...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR BUS568-01 Yuhyung Shin. CEO Ethical Leadership, Ethical Climate, Climate Strength, and Collective Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics Jul2012, Vol. 108 Issue 3, p299-312. Major Hypotheses Although there are a large number of studies on the Ethical Climate, it is still lack of understanding of the antecedents of the Ethical Climate or the relationship between the Ethical Climate and the outcome of work. Ethical Climate (EC) is the formal or informal policies, practices, and procedures of an organization. The EC of an enterprise determines its morality, value, and behavior, and then affect the ethical behavior of its employees. Due to the behaviors of the employees of an enterprise are impacted by same policies, practices, and code of ethics, they tend to have similar views of the organizations’ EC. Many scholars believe that the leader has a significant role in shaping the EC of the enterprise, but the key is to detect that how does the moral leadership of the CEO affect his business. CEO as a role model in the work environment strongly influences the behavior of the employees. In addition, the moral leadership of the senior leaders influences employees' pro-social behavior, and thus contributes to form an EC, and affect the company's ethical conduct. Based on the above, this study proposes the Hypothesis 1: “CEO ethical leadership is positively related to ethical climate.” Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is...
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...Running head: ETHICAL STUDY REVIEW 1 Ethical Study Review Trina Windfield Grand Canyon University: HLT-520: Legal and Ethical Principles in Health Care January 22, 2014 Running head: ETHICAL STUDY REVIEW 2 Ethical Study Review For the elderly, ethics deals with how they want to be treated and are allowed to make their own decisions. Family members who are caregivers on an ethical level have to always do what is right for the patient even when no one is looking. In this ethical study assignment, the patient is a 96-year-old male that has terminal liver cancer, admitted to the ICU with symptoms of confusion, underweight and underfed, along with bruises which are believed to be a part of the liver disorder. The daughter of the patient who is presumed to be the caregiver and a naturopathic physician insists that her father can be cured by her administering unknown substances which appear to put her father in pain. The daughter has insisted these are life-saving interventions. The healthcare staff is in need of some assistance on how to care for the patient due to their belief that the daughter is hastening the death of her father. The writer has been asked to assess the dimensions of the ethical dilemma that is at hand, discuss the issues that are involved and apply the ethical principles and the methods of ethical decision making. What are the Dimensions of the Ethical Dilemma? The healthcare staff has reached out for assistance in how to handle...
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...An Ethical Case Study: Jerry McCall Heather Sewell HCS335 November 4, 2013 Susan Kajfasz An Ethical Case Study: Jerry McCall The Jerry McCall case study involves a health care worker who is a medical assistant and LPN and b faces a legal and ethical decision when a patient insists on a prescription of Valium while Jerry is in the office alone. Jerry must decide how to provide the patient with what he needs while maintaining the law and his ethical values. Jerry McCall, although he received professional training as a medical assistant and an LPN, is not qualified to refill a prescription for a patient. According to New York State Law, LPNs are not allowed to work independently. The law “requires LPNs to practice under the direction of a registered professional nurse, nurse practitioner, physician, dentist, physician assistant, specialist assistant, podiatrist, or midwife” (Office of the Professions, n.d.). Jerry is aware of the rules and regulations concerning prescriptions and should not be intimidated by a pushy patient. Rules and laws are in place to protect both patients from injury and health care workers from malpractice. The law covers all medications because a patient can have an adverse reaction to even a common medication which is why all prescriptions must be ordered by licensed professionals. It does not matter whether the patient requests a daily medication such as a blood pressure medication or Valium as in Jerry’s case. The only legal way that...
