...Animal Ethics The issue regarding the morality on whether or not people should consume meat has been debated for several decades. Factory farms, where animals are raised in filthy conditions, pumped with antibiotics and growth hormones, and fed a diet that includes animal bi-products, are viewed by animal rights activists to be inhumane and torturous. Since the beginning of time, the human race has been consuming meat. In the book of Genesis, it says “Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you; and just as I gave you the green plants, I give you everything”. In a traditional sense, I believe it’s morally acceptable to eat meat if the animal is raised on a good farm. This is where the animal is treated in a humane way by allowing them to roam and graze freely in conditions similar to their natural habitat. Additionally, their life span is much longer than that of an animal living on a factory farm. This supports the view that animals should not be caused to suffer. However, I’ve never given much thought about this subject matter prior to taking this class, and in all probability have been eating meat from factory farms. Thus, I will write about factory farms, despite my newly acquired position. Even though I believe it’s acceptable to consume meat, and my personal experience is more than likely related to factory farms, there are several valid arguments against them. The most significant argument is regarding the inhumane, torturous treatment these animals...
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...Are Zoos Unethical to Animals? Name: Institution: A zoo is a park where live animals are exhibited whereas something unethical is something that lacks moral principles and is unwilling to adhere to proper rules of conduct, it can also be something that is not in accord with the standards of a profession. The issue of whether keeping animals in zoos is a moral issue that has been widely debated in our communities recently. Some people believe that the presence of zoos is inevitable to rescue animals from extinction, whilst others are not in favor of zoos due to the captivity of wildlife. If one was to take into the reason why the conservation is not fully effective, the inappropriate perception about wildlife and the ugly truth of the life in the zoos, then there would be no debate. Scholars have argued that the conservation programs aim to save endangered species from the edge of extinction. The zoos also take part in breeding and funding programs that try to enhance the population of endangered wildlife and protect their habitats. An example is the Melbourne Zoo, which had raised over $9000 by collecting and reselling old phones to safeguard gorilla habitats (Dean, 2009).We must admit that these actions are quite effective in the evidence that supporters provide. However, it must be remembered that there are still difficulties of those programs that hardly overcome. The problem of genetic diversity can be a burden. The idea is that a small population can possibly cause...
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...EthisCarly Peters Ethics, Night Class Mr. Hobbs May 6, 2013 An Ethical View into Animal Rights In May of 2007, two humpback whales, a mother and her calf, found themselves stranded in a fresh water river off the coast of California. They were in the process of migrating from Alaska to Mexico, when they made a wrong turn under the Golden Gate Bridge, and into the San Francisco Bay. They landed over 90 miles away from the Pacific Ocean that they needed to return to for survival. Their skin began showing signs of distress and injury, and the public decided it was time to get involved. They began sending in all their ideas on how the whales could be coaxed back through the river, into the bay, and off to the ocean. They sent e-mails, made phone calls and visits to government agencies, and came up with countless original ideas that they wanted to share with officials. The longer time went on, the more worried people were becoming about these whales. Fortunately, the Coast Guard was eventually successful in coaxing the whales back through the channel and out to the Pacific after many failed attempts. Why do people care so much about other living creatures? Another question I must bring up is should we be spending so much time and effort on them when there are many other human needs of people that need to be met around the world? I will be connecting many ethical philosophies to this idea of Animal Rights throughout this discussion, and hopefully you will be able...
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...Animal and Human Research Ethics Paper In any aspect of life, the well being of oneself comes before any other considerations. With in mind, medicine has a very similar view. The health and prosperity of the human race comes before any other considerations. This brings about the grounds for the practice of nonhuman animal testing. With this, professional and ethical issues are raised and must be explored in order for a conclusive answer to be given. The statement that “animals have rights” is one that very few people will disagree with. There are those, however, who see animal cruelty as a form of entertainment. The ethical question then arises asks whether the “cruelty” against an animal can be benefited for humans or should humans benefit from themselves. It is evident that the human race is at the pinnacle of creation as they have achieved progressive heights that cannot be matched by any other species. Unfortunately, animal research has been a fundamental part of their continued progress. Since Aristotle, animals have been used utilized for the benefit of humans. The question of why this has occurred for some time is because they had no other alternative than direct human testing. Man has come a long way and must find seek other testing techniques that are advanced in order to eliminate this harmful practice. One possibility is from Professor Joordens in which he indicates that humans should test on humans who have the desired disease. This would bring about greater...
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...The most interesting and challenging parts of the unit of animal ethics were the arguments in favor of the inherent value theory. Although animals may have inherent value, it is hard to pinpoint the exact factor that gives an animal inherent value. In class, we were trying to figure out what gives animals’ inherent value and mentioned that they have similar feelings and functions to humans. It isn’t the intelligence factor that gives humans their inherent value because severely disabled humans have the same inherent value as humans without disabilities, according to Regan. In the readings, I agree with Regan that all humans have equal inherent value. However, I disagree with Regan and I agree with Cohen that animals have some value, but they...
