...Ethical Influence Guillermo is also faced with ethical decisions as he arrives at this point of his business. He must account for all the financial data and mare sure they reflect the actual business. He can not focus on the short term goals and negate the larger picture . This can become and ethical dilemma later if he fails to accurate accounts the company’s financial status. Guillermo could risk a future bankruptcy is he fails to adjust the budget and margins as needed. Integrity plays a role in the decision making process. Integrity is not being measured in numbers but is indirectly related to the reporting of the financial standing of the business. Decision Making and Accounting Information During the decision making phase there is a need for analyzing different accounting figures. The key to determining the financial difference between alternatives is to identify the differential costs and revenues. (Horngren et al, 2008) The differential costs and revenues analysis is called incremental analysis. By examining all the relevant costs and revenues Guillermo can decide which alternative to choose and, therefore, to obtain the greatest contribution possible. The company will use the contribution to pay the unavoidable costs. The unavoidable costs will remain the same regardless of any decision, so the key is picking the alternative that will contribute the most toward paying off these costs. Depreciation, Expected revenue, and opportunity cost must all be assessed...
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..."Real leaders concentrate on doing the right thing, not on doing things right." As defined by Rushworth Kidder (1995), an "ethical dilemma" is not a choice between right and wrong, but a choice between two rights. For example, considering a bribe would be a "moral temptation"; deciding whether scarce resources should go to a gifted curriculum or a dropout-prevention program would constitute a dilemma. Dilemmas arise when cherished values conflict. A principal who values both teacher autonomy and student achievement will face a dilemma when teachers want to enact a policy that lowers expectations. This kind of conflict is heightened because school leaders are public officials with obligations to many people who often have competing values or interests.Leaders' moral duty expresses itself not only in the obvious day-to-day ethical dilemmas, but in the mundane policies and structures that may have hidden ethical implications. Robert Starratt (1991) notes that every social arrangement benefits some people at the expense of others; simply to assume that schools embody desirable standards is "ethically naive, if not culpable." Thus, the principal must not only behave responsibly as an individual, but must create an ethical institution. As leaders, principals have a special responsibility to exercise authority in an ethical way. Greenfield points out that much of a principal's authority is moral; that is, teachers must be convinced that the principal's point of view reflects values...
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...amount of discussion and research on ethical leadership is increasing as people become more cynical about the motives, competence, and integrity of business and political leaders. Conceptions of ethical leadership include nurturing followers, empowering them, and promoting social justice. Ethical leadership includes efforts to encourage • Set an example in your own behavior of appreciation for diversity. • Encourage respect for individual differences. • Promote understanding of different values, beliefs, and traditions. • Explain the benefits of diversity for the team or organization. • Encourage and support others who promote tolerance of diversity. • Discourage use of stereotypes to describe people. • Identify biased beliefs and role expectations for women or minorities. • Challenge people who make prejudiced comments. • Speak out to protest against unfair treatment based on prejudice. • Take disciplinary action to stop harassment of women or minorities. CHAPTER 14 Ethical Leadership and Diversity 437 ethical behavior as well as efforts to stop unethical practices. Ethical leaders seek to build mutual trust and respect among diverse followers and to find integrative solutions to conflicts among stakeholders with competing interests. Such leaders do not foster distrust or play favorites to gain more power or achieve personal objectives. Determinants of ethical behavior by a leader include situational influences and aspects of leader personality such...
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...Management School, University of Sheffield, UK ABSTRACT The ‘attitude–behaviour gap’ or ‘values–action gap’ is where 30% of consumers report that they are very concerned about environmental issues but they are struggling to translate this into purchases. For example, the market share for ethical foods remains at 5 per cent of sales. This paper investigates the purchasing process for green consumers in relation to consumer technology products in the UK. Data were collected from 81 self-declared green consumers through in depth interviews on recent purchases of technology products. A green consumer purchasing model and success criteria for closing the gap between green consumers’ values and their behaviour are developed. The paper concludes that incentives and single issue labels (like the current energy rating label) would help consumers concentrate their limited efforts. More fundamentally, ‘being green’ needs time and space in people’s lives that is not available in increasingly busy lifestyles. Implications for policy and business are proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. Received 12 December 2007; revised 30 June 2008; accepted 4 July 2008 Keywords: ethical; green; environmental; sustainable; consumer; purchase; consumption; behaviour Introduction VERY...
