...ETHICS IN BUSINESS . Table of Contents Introduction: 1 Body one what is ethics: 2 Body two the four views of ethics: 3 Body three the ethical challenges: 5 Body four companies reaction to unethical action: 6 Conclusion: 7 The summary: 8 References and bibliography: 9 Introduction: Management is an exiting topic to study. It gives people the ability to interact with the recent action around the world. Also it gives people the authority to judge the situation, and make a decision based on their perspective views. In addition, ethics is one of the most anticipate it topics in business and in real life situation. People will start to decide the action whether it is ethical or not. Also how people ethical views are different from culture to culture. People have opposite opinion about the situation based on effect their life positively or negatively. Ethics is not just for individuals to care about. Governments, organizations, and banks spend a huge amount of money on determent what is ethical and what is not? Companies could lose all their customers if they made an unethical action. Governments could lose all their supporters if had an unethical scandal. Even, celebrities would lose all of his fans if he or she did unethical action such as racism or sexual abused. However, most of companies have guidelines or policies to face and prevent any unethical issues in side the organization against costumers or employees. Business ethics is a very important factor...
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...Zimbardo Research Paper Dr. Zimbardo conducted a research study in 1971 where he took 24 male college students and divided them randomly between guards and prisoners. The guards created a “prison” like set up for their prisoners. The prisoners were arrested by real cops, blindfolded, hand cuffed and taken to the simulation prison where the guards brutalized, dehumanized, tortured them. The study was to see how behaviors change based upon a setting they were put into. Throughout this paper it will come to light on how unethical this study was but also how it changed the ways in which studies are now required to be handled with human participants (Films Media Group, 2012). Value of the Study in Relation to Social Psychology Dr. Zimbardo’s research study was able to show how healthy participants quickly changed their psychological and physical behaviors when they were placed into a prison like environment. The 24 participants were all good people who were put into a very bad situation where they had to choose to stay good or conform with the environment and do what they felt was rational behavior. This study was to last two weeks and after six days Dr. Zimbardo finally shut it down. This is because the prisoners were showing signs of extreme depression and stress anxiety, while the guards were becoming very abusive, hostile and dehumanizing the prisoners. There were only a few people who were able to not let conformity consume who they really were and destroy their...
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...Compare and Contrast Torture or Not to Torture 2012 “Any direct or indirect participation in any act of torture or other forms of degrading or inhuman treatment or punishment by psychologists is strictly prohibited. There are no exceptions.”(APA website, 2012). The American Psychological Association through the last two decades has taken a sever stand on torture and helping the United States government on how to handle prisoners at the “black site” also known as Guantanamo Bay (Peltz,Burnstein,Grand, 2008)P587. Their stand on how psychologist should aid in the treatment of information recovery in forms of torture interrogation technics has always been a longstanding policy against psychologist involvement in torture. Many members wanted the association to take a strong stand against any involvement of psychologists in national security interrogations during the Bush administration. Psychologists were used during the bush administration “war on terror” efforts and took part in both abusive interrogation techniques and torture. While the APA acknowledged issues of psychologist involvement in national security-related investigations has been an extremely difficult and divisive one for our association (Personal Communication, 2012. The APA has always had a longstanding policy against psychologist involvement in torture; many members wanted the association to take a strong stand against any involvement of psychologists in national security interrogations...
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...11 Position Papers I f you like to argue, you will enjoy writing position papers and argument essays. The purpose of a position paper or argument essay is to explain both sides of a controversy and then argue for one side over the other. This two-sided approach is what makes position papers and argument essays different from commentaries (Chapter 10). A commentary usually only expresses the author’s personal opinion about a current issue or event. A position paper or argument essay explains both sides and discusses why one is stronger or better than the other. Your goal is to fairly explain your side and your opponents’ side of the issue, while highlighting the differences between these opposing views. You need to use solid reasoning and factual evidence to persuade your readers that your view is more valid or advantageous than your opponents’ view. In college, your professors will ask you to write position papers and argument essays to show that you understand both sides of an issue and can support one side or the other. In the workplace, corporate position papers are used to argue for or against business strategies or alternatives. The ability to argue effectively is a useful skill that will help you throughout your life. 221 CHAPTER AT–A–GLANCE Position Papers This diagram shows two basic organizations for a position paper, but other arrangements of these sections will work too. In the pattern on the left, the opponents’ position is described up front with its...
