...Assignment 4: Communication, Power, Ethical Guidelines Strayer University Outline the actions you would take to address major communication issues in a situation. Explain how these actions would improve the effectiveness of communications during the negotiation. Three of the most common types of communication problems are parties refusing to talk to each other, parties are not listening to each other, and when parties misunderstand or misinterpret each other. The actions that I would take to address major communication issues in a situation are (1) separate the people from the problem, (2) focus on interests, not positions, (3) invent options for mutual gain, (4) insist on objective criteria and (5) know what your alternatives are. First separating the people from the problem can help to separate relationship issues from what is important and allow parties to deal with them separately. Fisher, Ury, and Patton (1991) state “People problems, tend to involve problems of perception, emotion, and communication. Effective negotiation can be difficult to achieve when the parties involved have a different perception of the dispute. Second when negotiators are able to focus on their true interests and needs they can negotiate about the things that they really want and need and not what they say they want or need because they aren’t always the same. Parties often take positions that are created to oppose the other party’s position and when...
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...Option 2: EthicsGame Dilemmas ETH/316 Option 2: EthicsGame Dilemmas Introduction The project that was presented included the application of personal values in working through two different ethical dilemmas. In order to work through each of the dilemmas two analytical skill sets were used to come to a resolution. The first skill set involved the use of the four ethical lenses. The lenses include the Results Lens, Rights/Responsibility Lens, Relationship Lens, and Reputation Lens. The second skill involves the use of the Baird Decision Model which is a five-step process that gives a systematic approach to the resolution of an ethical dilemma. The five steps of the Baird Decision Model include: * Step 1: Be Attentive * Step 2: Be Intelligent * Step 3: Be Reasonable * Step 4: Be Responsible * Step 5: Be Reflective The combination of the ethical lenses with the decision model provides the groundwork to come up with, good value based, solutions to ethical conflict (Rian Brown, 2014). Mysterious Blogger The first ethical conflict that was presented was that of the “Mysterious Blogger.” In this simulation the Director of Information Technology, who is responsible for managing all internal information system functions which include systems programming, application programming, networks, and computer operations, is presented with an employee who is leaking the proprietary company information to the public through a blog sight as an anonymous...
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...Ethical Egoism We will be discussing the strengths and weaknesses of ethical egoism, but before we begin we first must understand what ethical egoism is and what is involved. Ethical egoism is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest. Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help others. Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self with no higher regard than one has for others as egoism does, by elevating self-interests and the self to a status not granted to others, but that one also should not as altruism does sacrifice one's own interests to help others' interests, so long as one's own interests (i.e. one's own desires or well-being) are substantially equivalent to the others' interests and well-being. Egoism, utilitarianism, and altruism are all forms of consequentialism, but egoism and altruism contrast with utilitarianism, in that egoism and altruism are both agent-focused forms of consequentialism (i.e. subject-focused or subjective), but utilitarianism is called agent-neutral (i.e. objective and impartial) as it does not treat the subject's (i.e...
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...Summary The amount of discussion and research on ethical leadership is increasing as people become more cynical about the motives, competence, and integrity of business and political leaders. Conceptions of ethical leadership include nurturing followers, empowering them, and promoting social justice. Ethical leadership includes efforts to encourage • Set an example in your own behavior of appreciation for diversity. • Encourage respect for individual differences. • Promote understanding of different values, beliefs, and traditions. • Explain the benefits of diversity for the team or organization. • Encourage and support others who promote tolerance of diversity. • Discourage use of stereotypes to describe people. • Identify biased beliefs and role expectations for women or minorities. • Challenge people who make prejudiced comments. • Speak out to protest against unfair treatment based on prejudice. • Take disciplinary action to stop harassment of women or minorities. CHAPTER 14 Ethical Leadership and Diversity 437 ethical behavior as well as efforts to stop unethical practices. Ethical leaders seek to build mutual trust and respect among diverse followers and to find integrative solutions to conflicts among stakeholders with competing interests. Such leaders do not foster distrust or play favorites to gain more power or achieve personal objectives. Determinants of ethical behavior by a leader include situational influences and aspects of leader personality...
