...Ethnicity and the Police (Part II) Monica Angulo CJA/344 August 6, 2014 Instructor Name Ethnicity and the Police Racial profiling indicates the system law enforcement officials use to target people for suspicion of crime grounded on the person's race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. Criminal profiling, usually, as performed by police, is the deduction on a group of characteristics they consider to be connected with crime. An example of racial profiling is the use of race to conclude which motorists to stop for minor traffic violations (usually referred to as "driving while black” or “driving while brown"). The use of race to conclude which individuals to search for illegal paraphernalia is another example of racial profiling. This practice, however, can result contra productive, as highlighted in the following cases. Racial Profiling Gone Wrong Poor judgment calls based on racial profiling have been made by law enforcement officials, where racism and discrimination has taken over violating individuals’ civil rights, creating friction with the community and the public. NYC Cop Testifies to Targeting Young Black Men As hearings began to examine New York City’s stop and frisk policy, one police officer testified that he was instructed by superiors to target young Black men between the ages of 14 and 21. In 2011 alone, New York City police executed 685,724 stops as part of the stop and frisk policy. In total, they had...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Part II: Final Deliverable Adriana Urrutia CJA/344 August 12th, 2013 University of Phoenix Law enforcement and the community have always had an off and on relationship. Like any other relationship they have their disagreements, misunderstandings and break-ups. However at the end of the day both sides share common interests, deterrence and justice. With the influx of immigrants in the past decades the United States has been bombarded with many different cultures and languages. Therefore society’s views and opinions of law enforcement vary from ethnicity to ethnicity. We will be exploring how the Asian, Hispanic and Black communities see law enforcement from discrimination, racial profiling and past experiences. Also, we will discuss how non-minorities view law enforcement and their actions. The shattered relations between law enforcement and minorities will be included in the discussion. In addition, the police officers and the rise of diversity and how they interact with the community, response to the growth of ethnic communities and education on diversity. Lastly, racial profiling and its effects on police officers, the community and the department will be explored. Ethnic Groups The increase of immigration and diversity has sometimes made relationships with police difficult. Asian and Hispanics communities are often fearful of police officers due to there past experiences. There past experiences vary from their country of origin that was...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Corruption Part I Patricia Munive CJA 344 June 11, 2014 Constant Wilson Ethnicity and the Police Corruption Officials and witnesses state, the sergeant grabbed a 14 year old teenager by the name of Javier and pushed him hard against the window of the hookah store, shattering the glass and causing bad cuts to Javier’s head and body but let’s take into account what happened that led up to the accident. No officers should be permitted to use excessive force without reprimand especially when causing such bodily harm to someone who is already handcuffed (Schwirtz & Pastor, 2014). Some officers feel they have the right to use excessive force and think because of their positon in law-enforcement they can get away with that kind of abuse. Abusing their authority and getting away injuring handcuffed people is corruption. Last month in May, there were two teenagers hand cuffed in front of a Hookah store in the Bronx. Two teenagers were arrested for assaulting a 49 year-old-man for refusing to give them a cigarettes. Authorities stated that Javier and his friend were walking in the vicinity of the west Bronx when they saw the 49-year-old. The teenagers ask the man for a cigarette and when the man refused they assaulted him. When the man turned his back one of the kids punched him in the head and the other hit him in the back with a backpack. The man suffered minor injuries. The authorities stated the man flagged them down to look for the boys. The officers...
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...Race and Ethnicity in Police Employment Practices Isabel R. Rodriguez University of Phoenix October 3, 2011 Blanche Cook Race and Ethnicity in Police Employment Practices An important part of the United States workforce is made up of police officers. The number of police officers employed has grown drastically over the past few years. However, although the number of police officers employed has increased, public scrutiny has as well. The police employment practices have affected the publics’ perception of the police because of the factors involved as well as the desire to seek employment in law enforcement. The paper below will describe some of the factors involved with race and ethnicity when seeking police careers. Diversity among the law enforcement was limited until several years ago. A significant positive change has been seen in the perceptions of minorities within the employment of law enforcement. This helps to redress the historic workplace inequity by having police forces better reflect ethnic constituency of society (Perrott, 1999). However, minorities are still more likely to suffer inequalities. These inequalities are shaped by structural constraints that include childhood and adult poverty, unemployment, inadequate health care, and lack of economic and education opportunities (Smith, 2009). Minorities are also placed at the bottom of the social class. Because of these inequalities, employment with the police department has been difficult to achieve as some...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Part I: Outline Jarel Thomas CJA/334 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice February 27, 2014 Ebony Pullins-Govantes Ethnicity and the Police Outline Topic: Police Corruption and Citizen Complaints Relative to Ethnicity I. Introduction II. Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts A. The many complaints of police corruption B. How it is relative to ethnicity and discrimination III. Examination A. Police corruption in the United States B. Complaints by citizens of different ethnicity IV. Body A. Police Corruption 1. The crime that is not going down 2. Increased patterns of police corruption 3. Cases of police abuse throughout the United States B. Melendez-Diaz and the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment 1. The United States Supreme Court case on Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts 2. Forensic examiners violate the Sixth Amendment C. Citizen Complaints Against the Police 1. Civil Rights groups V. Prevention of Police Corruption 1. Regulating police by using what we know 2. Prevention of policing that is radically biased VI. Conclusion References Bayley, D. H., & Bittner, E. (1984). Learning the skills of policing. Law & Contemporary Problems, 4735-59. Brown, C. (1997). POLICE CORRUPTION: THE CRIME THAT'S NOT GOING DOWN. New Crisis (15591603), 104(3), 48. Retrieved from http://powersthatbeat...
