try to show the effect therapeutic music and involving the patient in the selection process can reduce the violence, self- harm and subsequently the ultimate use of four- point restraints. Music is an ancient art that has soothed minds for centuries. Music helps people regain inner peace and is the voice that binds people together. It has been used to treat the sick since ancient times and frequently is used to offset depression...
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...Ethics Paper Abstract In today’s society there are many health care professionals who have to conduct group sessions. It is imperative that for the safety of every client and therapist that a thorough training in ethical standards are established. In laying the foundation for ethical standards it is essential to establish boundaries for what exactly constitutes group work. Many people within group therapies will have different ideas and opinions based upon their own interpretation, morals, beliefs, cultural influences, and personal experiences. Within a group session there is a high standard of ethical behavior to protect the members of the group, the facilitators and anyone else involved in the group dynamics. This essay will provide information about how group sessions are conducted, common ethical issues within group therapy and how these issues compare to those from individual counseling. Ethics in Groups Introduction According to Kemp (2010) therapeutic communities consist of having qualities of belonging, governance, communication, interdependence and participation and are known as groups or group counseling. Within group sessions there is a common issue that each individual are coping with. The group is encouraged by the leader to express themselves and give feedback. Each person in the group, including the leader, are to provide new ways of behaving and to tackle issues that an individual presents in a session and provide one another with an opportunity...
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...this may be true, one fact that cannot be denied is that stem cell research has led to many life saving discoveries in various sectors of scientific research. In regards to the ethical dilemma of stem cells, recent developments in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have made it possible to explore the applications of stem cells while avoiding the ethical problems associated with embryonic stem cell research (Seki & Fekuda, 2015). One intriguing area in stem cell research is the potential applications for them in the treatment of cardiac diseases. Studies have explored the potential uses for stem cells for the treatment of heart disease (Yamakawa & Ieda, 2015). Additionally, stem cells have been explored for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction (Rasmussen, et al., 2013). Stem cells and how they may be used for the treatment of various cardiac diseases is an exciting topic and has the potential to change future approaches to the treatment. This paper will examine the applications and significance of stem cells in relation to these common cardiac pathologies. Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and currently there are few effective treatment options available (Yamakawa & Ieda, 2015). This it is important to research and make state of the art treatments available to address this issue. The use of stem cells may become an option for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). One approach has involved the use of endothelial...
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...to what the field of occupational therapy actually is. Some degree of confusion appears to stem from what the term ‘occupation’ means, which consequently, coupled with unfamiliarity with the profession, results in a general misconception of the field occupational therapy. Occupation is defined as an “activity in which one engages” and occupational therapy can be defined as “a practice that uses goal-directed activity to promote independence in function” (Jane Clifford O'Brien, Susan M. Hussey, 2007). Occupational can also be defined as “everything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care),...
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...Liberty University Abstract As the world looks at the reality of communal exchange, thumbing back to historical debates of empirical and rational schools of thought, delineations from dualism to social interchange and collaboration refine hypothesis’ of undisputable truth. Reminiscent of the psychoanalytic movement with greats such as Freud, Jung and Adler, therapy, more of an art than science, and current day philosophies drive which models influence today’s truth. Reality is fashioned by language, how we feel, act and think, revealing “stories” we tell the self as contextual meanings. These beliefs now evolve one’s creation and truth. The therapist, joining in recognition of new perspectives, empowers and helps the client see that forward progress is strength within oneself. In a social constructivist point of view, the therapist detaches from the expert status of defining the problem. From family therapy and the multicultural lens, therapists now challenge cultural factors that, in turn, shape the client’s perceptions in the format of brief therapies. Keywords: brief therapies, collaborative, family therapy, social constructionism Postmodern Approach to Social Constructivism In the 21st century a paradigm shift motivated the field of psychology to unlock a fresh world view revealing the objet d'art of collective exchange. Referring to the modernistic creation of self, it is said that the anthropological essence and the search for truth is being reworked...