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..."Real leaders concentrate on doing the right thing, not on doing things right." As defined by Rushworth Kidder (1995), an "ethical dilemma" is not a choice between right and wrong, but a choice between two rights. For example, considering a bribe would be a "moral temptation"; deciding whether scarce resources should go to a gifted curriculum or a dropout-prevention program would constitute a dilemma. Dilemmas arise when cherished values conflict. A principal who values both teacher autonomy and student achievement will face a dilemma when teachers want to enact a policy that lowers expectations. This kind of conflict is heightened because school leaders are public officials with obligations to many people who often have competing values or interests.Leaders' moral duty expresses itself not only in the obvious day-to-day ethical dilemmas, but in the mundane policies and structures that may have hidden ethical implications. Robert Starratt (1991) notes that every social arrangement benefits some people at the expense of others; simply to assume that schools embody desirable standards is "ethically naive, if not culpable." Thus, the principal must not only behave responsibly as an individual, but must create an ethical institution. As leaders, principals have a special responsibility to exercise authority in an ethical way. Greenfield points out that much of a principal's authority is moral; that is, teachers must be convinced that the principal's point of view reflects values...
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...observations. He stimulates change in subordinates’ attitudes and values and also tries to augment followers’ self-efficacy. He fulfills his duties and responsibilities stated by the organization at the same time compromising it with what is dictated by the situation. DOING WHAT IS RIGHT The ethical leader does what is right. He leads the way and inculcates fairness, pluralism and inclusion in the organization. No one is left behind. He articulates a vision that connects to the shared experiences of the members of the organization. He live with integrity and fosters the values it espouses. The leader also invests wisely. He trains future leaders and help those who have the potentials. He is not confined with the norms of nepotism and favoritism. Everyone is treated equally. The ethical leader also guards his heart. He does not allow his emotions to cloud his judgment and thinking. He also exercises humility. Fame, power and fortune does not hinder him from mingling with fellow workers and developing harmonious relationship with them. Despite his position, he maintains camaraderie with everyone in the organization. An organization led by leaders who are ethical and...
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...Abstract This paper discusses the importance of ethics in the business and the importance of developing ethical leaders. It can be said that in many companies, there are leaders who have not taken ethics seriously. However, it can also be said that many companies have excellent programs and procedures in place to create an open and trusting environment. Developing ethical leaders is key in the success of any company and the success of fellow employees. Many companies have created leadership programs that embrace the importance of ethics in the business environment also it can be said that everyone has good qualities that just need to be enhanced and brought out. These leadership programs are an excellent way to be able to define ethical leaders. Developing Ethical Leaders In developing ethical leadership it is key to understand ethics. Many leaders believe that ethical leadership is a matter of leaders having good character or having the right values. Ethical leadership is far more elaborate than just these few areas. Ethical leadership doesn't only take into account the leader, but also the stakeholders at hand. (Freeman, 2007) Embrace Values of the Organization Ethical leaders embrace the purpose and values that a company has set forth. Far too often leaders speak what is right but fail to do what is right. Ethics is doing the right thing when no one is watching. It's making sure that the company values are being maintained at all times and never been compromised. When times...
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...Running head: CASE STUDY 48 RECORDS CHECK Demonstrating Leadership: Case Study 48 Records Check Lekyla Whitaker PSL5002 Writing August 12, 2013 Abstract This paper will attempt to discuss the relationship between ethics and leadership. Many people can call themselves a leader; rather it is ethical or unethical. Normally, the view of leadership has been that the main goal of leaders is to increase production and profits through motivation and leading others. Good leadership refers not only to competence, but to ethics and transforming people as well. Every leader is responsible for influencing others to perform an action, complete a task, or behave in a specific manner. It is believed that the nurturing aspect of leaders can raise organizational cultures and employee values to high levels of ethical concern. Ethical leadership requires ethical leaders. If leaders are ethical, they can ensure that ethical practices are carried out throughout the organization. Title of Paper Certainly, leadership is not a skill that is always naturally obtained. In my opinion, most successful leaders take training and learn through life’s lessons and experiences. The dictionary defines leadership as “taking others to places they would not normally go”. However, to personalize this definition, it’s my belief that leadership is the act of taking ourselves to places we would not normally go. Leadership can also mean how well we manage our functional responsibility as a professional...