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...Ethics Case Study HCS 335 March 2, 2015 Victor Gibb Ethics Case Study Ethics is a branch of philosophy in which human actions are judged to be either right or wrong based upon a person's particular set of values, when these judgments are applied to a specific profession than they are referred to as professional ethics (Garret & Baillee, 2009). Personal and professional ethics often overlap and sometimes the two conflict. There are also scopes that apply to professional practice, and one must adhere to their scope and not practice outside of that scope. This paper will explore the ethical and legal concerns related to a case of whether or not a licensed practical nurse (LPN)/ certified medical assistant (CMA) should call in a refill for a prescription for a patient/friend of the doctor he works for. Jerry’s medical training does not qualify him to issue an order for a refill on the prescription for Valium because prescribing medications is not listed in the scope of practice for LPN’s/CMA’s in any state. LPN’s may administer medications but prescribing of medication is limited to medical doctors, physician assistants, nurse practitioners and psychiatrists (American Nurses Association, 2015). Jerry could take a verbal order to renew the prescription from the doctor if the doctor were available to give that order as an LPN (Fremgen, 2009). CMA’s are also not able to prescribe medications and are not able to take verbal orders to for medications; therefore Jerry cannot...
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...Case Study –Ethical Issues Mr. Bailey is a 90 year old admitted with exacerbation of COPD. He is short of breath and has worsening pulmonary edema. He is oxygen dependent. He is alert and orientated. His code status is DNR and has a supportive family. He is very SOB when talking. Mr. Bailey tells the nurse that he wants to talk to the doctor about taking the O2 off and leaving it off so he can go to sleep. He shares that he is tired of being sick. “I know this disease will kill me.” Mr. Bailey’s family arrives and he discusses the above with his children. They openly discuss that if the O2 is removed he will die. The family is upset but supports his choice. The MD comes in and turns off the O2 and removes the nasal cannula. An hour and a half after the O2 is removed, Mr. Bailey dies. 1. Is this case unusual? Yes, he discusses that he wants to speak with the doctor about taking the Oxygen off, but there wasn’t a discussion with the doctor. 2. What is the Patient Self Determination Act? This act requires healthcare facilities that receive Medicare/Medicaid funding to inform their patients about their right to initiate an advance directive, and the right to consent to or refuse medical treatment. 3. Describe the purpose of 3 advanced directives (ex. Living Will, DPOA, Health Care Proxy) -A living will gives you some say in the medical decisions that must be made while you can't respond. It is the formal document that states your wishes for specific health...
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...Summary The amount of discussion and research on ethical leadership is increasing as people become more cynical about the motives, competence, and integrity of business and political leaders. Conceptions of ethical leadership include nurturing followers, empowering them, and promoting social justice. Ethical leadership includes efforts to encourage • Set an example in your own behavior of appreciation for diversity. • Encourage respect for individual differences. • Promote understanding of different values, beliefs, and traditions. • Explain the benefits of diversity for the team or organization. • Encourage and support others who promote tolerance of diversity. • Discourage use of stereotypes to describe people. • Identify biased beliefs and role expectations for women or minorities. • Challenge people who make prejudiced comments. • Speak out to protest against unfair treatment based on prejudice. • Take disciplinary action to stop harassment of women or minorities. CHAPTER 14 Ethical Leadership and Diversity 437 ethical behavior as well as efforts to stop unethical practices. Ethical leaders seek to build mutual trust and respect among diverse followers and to find integrative solutions to conflicts among stakeholders with competing interests. Such leaders do not foster distrust or play favorites to gain more power or achieve personal objectives. Determinants of ethical behavior by a leader include situational influences and aspects of leader personality...
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...Lesson Learnt. The purpose of lessons learnt is to bring together any insights gained during a project that can be usefully applied on future projects. I. What have we get from this project? There is good things and bad things that we have learnt in this project. Usually we only focus on the mistakes that were made. It is truth that we must learn from mistakes, but we also need to recognise what worked and make sure those processes and techniques that help the project succeed should not be forgetting and can be apply in future project. So the good thing about Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 (MRR2) route 28 was built by Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) is to connect neighbourhoods near the boundary of Kuala Lumpur. Next, MRR2 brought travel within easy reach since it is a long highway that no traffic light. The bad thing about this project is controversial issues such as beam cracks on the Kepong Flyover. The Kepong Flyover was reported to be faulty because 31 of 33 pillars supporting the flyover were reported to have obvious cracks. Next, the safety issues. Public concern about the safety issues at Kepong Flyover was due to the risks faced by at least 4,300 motorists using the flyover at a time. Lastly, due to incompletion of MRR2 for second closure has rose the traffic jammed. Without the lessons learned from previous projects, future projects will fall into the same routines and pitfalls that occurred in previous projects. II. Learning from Project Failures...