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...it contracts with the county government to provide mental health and substance abuse counseling. It is a nonprofit corporation. Rulan Wilson, the center’s director, founded the center about 20 years ago and has been the director and CEO since its founding. He is highly respected in the community and in the industry. The center has approximately 100 full-time employees and revenue of around $11 million. Nearly half of the revenue comes in the form of block grants from the state. Another third of the revenue is from Medicaid. The remaining revenue comes from the county government, insurance, patient fees, and a variety of small contracts with several state agencies. The center provides individual and group therapy, inpatient longterm care, psychiatric care, and recreation therapy. BBDE is governed by a volunteer board of directors. The board includes a county commissioner, a local certified public accountant (CPA) who acts as the board’s financial expert, and five individuals with backgrounds in behavioral health and mental health advocacy. Board members serve two-year terms and may serve for multiple terms. The members of the board nominate and select new members as needed. Most of the current board has served for more than 10 years. The board meets quarterly and approves BBDE’s annual budget and hiring plan and reviews the annual financial audit performed by a local accounting firm. None of the board members provide other services for BBDE, and the CPA board member IM A ED U C...
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...Ethical Maturation: A Journey without End Alfred Adler Graduate School Cris Roman Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Course #521: taught by Dan Haugen, Ph.D. The timing of this one-credit add-on to the course on Values, Ethics and Legalities could not come at a better time for me, given the imminent approach of the completion of my coursework at AGS and the necessity for me to make decisions about what I am going to do following my graduation from the school. In truth, the commencement of my studies at Adler almost two years ago stemmed from far different goals and aspirations than those I have now. I was neither a fresh-faced young grad student trying to carve out a niche for myself in a bewildering array of psychological vocational opportunities nor was I mid-career professional looking to make some course corrections. Instead, I was an older guy, arguably in the midst of some adjustment disorder due to the dissolution of a 21-year marriage and dislocation from decades of corporate work, looking to reconnect with youthful ideals and the sense that my greatest work lay in the service of others. Adler seemed the perfect place to build upon my undergraduate psychology credentials and perhaps reposition me for career advancement in an altruistic, as opposed to purely profit-motivated, environment. More importantly, it was a place where I thought I could rediscover a sense of purpose and start to piece together my broken...
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...1 An introduction to counselling Introduction Stories of counselling Paula’s story: coming to terms with trauma Myra’s story: being depressed Matthew’s story: everything is getting on top of me Laura’s story: finding the right counsellor What is counselling? Defining counselling The relationship between counselling and psychotherapy Counselling and other helping professions The diversity of theory and practice in counselling The aims of counselling Counselling as an interdisciplinary area of study A user-centred definition of counselling Conclusions Chapter summary Topics for reflection and discussion Key terms and concepts Suggested further reading Introduction Counselling is a wonderful twentieth-century invention. We live in a complex, busy, changing world. In this world, there are many different types of experience that are difficult for people to cope with. Most of the time, we get on with life, but sometimes we are stopped in our tracks by an event or situation that we do not, at that moment, have the resources to sort out. Most of the time, we find ways of dealing with such problems in living by talking to family, friends, neighbours, priests or our family doctor. But occasionally their advice is not sufficient, or we are too embarrassed or ashamed to tell them what is bothering us, or we just don’t have an appropriate 2 An introduction to counselling person to turn to. Counselling is a really useful option at these moments. In most places, counselling is available fairly...
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...A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND U.S.A. B.S. NURSING CURRICULUM In Partial Fulfilment of The Final requirements for the Subject CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ________________________________________ Prepared and Submitted by: ROTSEN J. JAMBONGANA, RN CHARMAINE S. DACLES, RN ANA TESSA SOLIGUEN, RN STEPHANIE VARELA, RN TRACY SARMIENTO, RN MICHELLE CAñA, RN PEARL DOLALAS, RN ________________________________________ Respectfully Submitted to: MRS. MERLE SALVANI, MN Professor MASTER IN NURSING University of St. La Salle March 2011 Abstract At the undergraduate level, individual college and university administrations and faculties sometimes mandate core curricula, especially in the liberal arts. But because of increasing specialization and depth in the student's major field of study, a typical core curriculum in higher education mandates a far smaller proportion of a student's course work than a high school or elementary school core curriculum prescribes. In the United States, most control over education rests with the various state governments. Each state has different laws and objectives for education, but the states generally permit schools and colleges to operate with considerable independence and autonomy. As a result, American educational institutions can vary widely in the type and quality of their programs. To maintain consistent standards of education, the U.S. Department of Education officially recognizes private accrediting agencies...
