...Burns & McCallister Mark Stone Ohio University Legal & Ethical Environment of Business -MBA-560-VC November 20, 2013 Burns & McCallister Ethics & Global Business Being a successful global business is a balancing act. It is easy to assume that what works in America will work abroad. Nothing could be further from the truth. Multi-national companies need to be aware of the unique set of values, customers and traditions of the foreign countries they wish to do business in. Some areas of international business ethics are easier to define than others. For instance when it comes to working environments it is easy to say child labor performed in unsafe and hazardous environments coupled with unreasonable working hours is wrong as it goes against the ethical treatment of human beings but is discrimination against women in business management equally as wrong? Let’s explore this question in more detail. The Dilemma The company Burns & McCallister has come under scrutiny from a series of reports by both the Los Angeles Times and the New York Times regarding their policy on female executives managing accounts in certain nations. This has been surprising since Burns & McCallister is known for their equal treatment of women. Working Mother magazine lists Burns & McCallister as one of the top fifty firms in the United States for employment of working mothers and by Working Woman magazine as one of the top ten firms for women. However, the dilemma...
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...ATTITUDES, VALUES AND ETHICS ATTITUDE Attitude is a person’s overall evaluation of a person, or issue. It could be favorable or unfavorable towards something. It is considered along with other elements- beliefs and behaviors.Beliefs represent what we have learned or come to know through experience. As such, they are either true or represent what we think is true. Example, that working on a challenging project would bring recognition in the organization or that working after office hours would affect health and personal life while behaviors represent the actions we take with regard to a particular object or entity. Example, whether one complete the project successfully or leave the office at 6:00 PM in the evening. In the simplest case, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors should be related but there are instances that the relation between attitudes, beliefs and behaviors is not very strong (Wiegel et al., 1974). For example, we might dislike studying, (a negative attitude) and rarely study at all (negative behavior) yet truly believe it will lead to success, yet rarely study. We could even dislike studying, be unsure whether it leads to better grades, and yet spend a great deal in studying. Hence, we can say that attitude is a complex cognitive process (Neovistas.com, 2004). Attitudes can be examined in terms of its three components: Affect, Behavioral, and Cognition. Affect consists of the emotional feelings stimulated by the object of the attitude for example:...
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...‘breaking bad news’. As this conversation requires that the clinician divulge extremely sensitive and personal information, and usually incurs an emotional response from the patient, truth-telling to advanced cancer patients is not only a challenging task but also one likely to be handled differently in cultures according to differing norms for interpersonal behavior and communication. China and the United States, with their deepset communitarian vs. individualistic ethics, respectively, typify divergent cultures. This paper discusses cross-cultural differences in norms of truth-telling to cancer patients, that is, the extent to which physicians inform patients themselves of their disease status when prognosis is poor; China and the US are used to illustrating potential differences in approach and consequent cross-cultural misunderstandings. In an increasingly mobile global community, in which information technology and telecommunications span cultures and patients are increasingly well informed, clinicians around the world would be well advised to become aware of the communication styles and expectations, and to make an effort to understand the norms, of their patients’ cultures of origin....
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...global market as opposed to its restricted economy of labour, capital and knowledge. However these inconsistencies are caused by the contradictory national and managerial mindset goes on to the confidence Indians have in their abilities and future. Bever et al (2005) found, in a study by McKinskey Quaterly, that Indian managers tend to be more optimistic as compared to the others, whereas in reality, it has been seen in only a few industries and corporations. The reason for these inconsistencies could be due to the history and culture behind the management styles. For instance, they are shaped by family dominance, rigid bureaucracy in government structures, and absence of professionalism in managers. Some areas that need attention are ethical indecency, labour laws and human resource management that should be attended. Also of equal consideration is the protectionist culture inspired by socialist economics, which was formed after independence in 1947, when the government-bred regulations fenced the influx of foreign opposition. It created inefficiencies and status-quo that triggered corruption and poor governance (Davis et al., 2005) However, evidence show India’s potential channeling into performance. This transformation can be fostered by the prominent global industries like software services, automobiles, bio-technology and pharmaceuticals. Ranking as the fourth largest economy, with GDP worth $4.06 trillion as of 2011, managers in these...