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...Purchasing Ethics and how it Changes the Global Marketplace Assignment 3.4 Mike Wooddell ERAU LGMT 536 – Purchasing for Logistics and Supply Chain Management June 17, 2015 Abstract As organizations increase their global footprint, the need for reliable, ethical, and sustainable suppliers also increases. Understanding this need, more businesses are engaging suppliers that are the most cost effective and not necessarily the most ethical. This brings me to the research of purchasing ethics. Specifically how do ethics change the landscape of today’s global market? This paper will look at several factors that include the cross cultural understanding of ethics, the personal and professional responsibility, and several ethical challenges such as environmental responsibility and human rights and the impact it has on the global market. Key Words: business ethics, global market, cultural factors, professional responsibility, ethical challenges I. WHAT IS ETHICS – DEFINITION AND UNDERSTANDING Clearly define what ethics mean in the global market and the domestic market and how it is interpreted in each. II. CULTURAL FACTORS IN GLOBAL MARKETS Identify how cultural factors such as religion, sexual orientation, and accepted standard practices influence or hinder international and domestic business. III. PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY TO BUSINESSES Identify the responsibility and moral obligation when ethical dilemmas occur, your personal...
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...Business Ethics in Leadership Corey C Calhoun Sr. Liberty University 05/03/2016 Business Ethics in Leadership Recent corporate scandals, such as Enron, Parlamat, and WorldCom, have generated significant attention in the field of business ethics. Whereas the interest in this subject pre-dates these scandals, they have undoubtedly raised the profile of ethical concerns in business among scholars, practitioners, and governments (Knights & O’Leary, 2006). Additionally, there is a growing concern on what role leadership plays in perpetuating ethical values in an organization. Consequently, scholars are concerned with discerning leadership qualities that would ensure moral and effective practices in a company. What is the relationship between leadership and ethics? One of the key questions (or in some cases assumptions) in the literature on leadership is regarding the nature of the relationship between leadership and ethics. The definition question in leadership studies is not really about the question ‘‘What is leadership?’’ It is about the question ‘‘What is good leadership?’’ By good, I mean morally good and effective. This is why I think it is fair to say that ethics lies at the heart of leadership studies. Leaders worthy of the name, whether they are university presidents or senators, corporation executives or newspaper editors, school superintendents or governors, contribute to the continuing definition and articulation of the most cherished...
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...Ethics Awareness Inventory Introduction In the field of psychology, an Ethics Code was put into place by the American Psychological Association (APA) to serve as a guide to professional behavior for those who work in the field of psychology (Plante, 2011). This paper will address the importance of ethics in psychology, how ethics are applied, the effects of ethics on the field of psychology and the advantages of psychology as a career choice. The Importance of Ethics Ethics are crucial in the field of psychology in order to protect the profession and the public. First of all, the Ethics Code protects patients in several ways, such as confidentiality issues and respect for the patient, including prohibiting personal relationships and requiring psychologists to exhibit care and compassion (Plante, 2011). Ethics protect the profession in that the expectations for professional conduct specify what can and cannot be done within the field of psychology as it pertains to certain expectations and behaviors (Plante, 2011). Application of Ethics Ethics are applied within the field of psychology in several ways. First of all, a psychology professional must maintain competence in his or her area of specialization (Plante, 2011). Psychologists must also maintain a respectful demeanor and show professionalism and integrity in their dealings with others (Plante, 2011). Maintaining professional responsibility by attempting every avenue, such...
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...Study 7 December 2010 The Great Ape Project aims to give apes the same basic rights to life that humans have. Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer published a book in 1993 titled, “The Great Ape Project.” The novel is composed of different essays written by advocates of the projects who aim to discuss the ethology and ethics issues between human beings and apes. Cavalieri and Singer argue that we now have “sufficient information about the capacities of chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans to make it clear that the moral boundary we draw between us and them is indefensible.” The novel became instantly popular and eventually led to the creation of the self-titled Great Ape Project. The Great Ape Project was founded in 1994 and put into action six years later in Sorobaca City. The Great Ape Project is an international movement that “aims to defend the rights of the non-human great primates-chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos, our closest relatives in the animal kingdom.” According to the project, the three main rights his project wants to ensure for apes include, the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture. The Great Ape Project argues that apes deserve the right to live a higher standard of life. Studies have proven that chimpanzee’s are the closest relatives of human beings. Chimpanzees share 98.4% of the same DNA that human’s have. DNA tests also say that gorilla’s share 97.7% of the same DNA that humans have. The...