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...Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Lauren Raven CJS/221 Alan Hazel 3-15-2015 Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Experiences with social institutions and law enforcement agencies shape the worldview by influencing community-police relations through individual and group perception. The patterns and existence of institutionalized discrimination, contextual discrimination, and individual discriminatory behaviors within the criminal justice system carry considerable influence on public perception of police departments. The effects of social class, race, and ethnicity on citizen opinions of how law enforcement agencies operate include instances of corruption, systematic discrimination, and general misunderstandings of cultural diversities. Institutionalized discrimination describes a wider pattern of events regarding discriminatory practices incorporated into processes, procedures, and organizational structure (Walker, Spone, Delone, 2012). An example may include policies that permit judges to consider employment or domestic history in their decision making process.Whether these occurrences are due to prejudice or racism, or are the result of a general lack of consideration for the needs of various social identities, they essentially indicate a problematic system. Pure justice provides restorative justice for victims and their rights, yet attains an unbiased, unprejudiced...
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...|Department of Law and Criminal Justice Studies |[pic] | | | | |ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET | | |STUDENT NAME |Nkiruka-Rebecca Elliott |STUDENT No |ELL11053447 | | | |PROGRAMME | |(highlight correct subjects) | |MODULE NAME: | | | |Victims and Victimology | |MARKER’S NAME: |Rashid Aziz...
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...Connor Inc. | Ethnicity and the Police | Public Opinion of Police By Different Ethnic Groups | | Patricia Connor | 11/19/2012 | The purpose of this study is to provide the reader with an overview on the public image of the police based on race. An in depth analysis is designed to provide the public, the police, and agencies alike the deliverables necessary to provide high quality of service. | Ethnicity and the Police Ethnicity and the Police The public opinion of police tends to fluctuate over time and may vary among different ethnic groups and communities at any given time. The events, factors, and forces that affect this opinion are numerous. Thus, leaving the public opinion of the police a slippery task to measure. With that being said, many perceptions of the police exist. These perceptions range from police misconduct to police corruption. However, for the purposes of this article, one will examine the perceptions of police misconduct in the United States and the factors that influence these perceptions. Through research, one was able to determine that citizens believe there are four types of police misconduct – verbal abuse, excessive force, unwarranted stops, and corruptions. However, to save on time, one will The public opinion of police tends to fluctuate over time and may vary among different ethnic groups and communities at any given time. The events, factors, and forces that affect this opinion are numerous. Thus, leaving the public opinion...
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...individual's race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin.” Racial profiling is more common in busy cities, like L.A. rather than small towns in rural areas. MacDonald says that, “L.A. cops discriminate against minorities.” Racial profiling becomes more common every day, but people disagree whether it actually prevents crime or is it just discrimination. Many...
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...reflect these factors rather than greater criminality arising from ethnicity itself. The evidence on ethnicity and crime In 2008, the Ministry of Justice reported that, compared to white people, black people were: (1) More likely to be arrested for robbery (2) Three times more likely to be cautioned by the police (3) Three and a half times more likely to be arrested (4) More likely, to be found guilty, or receive custodial sentence (5) Five times more likely to be in prison Asians compared to white people were: (1) Twice as likely to be stopped and searched (2) More likely to be charged and face court proceedings than to receive a caution (3) More likely to receive custodial sentence if found guilty (4) More likely to be arrested for fraud and forgery Sociological explanations of black criminality Neo Marxist Approach: Gilroy argues that crime by black people, was a form of political action (1970s), representing a culture of resistance to oppressors in the form of police racism and harassment. He denies there was greater criminality among black people than whites, suggesting this was a myth created by negative stereotyping by the police, who saw ethnic minorities as untrustworthy. Lea and Young pointed out that most crimes are reported by the public, not uncovered by the police. The fact that Asian crime rates are, in general, similar to those of whites suggests that police racism is rather inconsistent, which is...