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...An Introduction to the New Global Economy and Strategies for Competing Globally APA Headings | Level | Format | 1 | Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings | 2 | Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading | 3 | Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. | 4 | Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. | 5 | Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. | 1. Introduction. Provide a brief focus statement about your paper and what the reader can expect. 2. Global World Economy. Discuss the importance of globalization in today’s global economy. 3. Cultural and Political Differences. Discuss cultural and political differences that global managers consider when expanding abroad. Are values and ethics different in each culture? Explain. 4. Going Global Strategies. Explain why companies are forced to expand globally. Discuss possible strategies for competing globally. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies and policies that firms use to enter foreign markets. What are the main factors that influence a firm’s decision of market entry? 5. Suggestions and Recommendations. Provide practical and specific recommendations and suggestions for managers and expatriate to expand in this country of your choice for this project. ...
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...the examples for each level? Surface level food holidays Underwater level economy customs Deep level value belief 3. How is culture transmitted? Both formal and informal Informal transmission occurs every day as individuals interact with each other, watch television, or read books Formal transmission occurs through efforts to socialize as an individual, such as in schools and government 4. How does culture impact communication in organizations? Culture has an impact on how communication takes place in an organization, what is communicated (e.g., only work related or including personal issues), and the manner in which information is communicated (direct confrontation vs. saving face) 5. What are high-context and low-context cultures? In high-context cultures, the context in which what is spoken plays a major role in communication and the behavior of individuals In low-context cultures, the information is very straightforward, and the context has less impact on how such information is likely to be spoken and interpreted Individuals...
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...affect the project. This requires an understanding of economic, demographic, educational, ethical, ethnic, religious, and other characteristic of the people for whom the project affects or who have an interest in the project (Egeland, 2011). Today’s projects have dramatically increased in complexity, which requires a culturally and functionally diverse mix of individuals who must be assimilated into an effective unit – a project team. In order for the project to succeed it will be predicated upon the effectiveness of teamwork during all phases of the project life cycle (Knutson, J, 2001). Therefore, it is critical that organizations involved in international projects take into consideration “cultural risk”, which, if not consciously recognized may lead to ineffectiveness and in some cases prove to be very costly (Sennara & Hartman, 2002). Therefore, it must be understood that the most crucial element in international projects is “culture” (PM Hut, 2012). What is Culture? “Culture” refers to a way of life for a group or community that practices and shares values and common experiences that shapes the way in which the group or community understands the world. These values and practices are learnt through social interactions and distinguish a group or community from each other. It is a learned way of life that is shared by a group of people, which includes their language, norms, values, religion and beliefs, social collectives, status, role in society, cultural integration...
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...Abstract This paper aims to investigate the process of buyers’ attitudes and actions and their relationships depended on the bargaining outcomes. How people differentiate their attitude as per way of bargaining. What all attributes which affect most a consumer bargaining behaviour. The most insightful question which this paper tries to answer “Is bargaining a consumer need or goal?” We tried to identify the "Is bargaining depend upon any cultural or social cause?” Gender, age, lifestyle and many other attribute which can affect bargaining behaviour. Is Bargaining depends upon product specific like apparels, grocery items, durable goods, consumer goods, daily use products etc. We try to give bargaining with 360 degree view by help of seller as well as buyer also. This paper includes both explicit bargaining and the tacit kind in which adversaries watch and interpret each other's behaviour, each aware that his own actions are being interpreted and anticipated, each acting with a view to the expectations that he creates. Introduction "Bargaining power of both buyers and sellers," "bargaining strength of deal making," "bargaining skill adopted by different gender" suggest that the advantage goes to the powerful, the strong, or the skilful. Bargaining is an art which is somehow depend upon personal characteristics and attributes. Bargaining is not a game where only win or lose situation, it can be an intermediate also. Bargaining is one of essential marketing process which have...
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...Chapter-3 Motivating Environment Discussion question 1: Motivational theories exclusive to the United States or more widespread: Motivation is the process of creating zeal among the individual in an organization or in group of task to bring an effective outcome motivation deals with three key elements which includes intensity, direction, and persistence. Intensity describes how hard a person tries. High intensity is unlikely to lead to favorable job performance outcome unless the effort is changeable in a direction that benefit the organization. Motivation has a persistence direction. This measures how long a person can maintain effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal. (pearson) The motivational theories fall into two main categories such as content theories of m otivation and process theories of motivation where content theories explains the dynamics of human needs such as why people have different needs at different time whereas Process theories do directly explains how needs emerge through deriving the process through which needs are translated into behavior. It explains why people behave the way they do .Content theories of motivation are universalistic theories and they are those theories discussed in this chapter which are not only exclusive to the united states but also more widespread everywhere. And those theories are described below: Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: This theory is probably safe to say the best-known theory...