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...Joint Command and Staff Programme 38 Distance Learning Rank & Name: Major Lynne Chaloux Syndicate No: 1 Directing Staff: BGen Gagnon Course: JCSP 38 DL Assignment Code: D1/DS 541/EFF/LN-2 Assignment Name: Leadership Research Paper Convergence of Errors: Leadership Failures Contributing to Abu Ghraib Abuses ASSESSMENT Assessor: Marc Imbeault Mark: Comments: Convergence of Errors: Leadership Failures Contributing to Abu Ghraib Abuses Introduction The purpose of this persuasive essay is to reveal the key leadership factors contributing to events that occurred during Operation Iraqi Freedom at Abu Ghraib Confinement Facility in Iraq between October and December 2003. “The abuses at Abu Ghraib primarily fall into two categories: a) intentional violent or sexual abuse [against detainees], and b) abusive actions taken based on misinterpretations or confusion regarding law or policy.”[1] From the standpoint of “Leading the Institution,” it will be argued that authorities failed to develop of a coherent body of policy or procedures[2] regarding detainee operations, which would have served to appropriately and consistently guide actions in the field and thus enable success. Instead, policy was inconsistent, ambiguous and changing – resulting in confusion regarding morally and legally acceptable standards for interrogation and detention. These lapses in policy contributed...
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...Animal and Human Research Ethics Paper In any aspect of life, the well being of oneself comes before any other considerations. With in mind, medicine has a very similar view. The health and prosperity of the human race comes before any other considerations. This brings about the grounds for the practice of nonhuman animal testing. With this, professional and ethical issues are raised and must be explored in order for a conclusive answer to be given. The statement that “animals have rights” is one that very few people will disagree with. There are those, however, who see animal cruelty as a form of entertainment. The ethical question then arises asks whether the “cruelty” against an animal can be benefited for humans or should humans benefit from themselves. It is evident that the human race is at the pinnacle of creation as they have achieved progressive heights that cannot be matched by any other species. Unfortunately, animal research has been a fundamental part of their continued progress. Since Aristotle, animals have been used utilized for the benefit of humans. The question of why this has occurred for some time is because they had no other alternative than direct human testing. Man has come a long way and must find seek other testing techniques that are advanced in order to eliminate this harmful practice. One possibility is from Professor Joordens in which he indicates that humans should test on humans who have the desired disease. This would bring about greater...
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...Capital Punishment By Kegan Schmicker 11/1/2011 “This man took a life. He took a lot of things. My mom was a lot of things to a lot of people. He took her away from a lot of people and left a big hole in a lot of people’s lives as well as deprived her of the pleasure of living.” These words come from the daughter of the victim, Rebecca Patton, who was shot execution style seven times because of a botched ransom attempt. How many times do you think Rebecca Patton pleaded for her life before she was shot and killed by her murderer? Should the court exercise mercy on the defendant because he now “understands” what he has done and regrets his decisions? Should the convicted killer be given the opportunity to live his life behind bars with the ability to visit with family, make friends, play sports, and/or educate himself even though he intentionally took those very things away from another individual? In an effort to explain why the death penalty is justifiable and civil I will be providing the pro arguments to the death penalty based on its justifiableness and morality. I will also examine the death penalty as a civilized punishment for mankind and why it is appropriate to exercise. The case that I noted above took place in the state of Texas and the verdict of the case was to execute Lesley Gosch, the defendant, for the crimes he committed. The execution of this criminal seems both justifiable and civil in this case due to its uniqueness. The victim in the case became...