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...FOUNDATION DEGREE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENTETHICS, LEADERSHIP AND INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREHS4501-40Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To STUDENT ID: 213599 06/05/2011 WORD COUNT 3,606 | | Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To | | This essay will discuss the importance of quality leadership, the diversities between leadership and management within health and social care and explain the ethical frame work leaders of services should adhere to. Every organization strives to be successful regardless of the type of business it conducts; no organization can be fully successful and productive without good quality leadership. Haris and Ogbonna (2000) discovered that although leadership may not completely affect the organisations achievement, the quality of leadership does affect the workers of the organisation who in turn have a substantial affect on the organiation. (cited in Haracre, et al 2011) If workers are contented and without stress in their work they will be more likely to be enthuiastic...
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...interacting with the needs of the people developing into their own. Communities are influenced by environment, political climate, and economy. We watch Antwone Fisher dream of his perfect family, and the need he has to make a connection with his past. However, the journey he goes through with the help of his Psychiatrist, Dr. Davenport and his girl friend Cheryl, is trying, sometimes turbulent, and full of pit-falls. Antwone reaches his own epiphany when he learns who he is, meets his family, and is able to trust others while overcoming his fear of rejection and abandonment. As I watched the events unfold through Antwone’s eyes, I asked myself what specific influences kept him from turning to violence and crime on the streets. I find those answers by carefully examining the progression of events, Antwone’s choices, positive influences, as well as looking at the meaning and symbolism behind the scenes. The first scene of Antwone Fisher sets the tone for the character development throughout the movie. Antwone stands in the middle of a vast field of hay and looks upon a white barn. The doors open and standing before him is a welcoming male figure extending his hand towards Antwone. No words are exchanged, but Antwone knows that now harm will come to him today. He walks through and another hand extends towards him: that of a woman. She has a warm smile and shows him to a...
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...define ethics in leadership, we must first define leadership. Leadership is defined as “an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes” (Daft, 2011, p.5). A dynamic leader operates with a high sense of ethics, integrity, and possesses high moral standards. True leaders have an appreciation for learning, take risks, and understand the importance of change and when it is necessary. Leadership, in a sense, is never a finished product, but rather, it is an ongoing process that continuously needs refinement. Leaders are aware of what they value and recognize the importance of ethical behavior. “Leaders come in all shapes and sizes but all good leaders possess leadership style and actions that exhibit both their values and their ethics” (Daft, 2011, p.6). Since we have defined leadership as the “influence relationship among leaders and followers, ethical leadership is about leaders trying to influence people to act in an ethical manner” (Daft, 2011, p.5). Some believe that ethical leadership is only a matter of leaders having good character. By being a person of strong character and having the right values, an ethical leader can use these characteristics to set an example for others. Without taking anything away from those characteristics, the reality of ethical leadership is far more complex. Ethical leaders embody the purpose, vision, and values of an organization and of its followers....
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...recent years, there are many corporate ethics scandals, which raised significant enquires about the roles of leadership in shaping ethical conduct (Brown, Trevino & Harrison 2005). Leaders by nature are responsible for motivating their subordinates to carry out a task or to behave in a certain manner. According to Starratt (2005), ethical leadership requires ethical leaders, as it is believed that how the leaders conduct themselves have direct impact to the organization in terms of organizational culture and employee values. Also mentioned by Resick et al. (2006), ethical leadership focuses on how leaders use their social power in decision-making, influencing others as well as the actions they engage in. Therefore, if leaders are ethical, they can maintain high level of ethical awareness and ensure that ethical practices are carried out throughout the organization. Often, ethical leaders display a high level of integrity that is important to stimulate a sense of leadership trustworthiness. These factors provide the foundation for personal characteristics, which directly impact a leader’s ethical beliefs, values, and decisions. However, studies also show that leadership integrity only accounts for one minor portion of a person’s trait. In this essay, we attempt to provide insights and discuss ethical leadership and also attempt to prove that ethical leader is mostly about leadership integrity. Moral Person and Moral Manager While production and profitability goals are...