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...has been animals even before human were created. Animals have been a part of this world since humans were so why would people want to harm animals and use them for entertainment? There have been a lot of laws passed over the years to protect animals. Scientists have changed the way they experiment on animals. For many year’s scientists used animals to experiment on to enhance the human knowledge. Dogs, rabbits, and other animals were being used for experiments; after the experiments were done the scientist Bernard said “those experiments were unnecessary”. (Clemmitt, Marcia) Although there are a lot of protection laws passed in different states, people still abuse animals, consistency with law enforcement...
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...Science defines human life as a characteristic that exhibit a process with organization, growth, adaptation, etc.; however, ancient sages told people human life is extremely valuable and sacred, as a religious doctrine in the Ten Commandments: “Thou shalt not kill.” Moreover, when people talk about ethics, they will think about rules to differentiate right and wrong. It might be wise maxims of Confucius or religious beliefs. The most general way to define “ethics” is that “moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior” (American English in Oxford Dictionary). Bioethics is a pretty young interdisciplinary study, which is considered with ethical questions related to the relationships among human beings, animals, and environments in the late twentieth century. Based on this, bioethics derived three main subdisciplines, which are medical ethics, animal ethics, and environmental ethics. Although each sub-discipline has particular study area in bioethics, there still are overlaps of ethical considerations and approaches. This makes it difficult to easily discuss ethics questions such as stem cell research, xenotransplantation, the ethical status of animals and the ethical status of the environment. Further discussion about the vital issue of moral status solutions is necessary at the same time. In the rapid development of the natural sciences and biotechnology has greatly promoted better living conditions and improve the living standards of people around the world...
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...contents of this paper will consist of the concepts of the ratio of the benefits and risk, and defining ethics of the use of animals in research. Animal research is a topic which is ethically sound and a concerning manner to researchers of the psychological field. There are issues of tests run on the animals which are controversial in manner and a part of the (APA) American Psychological Association ethical issue. The APA is a organization for psychologists in the United States, and designs rules and guides the profession of psychologists as well as other medical personnel. The impact of the testing of animals in the research of psychology will be included in the discussion. Ethics in Psychological Research Paper Animals in Research Ethics help guide researchers around ethical dilemmas that may arise when conducting research. Example questions would be is it acceptable to avoid telling the participant of a study as to what the researcher is looking for and testing about? In what instances is it acceptable and when is it not? The development of research ethics helps guide researchers to find the necessary answer to the different question types (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). Conducting a scientific research is when researchers look for facts, try to prove theories, and declare the findings the truth, and those conducting research must use the ethics guidelines (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). The research study or projects could be...
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...Current Ethical Issues in Animal Research Research involving animals consistently improves medical progress for more than two centuries. However, for most of that time, it has met with moral objections because of the suffering it can cause the animals. Though animal welfare laws have reduced the number of laboratory animals globally, ethical concerns remain.The word ‘ethics’ is used in many contexts, for the purposes of this essay, “It is an examination of the acceptability of the motives that drive the behaviour of people. ”(Dolan, 1999). Ethical issues in animal research have been discussed frequently in public these few years. Accurate global figures for animal testing are difficult to obtain. According to the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) (2012), 100 million vertebrates are experimented on around the world every year, 10–11 million of them in the European Union. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that the total number of animals used in that country in 2012 was almost 950,000, but this figure does not include rats and mice, which make up about 90% of research animals. Reports show that at least 20% of these animals do not receive painkillers and are used in painful experiments. Animal rights advocates are pressing government agencies to impose heavy restrictions on animal research. However, there is a growing concern over the threat restrictions on the use of animals would pose to scientific progress. Whether such experiments...
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...Ethical Analysis of News Issue: Animal Rights Clearly define the ethical issue and provide a brief explanation as to why it is important. (4 marks) To many people, the concept of animal rights is absurd and long drawn. However, animal activism has increased in the recent past with formation of such organizations as PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) that seek to incorporate ethics when addressing issues related to animals (Joyce 2014, par. 1). Apparently, animal rights activists argue that animals too have rights as is with human beings. Their arguments are anchored in the premise that there should ethical rules that guide our treatment of animals. This implies that human beings have no permission to do some of the things on an animal notwithstanding the situation (Bekoff 2009, p. 14). In fact, the animal rights advocacy groups agitate for legislation of non-negotiable prohibition of animal mistreatment. However, there is a growing concern about the specific rights that animals given the fact that majority of definitions have not actually outlined the rights. The issue of animal rights is important especially in the wake of public policies that are informed by the arguments of animal ethics. Just recently, Australia and New Zealand had to cut their exports of animals to Pakistan given the brutality and cruelty that the animals suffered when being slaughtered (Joyce 2014, par. 6). For majority of the activists, animals have intrinsic value and should...