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...Animal Testing is Animal Cruelty We, as humans, have made numerous advancements in the world. We have firmly established the scientific evolution, but in doing so, it seems that our ethics and morals have failed to progress as well. The knowledge we have acquired is remarkable, but with it comes responsibility to use it wisely and ethically. We torture and heartlessly kill creatures that we arrogantly consider lesser beings simply at our disposal. For something as simple as eye makeup animals are tortured and blinded by tests performed at the laboratory. Where they are hardly fed, often forced to live in filth, and sometimes have their vocal cords removed to keep them quiet (CAAT). We are systematically cutting down the last forest that provides their shelter to farm cattle; we dump toxic chemicals and sewage into the waters in which they live; we wear and display the tusks of the last few of their species in our homes, and we pour cosmetic products into their eyes and body parts to determine the harmful effects they might cause on humans, even though the physiological differentiation between humans and the animals they use is drastic. On a daily basis most people do not see their own degree of unintentional support towards this global dilemma, but when compiled on paper one must question how mankind can, with conscience, commit these acts which shame us as human beings. Animals possess the same kinds of feelings and emotions as human beings, and without anesthesia, they...
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...promote commercial progress and enrich culture by rewarding inventors and creative people for their efforts. A person can create an original work fixed on a physical medium; the work automatically becomes the copyright owner. Copyright ownership, operation specific work in specific ways to the owner of an exclusive right to the use of data. This paper will discuss intellectual property and the ethical and legal restraints in respect to marketing and advertising (book citation). II. Various surveys conducted from 1990 with the most important ethical problems faced by businesses are to determine what are these problems. Armstrong (1990) in a study conducted by the Australian international business managers was asked to indicate the most serious ethical problems such as corruption, cultural differences, pricing practices, gifts and nonconforming products. From Advertisements undisputed impact on the community is increasing day by day. The advertisements aim to influence consumers to purchase products and to guide them. This routing when there are issues to be considered. These considerations can call as 'Advertisement Ethics'. Ethics advertisement; away from the concept of honesty and integrity, without the morality of society, according to the comparison builder without resorting to unfair competition, consumers from deception, exaggeration in moderation and to...
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...problem of factory farming, but it is still a long way from being fixed. Factory farms are used to produce everyday products like bacon, pork, steak, chicken nuggets, milk, cheese, etc. The cost of buying a burger at a local McDonalds is around one to three dollars. If companies were forced by legislation and government officials to practice proper farming techniques, the price of your beloved McDonald’s hamburger will be sure to rise. This could cause a brief stage of net losses for food manufacturing companies. I think it is mandatory to incur these extra expenses for the sake of humanity and animal rights. A small loss in profits is far less important than the pain and suffering these animals have to deal with on a daily basis. In this research paper I will discuss the ethical dilemmas and the conditions of the factory farms, as well as solutions to the problem of animals not having the proper rights. Main Points Animals come in all different shapes and sizes. Society debates how to classify some animals. Scientist view animals as operating equipment. Businessmen see them as commodities. Religious advocates classify them as God’s gift to us. And the majority of Americans see them as food. In America we cannot keep our minds off of cheap tasty food. With an exponential increasing obesity rate at 60 million, the US ranks in as the most obese nation in the world. Meat production has rapidly increased from 44 million tons in 1950, to 211 million in 1997. Also 90 percent of the poultry...
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...Research Studies Questionnaire University of Phoenix PSYCH/610 Brandy Darling 4/20/2015 Part I What is the purpose of each of the sections in a typical research article? There are several parts to a research article including an abstract, which is used to briefly convey the information used throughout the article before reading through the whole thing. It gives a clear idea of what the article is about and what to look forward to before going any further into the research process. Next is the introduction, and that is used to point out what the focus is on and the main points of the article/paper. The introduction in “OCD and Cognitive Illusions” describes cognitive illusions thinking and how that may be contribute to understanding the origin of maintenance of obsessional thoughts. It covers the meaning of cognitive illusions and what they include, current studies pointing to cognitive biases/deficits in OCD, the nature of cognitive illusions and the relations to OCD thinking, and clinical implications/suggestions for further research. Other parts of a research article may include methods/methodology, results, discussion, conclusion and summary, and references/sources. Not all articles are the same, but generally this is how one would be set up. What are the steps to critically evaluate research articles and how does the scientific method help you do this? The first step to critically evaluating a research article is the research question. The research must be clear...
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