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...future is about understanding the conventions, context, traditions and beliefs but is not bound by them. He influences process by inducing best practices gained through benchmarking, studies and observations. He stimulates change in subordinates’ attitudes and values and also tries to augment followers’ self-efficacy. He fulfills his duties and responsibilities stated by the organization at the same time compromising it with what is dictated by the situation. DOING WHAT IS RIGHT The ethical leader does what is right. He leads the way and inculcates fairness, pluralism and inclusion in the organization. No one is left behind. He articulates a vision that connects to the shared experiences of the members of the organization. He live with integrity and fosters the values it espouses. The leader also invests wisely. He trains future leaders and help those who have the potentials. He is not confined with the norms of nepotism and favoritism. Everyone is treated equally. The ethical leader also guards his heart. He does not allow his emotions to cloud his judgment and thinking. He also exercises humility. Fame, power and fortune does not hinder him from mingling with fellow workers and developing harmonious relationship with them. Despite his position, he maintains camaraderie with everyone in the organization. An organization led by leaders who are ethical and...
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... pp. 222 - 228. Kelman, S. ‘Cost-Benefit Analysis: An Ethical Critique’ and Leonard, H. & Zeckhauser, R. ‘Cost-Benefit Analysis Defended’ in Hoffman et al. (2001) Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality, New York: McGraw-Hill, pp 104-116. Class Discussion: A. Egoism Rank the following virtues in the order of the importance you think should be placed on them: rationality, integrity, honesty (with self and others), justice, independence, productiveness, pride, kindness, charity, generosity, forgiveness, self-sacrifice. What is egoism? What is the difference between psychological egoism and ethical egoism? Do you think egoism can actually be ethical? Why or why not? How is enlightened egoism different from other kinds of egoism? How might they differ in the kinds of behaviours they recommend? Some egoists, such as Ayn Rand, define ethically egoistic behaviour as that which will maximise one’s interests over the course of one’s lifetime. Would this influence the kinds of behaviour that this doctrine recommends? Will it recommend different behaviour than that which is generally considered ethical? Think of some of the business organisations discussed in our previous tutorials, in the context of financial success and its relationship with ethical conduct. Would their behaviour be considered egoistic? Are there differences between their successes and failures, between those perceived as ethical and those deemed unethical? Are there good reasons for...
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...Running head: CASE STUDY 48 RECORDS CHECK Demonstrating Leadership: Case Study 48 Records Check Lekyla Whitaker PSL5002 Writing August 12, 2013 Abstract This paper will attempt to discuss the relationship between ethics and leadership. Many people can call themselves a leader; rather it is ethical or unethical. Normally, the view of leadership has been that the main goal of leaders is to increase production and profits through motivation and leading others. Good leadership refers not only to competence, but to ethics and transforming people as well. Every leader is responsible for influencing others to perform an action, complete a task, or behave in a specific manner. It is believed that the nurturing aspect of leaders can raise organizational cultures and employee values to high levels of ethical concern. Ethical leadership requires ethical leaders. If leaders are ethical, they can ensure that ethical practices are carried out throughout the organization. Title of Paper Certainly, leadership is not a skill that is always naturally obtained. In my opinion, most successful leaders take training and learn through life’s lessons and experiences. The dictionary defines leadership as “taking others to places they would not normally go”. However, to personalize this definition, it’s my belief that leadership is the act of taking ourselves to places we would not normally go. Leadership can also mean how well we manage our functional responsibility as a professional...