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...Use of Animals 1. Ethics in Psychological Research Paper Lillie Johnson Psych/540 March 3, 2013 Cindy Fouhy Use of Animals 2. Introduction Through the study of animals in different forms of research, psychologists have introduced to us a understanding that is better of human issues in which solving a problem have been easily found. Issues in human like aging, drug addition, side effects, and anxiety have been built through the use of animals. In psychological research, the rules of ethics is a important idea. The rules supply an outline in which researchers are obligated to supply information concerning the motive of the research, deception in research, the use of animals in studies of research, and human care. My paper will focus on the use of animals as an issue of classical ethics in a...
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...Ethics Issue: Back in 1933 there was a cosmetic product that was in the market called Lash Lure. This product was a mascara product that many women were using on their eyelashes to make the look longer and bolder. Lash Lure had contained p-phenylenediamine, which was an untested chemical that proved to be harmful to the customers using it. The p-phenylenediamine caused horrible blisters, abscesses, and ulcers on the face, eyelids, and eyes of the consumers who used Lash Lure, and it led to blindness for some. In one instance, the ulcers were so severe that a woman developed a bacterial infection and died. This incident and others like it led the United States Congress to pass the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act of 1938. This law gave the FDA regulatory authority over cosmetic products, and companies began to test products and ingredients on animals in an effort to assure safety for consumers. The FDA “urges cosmetic manufacturers to conduct whatever tests are appropriate to establish that their cosmetics are safe”, but “does not specifically mandate animal testing for cosmetic safety.” The issue that is being raised is it ethical to harm an animal for the sake of marketing a new cosmetic product. Facts: Every year, an estimated 70 million animals are maimed or killed for cosmetic testing in the US alone, and nearly $12 billion taxpayer dollars are spent yearly on the practice. Labs that use mice, rats, birds, reptiles and amphibians are exempted from the minimal protections...
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...is harmed and by how much? a. Market Stakeholders: (1) Employees of the animal facility: The current employees of the animal facilities will no longer feel at risk doing day-to-day operations, when dealing with animals, due to the proposed bill. High Impact (2) Employee Managers of the animal facility: The managers of the employees will no longer have to worry about company policies being recorded for lawsuits, reducing the stress on the managers. High Impact (3) Stockholders: Stockholders of the animal facility will no longer have to worry about the company having to pay large court fees and litigation expenses due to lawsuits of unethical behavior because of pictures or videos of poor treatment of animals. Medium Impact (4) Customers: Customers will realize lower prices for the meat produced at the animal facilities due to the lower amounts the business will be spending on lawsuits. Medium Impact. (5) Suppliers: Suppliers to the animal facilities will also face lower risks of being sued for animal cruelty due to the proposed bill. High Impact (6) Retailers/wholesalers: Retailers of the finished goods will still be able to sell the finished meat products to customers. Low Impact. Creditors: Lower risk of lawsuits will lower the risk of the business not being able to pay its bills. Medium Impact. b. Non-Market Stakeholders: Communities: higher risk of animal cruelty taking place at the animal facilities, and could cause strain on communities. Low Impact. Nongovernmental...
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...Ethics Essay Ethics, according to dictionary.com, is the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions. Or as the textbook states, ethics is the science concerning the “right and wrong” of human action. This paper will be discussing the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. There will be a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality. It will contain a personal experience to help explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three theories. The three main views of the normative ethics theory is virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism. Virtue ethics focuses on the virtues, or moral character, while deontological focuses on duties and rules, and utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of ones actions. Virtue ethics is called agent based or character ethics, as well. According to the textbook, when using the virtue ethics approach, one should take the viewpoint that in living their life they should try to cultivate excellence in all that they do (Boylan, 2009). Virtue ethics suggests that people should develop their character so that they will lead a good life. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism. This means that the moral worth of an action is determined...
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...Introduction ❖ Group point of view • Society - Points to concern Government Education Economic Definition • ❖ Environmental ethics • ❖ Protection of environment • ❖ Overview worldwide environmental problematic (Introduction to the problem) Global warming Main types of pollution Preservation of trees Animal experimentation Disagreement • Business Utilitarianism Anthropocentric ethics Kantian theory Counterargument Agreement To future generation Giving a great habitat to animals Biocentric ethics Ecocentric ethics Conclusion We live with the world Introduction: Since the environment problem has taken attention in today's society, there have been number of opinions about our obligations with nature. Some people claim that human has the right to act and that nature is here just to satisfy human desires and needs. In the other hand, there is a group of people who state that this argument sound egoist because we are not the only species living in this world and we should share this earth with species. “Individuals can not be used as merely as a means to the end- there are ends in themselves” Kant basic ideas here are that persons have the position to make rational choice about their own lives. They have moral autonomy and fee will. This fact about person confers dignity upon them. They command respect. To treat people as a mean to some other end, be it own welfare or that of others, it is fail to...
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