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...good of the Human Service organization, client and the community (Schissler Manning, 2003). Human services leaders are morally responsible for serving the community and meeting human needs (Schissler Manning, 2003). Although human services organizations are obligated to uphold local, state and federal laws, they are expected to advocate for change in regulations and statutes when legislation conflicts with ethical guidelines for the human services industry or with clients' rights. A Human Service leader must be proactive in order for them initaite change and make a difference within their organization or their community (Schissler Manning, 2003). They must be able to develop a sense of community within the organization and within the society to which they exist. Ethical leaders have the power to transform both the organization and their communities. The values and morals that they have and convey through their actions and decisions can lead to a moral and ethical workplace, which can contribute to a moral and ethical community (Schissler Manning, 2003). Moral and ethical leaders will protect each client's right to privacy and...
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...Broj 2 / Književnost i kultura / Tania Lewis - The Ethical Turn in Commodity Culture: Consumption, Care and the Other Tania Lewis - The Ethical Turn in Commodity Culture: Consumption, Care and the Other In a small courty ard at the Univ ersity of Melbourne, there is an unprepossessing, somewhat makeshift looking outdoor café called KereKere. The coffee on offer is organic, Fair Trade, Rainforest alliance-branded and sustainable: a list of options we'v e increasingly come to ex pect ev en in corporate café chains such as Starbucks. But at this café, customers are also asked to decide how the profits from that sale are distributed ev ery time they buy a coffee. As customers are handed their order, they are also presented with play ing cards that allow them to choose from a list of causes where the café's profits will go. The café thus operates in the spirit of ‘kerekere', a Fijian custom in which a relativ e or neighbour can request something that is needed and it must be willingly giv en with no ex pectation of repay ment. The café's y oung ethically minded owner sees this process as fostering ‘a culture that promotes community wellbeing'. At this café, the traditional economic ex change associated with the purchase of a cup of coffee has been subtly mov ed into other territories through the introduction of questions of gift giv ing, and of responsibility , care and ev en lov e (as we see here, the café's logo is a coffee cup with a series of hearts rising from...
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...Session 2- Questions 1. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of ethical egoism as an ethical philosophy for business managers? (Based on Business Ethics text Chapter 4; tied to course competencies 3 and 4) Ethical egoism is a normative ethical theory that assumes that people have a choice; that is, one is not always psychologically bound to act in one’s self-interest (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2013, p. 47). The idea behind ethical egoism is that the right and moral thing to do is look out for your own self-interest. It does not describe how people behave, rather, it describes how people "ought" to behave (Kang). While this might offer the egoist short-term satisfaction, it could make his/her life worse in the long run because if everyone acted only in their own self-interests, then a society might develop in which people lived under constant threat of attack (Kang). However, according to our textbook, an ethical egoist is not always egoistic or a selfish person. A person can act consistently with ethical egoism by treating people well, helping others, respecting their rights, and evidencing concern for their welfare in order to promote his or her own self-interest in the long run (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2013, p. 53). An example our textbook uses to show an advantage of ethical egoism is that improvements in working conditions for employees or contributions to the community can very well earn the ethical egoist’s approval. Since it can improve performance by decreasing turnover...