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...The corporate world is one of great prestige, earning potential, and recognition, but it can also be a world in which corruption, mismanagement, and failure can lead to devastating consequences, ending careers and tarnishing reputations. The AccuForm case study reflects the complex nature of business and its relationship to ethical dilemmas, corporate culture, and managerial competence and responsibility. With a variance in personalities, motives, and expectations companies such as AccuForm struggle to maintain an environment in which integrity is upheld and not usurped by individual greed or contradictory values. This case study illustrates the challenges within businesses and confirms the need for organizations to seriously and meticulously evaluate company policies and systems, clearly define managerial goals and expectations, and assist in the edification of the entire workforce. To understand the implications of this case, one must analyze the organization’s partnerships. Undoubtedly, the partnership between AccuForm and CreaseFree created a monumental challenge that clearly reflects how systems and culture can be a detriment to the productivity of a company. Entering into a joint venture was a very costly decision for AccuForm. The immediate challenge faced by the company was the obvious dichotomy of the business practices and belief systems of the organizations. This challenge was most significant because it was the basis for all of the ignoble actions that would soon...
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...CONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i) In general terms are you willing to take part in this interview: and an edited transcript of the interview submitted to Sheffield Hallam? Yes (ii) Are you happy for your own name to be used in the transcript: or do you want the final transcript to written up with a pseudonym? Own name (iii) Are you happy for the names of other people and organisations to be used in the final transcript: or do you want all other names to be content of this transcription to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam? Pseudonyms (iv) Are you happy for me to submit the final transcript without you reviewing it - or do you want to reserve the right to see the final transcript before I submit? Submit unseen (v) Sometimes the ethical dilemmas described in these transcripts provide real life case studies that can be helpful to show other students, and can provide rich data for research projects. Would you be willing for this transcript to be used in further teaching or research - or would you prefer...
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...Hoffman, D. (2004) ‘The Ford Pinto’, in Gini, A. (ed.) Case Studies in Business Ethics (5th edn.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, pp. 222 - 228. Kelman, S. ‘Cost-Benefit Analysis: An Ethical Critique’ and Leonard, H. & Zeckhauser, R. ‘Cost-Benefit Analysis Defended’ in Hoffman et al. (2001) Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality, New York: McGraw-Hill, pp 104-116. Class Discussion: A. Egoism Rank the following virtues in the order of the importance you think should be placed on them: rationality, integrity, honesty (with self and others), justice, independence, productiveness, pride, kindness, charity, generosity, forgiveness, self-sacrifice. What is egoism? What is the difference between psychological egoism and ethical egoism? Do you think egoism can actually be ethical? Why or why not? How is enlightened egoism different from other kinds of egoism? How might they differ in the kinds of behaviours they recommend? Some egoists, such as Ayn Rand, define ethically egoistic behaviour as that which will maximise one’s interests over the course of one’s lifetime. Would this influence the kinds of behaviour that this doctrine recommends? Will it recommend different behaviour than that which is generally considered ethical? Think of some of the business organisations discussed in our previous tutorials, in the context of financial success and its relationship with ethical conduct. Would their behaviour be considered egoistic? Are there...
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...conventions, context, traditions and beliefs but is not bound by them. He influences process by inducing best practices gained through benchmarking, studies and observations. He stimulates change in subordinates’ attitudes and values and also tries to augment followers’ self-efficacy. He fulfills his duties and responsibilities stated by the organization at the same time compromising it with what is dictated by the situation. DOING WHAT IS RIGHT The ethical leader does what is right. He leads the way and inculcates fairness, pluralism and inclusion in the organization. No one is left behind. He articulates a vision that connects to the shared experiences of the members of the organization. He live with integrity and fosters the values it espouses. The leader also invests wisely. He trains future leaders and help those who have the potentials. He is not confined with the norms of nepotism and favoritism. Everyone is treated equally. The ethical leader also guards his heart. He does not allow his emotions to cloud his judgment and thinking. He also exercises humility. Fame, power and fortune does not hinder him from mingling with fellow workers and developing harmonious relationship with them. Despite his position, he maintains camaraderie with everyone in the organization. An organization led by leaders who are ethical and...