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...THE KOREAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Cultural, Political, Economic Foundations Chan Sup Chang and Nahn Joo Chang Q Quorum Books Westport, Connecticut London Preface We approached the Korean management system from a cultural context. Although they share a common Oriental culture with other neighboring nations, Koreans maintain a unique culture. This culture, combined with the impact of the geopolitical environment of the Korean peninsula, results in a unique behavioral pattern. Thus, managers and workers in the Korean management system behave differently from their counterparts in other countries. The Koreans have accomplished remarkable economic success since the 1960s, and their management system has played a major role in contributing to this phenomenal economic achievement. Entrepreneurs, top executives, managers, and workers in the management system are all integral parts of the system, and they have performed their assigned jobs effectively. Therefore, to comprehend the unique nature of this Korean management system, we performed an in-depth analysis on its performance. The external environment of the Korean management system is a crucial factor in understanding it. In this kind of environment, the role of government is prominent because without active support from the government, no enterprise can survive and prosper. The government, in return, demands some favors from these enterprises, making this a quid pro quo, a unique feature of the Korean management system. We will...
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................................................................ 1 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Feasibility Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Economic Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Political and Legal Environment Analysis .................................................................................................. 7 Cultural and Ethical Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 8 Resource Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 9 SWOT Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Entry Strategy Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 11 International Generic Strategy...
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...particular society and culture in which he or she has lived. In particular, attitudes, values, and beliefs can vary significantly from country to country. Also, differences pertaining to religion, aesthetics, dietary customs, and language and communication can affect local reaction to brands or products as well as the ability of company personnel to function effectively in different cultures. A number of concepts and theoretical frameworks provide insights into these and other cultural issues. Cultures can be classified as high- or low-context; communication and negotiation styles can differ from country to country. Hofstede’s social value typology sheds light on national cultures in terms of power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long- versus short-term orientation. By understanding the self-reference criterion, global marketers can overcome the unconscious tendency for perceptual blockage and distortion. Rogers’ classic study on the diffusion of innovations helps explain how products are adopted over time by different adopter categories. The adoption process that consumer go through can be divided into multi-stage hierarchy of effects. Rogers’ findings concerning the characteristics of innovations can also help marketers successfully launch new products in global markets. Recent research has suggested that Asian adopter categories differ from the Western model. An...
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...FDI is where international integration moves back towards raw materials (for example, Toyota acquiring a tyre manufacturer or a rubber plantation). Common law system and how it differs from a civil law system Common law is based on tradition, precedent, and custom. When law courts interpret common law, they do so with regard to these characteristics. This gives a common law system a degree of flexibility that other systems lack because it allows the judge to interpret the law. Civil law system and how it differs from a common law system Civil law is based on a very detailed set of laws organized into codes. When law courts interpret civil law, they do so with regard to these codes. Over 80 countries, including Germany, France, Japan, and Russia, operate with a civil law system. A civil law system tends to be less adversarial that a common law system, since the judges rely upon detailed legal codes rather than tradition, precedent and custom which they interpret. Judges under a civil law system have less flexibility than those under a common law system. Factor...
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... T E D Visit www.custom.cengage.com/makeityours/knapp7e to make your selections and provide details on anything else you would like to include. Prefer to use pen and paper? No problem. Fill out questions 1-4 and fax this form to 1.800.270.3310. A Custom Solutions editor will contact you within 2-3 business days to discuss the options you have selected. 1. Which of the following cases would you like to include? Section 1: Comprehensive Cases 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 Enron Corporation Just for FEET, Inc. Jamaica Water Properties Health Management, Inc. The Leslie Fay Companies Star Technologies, Inc. Lincoln Savings and Loan Association Crazy Eddie, Inc. ZZZZ Best Company, Inc. United...
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...Chapter 1: THE DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT OF HRM LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter, students should be able to: • Discuss how cultural environments affect human resource management (HRM) practices. • Describe how technology is changing HRM • Identify significant changes that have occurred in workforce composition • Describe the HRM implications of a labor shortage • Describe how changing skill requirements affect HRM • Explain why organizational members focus on quality and continuous improvements • Describe work process engineering and its implications for HRM • Identify who makes up the contingent workforce and the HRM implications • Define employee involvement and list its critical components • Explain the importance of ethics in an organization. CHAPTER OVERVIEW The chapter’s opening vignette illustrates how Four Seasons Resorts and Hotels uses the Golden Rule to treat the employees as you expect them to treat the customer. While customers like to be pampered, so do the employees as evidenced by the Four Seasons being listed in Fortune magazine as one of the “Best Companies to Work For” every year since the list started in 1998. Overviews of today’s dynamic business world, highlighting cultural environments, globalization, technology, and social history evolution, set the stage for discussions about the implications to the HR field. These topics include: multicultural issues, global workforces, HRM technology, workforce...
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