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...* Terminology Unit 1 * Mental Health- A state of well-being in which each individual is able to recognize his or her own potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to the community. * Mental Illness- maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individuals social, occupational and or physical functioning. * Anticipatory grief-when a loss is anticipated, individuals often begin the work of grieving before the actual loss occurs. * Bereavement overload- this is particularly true for elderly individuals who may be experiencing numerous losses- such as spouse, friends, other relatives, independent functioning, home, personal possessions, and pets in a relatively short time as grief accumulates a type of bereavement overload occurs which for some individuals presents an impossible task of grief work. * Ego defense mechanisms-defense mechanisms employed by the ego in the face of threat to biological or psychological integrity identified by Anna Freud 1953. Some of these are more adaptive than others, but all are used either consciously or unconsciously as protective devices for the ego in an effort to relieve mild to moderate anxiety. * Projection: Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person. * Undoing:...
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...Review of a 21st-Century Health Care Profession Prepared by the American Physical Therapy Association January 2011 Foreword The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) created Today’s Physical Therapist: A Comprehensive Review of a 21st-Century Health Care Profession to provide accurate information for government entities and the public about the history, role, educational preparation, laws governing practice, standards of practice, evidence base of the profession, payment for physical therapy services, and workforce issues unique to the physical therapy profession. As government, private health care entities, and provider groups pursue solutions to the considerable health care provision challenges the United States faces, it is imperative that accurate information about the qualifications and roles of specific providers, in this case physical therapists, be available to inform all entities as they engage in these discussions. APTA is the national professional association representing more than 77,000 physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and students nationwide. The association acknowledges and thanks the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, the national organization representing 51 boards of physical therapy licensure, for input and assistance with this document. © 2011 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. i | American Physical Therapy Association Table of Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Surgeon and the Operating Room Abstract The art of surgery has evolved significantly from the times of shaman priests in ancient Egypt and bloodletting barbers of Medieval Europe. This evolution was assisted by the development of new tools that were created as the result of some advancement in technology. These new instruments permitted the surgeons of their day to unlock new possibilities and develop new techniques, each more sophisticated than the one before. Due to the sensitive nature of surgery, moral and ethical obligations were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential but it is also accompanied by same ethical dilemmas that ancient surgeons were faced with. ...
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...In Social Learning Theory, human behaviour is explained in terms of a three-way, dynamic, reciprocal theory in which personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior continually interact. A basic premise of Social Learning Theory is that people learn not only through their own experiences, but also by observing the actions of others and the results of those actions. In the 1970s, Albert Bandura published a comprehensive framework for understanding human behaviour, based on a cognitive formulation which he named the Social Cognitive Theory. That framework is currently the dominant version used in health behaviour and health promotion; however, it is still often referred to as Social Learning Theory. The impetus for this special issue on HIV came from a discussion a few years ago during which we established a shared interest in a revival of the sort of scholarly innovation that characterized the early years of the HIV epidemic. As far back as the early 1980s, social theorists, cultural, critics, artists and others created a vibrant body of work on HIV/AIDS. Working from various theoretical and disciplinary sites they steadfastly emphasized the ‘social’ for understanding the significance of AIDS and opened up new avenues for critiquing and re-imagining scientific, cultural and social responses to infectious disease. At its best, this work served also as an impetus for queer theory, various feminist critiques and a range of research under the rubric of science, medicine...
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...Purpose: Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training is part of an effort by the University of Oklahoma to provide graduate students with superior educational opportunities for professional growth. This training has been developed to increase your awareness of ethical issues, to convey common problems in ethical decision-making, and to provide strategies for managing ethical dilemmas that may occur while conducting research. At the end of this training, you will have acquired tools that will help you in conducting research and managing ethical dilemmas. Contents of this Packet: This training packet contains materials that will introduce you to ethical decision-making in research and will be used throughout the training. Please bring your completed packet with all of the enclosed materials to each training session. This packet contains a number of items including: 1) Training Agenda & Packet Instructions 2) Ethical Guidelines for the Conduct of Research 3) Cases & Questions Packet If you have any questions concerning the training, the materials in this packet, or scheduling, please e-mail at prof.ethics.training@ou.edu. Block 1 3 Training Agenda Day 1 Registration 8:30 - 9:00 I. Complexity in Ethical Decision-Making § 9:00 – 10:30 II. Personal Biases § 10:30 – 12:00 Lunch 12:00 – 1:00 III. Problems in Decision-Making §...
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