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...organizations. The company will have 15 to 20 employees. Since many of our clients will be paying with funds provided by government sources, we have decided it would be appropriate to have an ethics program in place before we start offering services. A company must have an effective ethics program to ensure that all employees understand its values and comply with the policies and codes of conduct that create its ethical culture (Ferrell, Ferrell & Fraedrich, 2008, p. 211). In order to develop an effective ethics program, it must contain certain items. It must first have a code of conduct to establish what is and is not acceptable behavior and to set a general corporate tone as to how employees are expected to conduct themselves. Second, it should have a high level corporate officer in charge of the program. This will also help demonstrate the importance of ethics to the corporation. Third, an effective and ongoing ethics training program is necessary to ensure all employees are aware of what is expected of them. Fourth, a system to monitor and enforce ethical standards must be in place in order to hold employees accountable for their actions and lastly, it must have a mechanism to modify and improve the program when deficiencies appear. When developing our code of conduct, we will use a values orientation instead of a compliance orientation. A compliance orientation approach sets a negative tone, as it sets regulations and rules and the punishment for violating them...
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...data, ideas or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. We also certify that this assignment was prepared by us specifically for this course. Student’s Signatures ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Table of Contents Definition of Problems 3 The Lack of Ethical Culture and Stakeholder Orientation 4 Low Board’s Professionalism 5 Poor Trust and Excessive Emphasis on Marketing 5 Identification of Possible Action Alternatives 6 Analysis of Each Alternative 7 Doing Nothing 7 Hiring a New Board of Directors 7 Developing a New Code of Conduct 8 Developing a New Organizational Strategy to Reconstruct the Ethical Climate 10 Decision 10 Implementation 11 Evaluation 13 Conclusion 14 References 15 Case Decision Making Paper- Red Cross In a world of intensive competition and numerous marketing challenges, maintaining trust in the organization-stakeholder relationships is an extremely difficult task. Numerous organizations have failed to achieve the desired strategic...
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...BSHS 305 Final Exam Instructions: Indicate your answer to each question below by highlighting your choice. Each correct answer is worth .5 points. Please note that there is NO LATE PERIOD for the final. Your exam must be uploaded no later than 11:59 p.m. on the last day of class. 1. Which one of the following skills best helps the human service professional understand the client’s environment? a. listening b. report writing c. problem solving d. advising 2. Ethical codes adopted by a profession are usually based on the premise that a. the solution to every problem can be found in the ethical code. b. professions can police themselves. c. professionals can’t be trusted to make their own decisions. d. ethical codes will eliminate mistakes in service delivery. 3. The concept of “less eligibility” was introduced in 1834 to a. punish criminals b. limit the expansion of services to the poor c. promote institutional reform in prisons, almshouses and asylums d. emphasize the benefits of social engineering 4. Which of the following would be consistent with the medical model approach to delivering human services? a. providing parenting classes for pregnant teens b. prescribing antidepressant medications c. providing subsidized housing d. running alcoholics anonymous group meetings 5. Managed care has influenced human services in all of the following ways except a. requiring more case management. b. requiring external...
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...should follow a moral code known as business ethics. We are responsible to follow this code of ethics and should never cheat under any circumstances. Business ethics are applied in almost every business to ensure that a certain level of trust will exist between the customers and the business. Integrity, Honesty, fidelity, charity, responsibility, and self-discipline are some values that are considered as part of the Business ethics. We have to take responsibility and rectify this Issue in order to improve our image and our ethical performance Our priority now is to initiate a well implemented ethical program in order to improve the ethical culture of the company. Well, Building an ethical culture is not an easy mission and can take time, but it is not as hard as many companies may think. Everyone in this company should understand the meaning of an ethical culture, and what it takes to build one. This report will outline how to reinforce an ethical culture within the company and provide some specific recommendations needed to achieve...
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