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...Team C: Jury Nullification CJA/344 October 15, 2012 Team C: Jury Nullification Jury nullification has been a growing concern throughout the years for many Americans. Jury nullification is a constitutional doctrine that allows juries to acquit guilty defendants but who do not deserve punishment. Many believe that when this sort of action takes place the jury racially identify with the criminal defendant. There have been several cases for an example: the O.J Simpson case or the police officers in the Rodney King beating. The evidence was visible, but the verdict was not guilty. This paper includes how and if ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings and judicial practices, arguments against ethnicity-based jury nullification, contemporary examples of ethnicity based-jury nullification, and by choosing a position for or against ethnicity-based jury nullification. Ethnicity Influences and Judicial Practices There have been plenty of attempts to advance equal justice in the United States (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). In the criminal justice administration disparity still remains a concern. Criminal justice research on sentencing has found disparity based on defendant characteristics as gender, race, and class. There have been two changes by many individuals to secure equal justice in the court system. Implementations of sentencing guidelines, reduce bias, and increased racial and ethnic group representation among arbiters...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Part 1: Outline Sharon Upshaw CJA/344 May 17, 2016 Diana Mitchell Ethnicity and the Police Part 1: Outline POLICE CORRUPTION IN THE UNITED STATES Police misconduct is rising throughout the United States regardless of the Department of Justice attempts of interventions. These interventions are not only to improve the training of officers but also to build a better relationship and trust of the community. Why is there a huge spike in police brutality since the Obama administration if the U.S. department of Justice is monitoring the police agencies? I. Police corruption within law enforcement agencies A. Racial profiling 1. Illegal search and seizure 2. African American and Latino’s 3. Driving while black B. Complaints by citizens relative to ethnicity 1. Harassment in minority communities 2. Excessive use of force 3. Deadly force II. Police brutality among minorities are high A. Bureau of Justice Statistic 1. Ethnic groups perception of police 2. Civil Rights violations B. Deaths of civilians by police use of excessive force 1. Black lives matter 2. Ban of choke holds III. All states needs racial profiling laws A. NAACP Reports that twenty states do not have this law 1. Data collection of police stop and seizure 2. DOJ to revised a new guide on racial profiling B. Mistrust of police grows in minority communities 1. Unfair treatment by...
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...on crime and ethnicity provide a valid picture of the criminal activities of ethnic minorities? The purpose of official statistics is to provide us with an unbiased, objective and informative look at crime rates within the UK. However, although the statistics themselves may, to a certain extent, be reliable, the way in which they are obtained is not. Police in different areas may deem certain areas of crime a priority and thus report and record these accordingly. Also, biases within the system itself against those from ethnic minorities may affect the resulting statistics to portray an uneven account of criminal activity. The relationship between crime rates and ethnicity is extremely complex due to other factors such as the difficulty of identifying a person’s ethnic origin and the cultural and social differences between ethnic groups. It has been shown on a variety of occasions that male black youths are disproportionately selected by the police to be ‘stopped and searched’; this then results in higher numbers of black youths being charged with offences as they have been caught doing so. However, the same crimes are probably being committed by other subcultures within society, but as both the media and police do not focus on them, they are not being seen. There are many flaws with official statistics and therefore their reliability. For example, there are sections of crime that are not dealt with by the police; the management...
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...When we are children, we are taught to not judge a book by its over but this is easier said than done. Racial profiling is the prejudiced practice by law enforcement officers and people or the use of an individual’s race, national origin and ethnicity as a belief of crime or committing an offense. Criminal profiling, mostly, as practiced by law officers, is the dependence on a type of character traits they believe to be related with felonies. Racial profiling has been a very serious issue over these past years. Identifying unlawful activities by using the practice of race as a means of profiling has been used in so many ways including...
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...their race or ethnicity. Racial profiling defined by U.S department of Justice as: Any police-initiated action that relies on the race,ethnicity,or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been,engaged in criminal activity. ( United States Department of Justice, 2000). Racial Profiling is an occurring problem in the U.S that needs to stop. Racial Profiling is one of the most active pressing issues in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system has and...
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