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...Introduction As the world’s population continues to grow and the middle class is on the rise, we have the issue and responsibility to grow in our ethical and sustainable practices in business. Conventional business models are no longer sustainable and as government regulations continue and the consumer speaks out against unsustainable and unethical practices, business will need to alter their goals toward a sustainable model. The main focus of business is of course profit but in order to make the profit, there needs to be standards that are in place to promote and sustain the consumer’s interest in ecology, ethics, and the economy. Specifically, business needs to be innovative and try to create their products with the minimal amount of environmental impact. In addition, the business needs to be liable for the ethical treatment of all employees including the employees of their suppliers and the sustainability of their suppliers. A company cannot claim to be sustainable and yet their suppliers are causing destruction to the environment or becoming wrapped up in ethical violations of their employees. The following will review the sustainability and ethical practices of two leading brands, General Motors (GM) and Nissan. General Motors is based out of Detroit, Michigan, and produces brands that include Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, and others. Nissan is headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan. These two companies are fairly different in focus. General Motors relies...
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...------------------------------------------------- Professional and personal ethics- should there be a difference? First and foremost I believe it is imperative that a definition for both person and professional ethics is established and then the question of whether they should differ can be addressed more comprehensively. So firstly, what are personal ethics? We all have them but so many people seem to be unsure as to what they really are. "Ethics is a code of values which guide our choices and actions and determine the purpose and course of our lives." (Ayn Rand 1955) If we continue on the road to understanding we learn that ethics are learnt and adopted over time. “Moral character is shaped by family, church, and education.” (Prof Kenneth Andrews, 1989) This clearly illustrates that personal ethics are not a generic set of principles adopted homogenously by all people but that there is are many differences between individuals personal ethics and what some people would say is right and moral, others would say is not, and others would simply be indifferent. Professional ethics, on the other hand, are defined as the ‘giving of one’s best to ensure that clients’ interests are properly cared for, but in doing so the wider public interest is also recognized and respected’. (Howard Land, Unknown date). The specific code of ethics that a professional adheres to depends on the line of work in which they find themselves and to which certification of charter they belong. It...
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...The role of Leadership in Organizational Integrity, and five modes of Ethical Leadership Components of Ethical Leadership. Ethical leadership begins with the way leaders perceive and conceptualize the world around them. Ethical leadership, organizational ethics, and social responsibility are inseparable concepts. They are developing concepts, to be sure, but inseparable. How ethical leaders relate to and come to understand the world around them involves judgment and action. These can be developed. In sum, the leader's role is to guide the human potential of the organization's stakeholders to achieve organizational aspirations in ways that liberate rather constrain their imaginations and judgment. Ethical leadership must, then, be effective, efficient, and excellent if it is not to waste human potential. It is not enough to be ethical in one's individual actions to be an ethical leader. To be effective, efficient, and excellent, four components of ethical leadership must be understood and developed: purpose, knowledge, authority, and trust. The relationship between these four components can be visualized as interrelated components, as described in the figure opposite. Attention to any one component alone is incomplete and misleading. * Purpose-The ethical leader reasons and acts with organizational purposes firmly in mind. This provides focus and consistency. * Knowledge-The ethical leader has the knowledge to judge and act prudently. This knowledge is found...
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...recent years, there are many corporate ethics scandals, which raised significant enquires about the roles of leadership in shaping ethical conduct (Brown, Trevino & Harrison 2005). Leaders by nature are responsible for motivating their subordinates to carry out a task or to behave in a certain manner. According to Starratt (2005), ethical leadership requires ethical leaders, as it is believed that how the leaders conduct themselves have direct impact to the organization in terms of organizational culture and employee values. Also mentioned by Resick et al. (2006), ethical leadership focuses on how leaders use their social power in decision-making, influencing others as well as the actions they engage in. Therefore, if leaders are ethical, they can maintain high level of ethical awareness and ensure that ethical practices are carried out throughout the organization. Often, ethical leaders display a high level of integrity that is important to stimulate a sense of leadership trustworthiness. These factors provide the foundation for personal characteristics, which directly impact a leader’s ethical beliefs, values, and decisions. However, studies also show that leadership integrity only accounts for one minor portion of a person’s trait. In this essay, we attempt to provide insights and discuss ethical leadership and also attempt to prove that ethical leader is mostly about leadership integrity. Moral Person and Moral Manager While production and profitability goals are...
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