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...recent years, there are many corporate ethics scandals, which raised significant enquires about the roles of leadership in shaping ethical conduct (Brown, Trevino & Harrison 2005). Leaders by nature are responsible for motivating their subordinates to carry out a task or to behave in a certain manner. According to Starratt (2005), ethical leadership requires ethical leaders, as it is believed that how the leaders conduct themselves have direct impact to the organization in terms of organizational culture and employee values. Also mentioned by Resick et al. (2006), ethical leadership focuses on how leaders use their social power in decision-making, influencing others as well as the actions they engage in. Therefore, if leaders are ethical, they can maintain high level of ethical awareness and ensure that ethical practices are carried out throughout the organization. Often, ethical leaders display a high level of integrity that is important to stimulate a sense of leadership trustworthiness. These factors provide the foundation for personal characteristics, which directly impact a leader’s ethical beliefs, values, and decisions. However, studies also show that leadership integrity only accounts for one minor portion of a person’s trait. In this essay, we attempt to provide insights and discuss ethical leadership and also attempt to prove that ethical leader is mostly about leadership integrity. Moral Person and Moral Manager While production and profitability goals are...
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...should follow a moral code known as business ethics. We are responsible to follow this code of ethics and should never cheat under any circumstances. Business ethics are applied in almost every business to ensure that a certain level of trust will exist between the customers and the business. Integrity, Honesty, fidelity, charity, responsibility, and self-discipline are some values that are considered as part of the Business ethics. We have to take responsibility and rectify this Issue in order to improve our image and our ethical performance Our priority now is to initiate a well implemented ethical program in order to improve the ethical culture of the company. Well, Building an ethical culture is not an easy mission and can take time, but it is not as hard as many companies may think. Everyone in this company should understand the meaning of an ethical culture, and what it takes to build one. This report will outline how to reinforce an ethical culture within the company and provide some specific recommendations needed to achieve...
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...Ethical Leadership: the Call of the Times The recent global economic crisis and the various political changes that challenged existing governments show the need to change our concept of leadership. Leadership challenges in the present times are reflective of the ever changing needs of our society. Leaders must be able to respond and address the needs of its constituents. Our society is ever changing and the people’s consciousness is also changing. And we continually face these challenges in our work place as well. Ethical leadership seeks to address the gap in the current leadership context. What is Ethical Leadership? Ethical signifies it is based on some moral ethics. What would be the basis of this ethics? There has to be some form of standard or expected outcome from the type of leadership. According to Freeman and Stewart, many executives and business thinkers believe that it is a matter of leaders having good character and the right values. Brown and Trevino define ethical leadership as “the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making” (Brown et al., 2005: 120). Another definition is that ethical leadership is a stewardship that preserves the aspirations and culture of the organization. Whatever the definition is, this type of leadership gives emphasis to the impact of the type of leadership...
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...Running head: CASE STUDY 48 RECORDS CHECK Demonstrating Leadership: Case Study 48 Records Check Lekyla Whitaker PSL5002 Writing August 12, 2013 Abstract This paper will attempt to discuss the relationship between ethics and leadership. Many people can call themselves a leader; rather it is ethical or unethical. Normally, the view of leadership has been that the main goal of leaders is to increase production and profits through motivation and leading others. Good leadership refers not only to competence, but to ethics and transforming people as well. Every leader is responsible for influencing others to perform an action, complete a task, or behave in a specific manner. It is believed that the nurturing aspect of leaders can raise organizational cultures and employee values to high levels of ethical concern. Ethical leadership requires ethical leaders. If leaders are ethical, they can ensure that ethical practices are carried out throughout the organization. Title of Paper Certainly, leadership is not a skill that is always naturally obtained. In my opinion, most successful leaders take training and learn through life’s lessons and experiences. The dictionary defines leadership as “taking others to places they would not normally go”. However, to personalize this definition, it’s my belief that leadership is the act of taking ourselves to places we would not normally go. Leadership can also mean how well we manage our functional responsibility as a professional...
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