...Aristotle created rhetorical appeals, he divided these so called appeals into three categories: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. Rhetorical appeals are made to help your argument goals by helping your persuade your audience of your ideas. Ethos is to help support your argument by using credibility. In essence we typically believe the people around us that we respect. This appeal helps identify you as a person that the audience should listen to because you know lot about the topic or you have authority (Durham). Ethos can be related to the word ethics or moral principles of the writer or speaker (Writing Commons). One example of this would be, if a Basketball player is giving a speech the audience will think his Ethos is strong because he has a lot of experience (Williams). Another example of this would be the time when my father was in the marine corp. My family had to attend a rank ceremony. During this a Sergeant gave a speech in which the whole crown fell silent as he began his speech. This is an example of Ethos because the crowd found the Sergeant a highly respectable and creditable person that they need to listen too....
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...The Rhetoric: Aristotle At some point or another, eventually you are persuaded or convinced to do something through some sort of speech or writing. Whereas, great Philosophers such as Aristotle have used art of persuasion in order to influence others through his memorable works of art and writings. Aristotle’s rhetoric exemplifies this by using the principles of ethos, pathos and logos. The theory of rhetoric looks at the way people use persuasion through their writing and their speeches in order to make people act or think in a certain way or to comply with what you are saying or writing. “Aristotle saw the function of rhetoric as the discovery in each case of “the available means of persuasion” (Griffin, 2015). Aristotle believed in three different types of speeches that you use the expressionism of rhetoric and they are deliberative, judicial and epideictic. As explained in Covino’s work, a deliberative speech will focus on decisions that mainly concern the future. This is typically delivered to a legislative body, such as U.S Congress or Legislative Assembly. The second form of speeches, as Covino explains, is judicial. The judicial focuses on decisions about what has previously happened in the past. These kinds of speeches are generally delivered in a court...
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...Stephen Mailloux’s (1995, ed) discussion of “Sophistry and Rhetorical pragmatism” (pp1-30) and West and Turner’s (2010, pp.312-327) discussion of “Rhetoric”. This essay is a review of Stephen Mailloux’s discussion of Sophistry and Rhetorical pragmatism (Mailloux, 1995) and West and Turner’s discussion of Rhetoric (West & Turner, 2010). The writings in question discuss the origins and evolution of Rhetoric, with Mailloux introduce a historical and philosophical criticism of “sophistic Rhetoric as applied in the modern American context” (for example, neopragmatism and poststructuralism), and evaluated in the rest of the book, whilst West and Turner enlighten the reader about the heurism and globalism of Aristotle’s Rhetorical theory with a focus on the discipline of public speaking. Mailloux introduces sophistic Rhetoric as founded on the pragmatic doctrine that “Man is the measure of all things: of things which are, that they are, and of things which are not, that they are not”, a phrase attributed to the Sophist Protagoras (Patrick, 2006). Others Sophists of note include Gorgias, Prodicus, Hippias and Thrasymachus – quoted in Plato’s Republic as saying “… ‘Just’ or ‘right’ means nothing but what is to the interest of the stronger party” (Plato & Lane, 2007)). West and Turner’s account of the Rhetoric show that the first teachers of Rhetoric were the "Sophists”, who were nomadic teachers of public speaking that were respected for their intellect and subsequently paid highly for their...
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...Classical Communication Models 1. Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric. a. “Rhetoric” is “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion” Rhetoric is the counterpart of Dialectic. Both alike are concerned with such things as come, more or less, within the general ken of all men and belong to no definite science. Aristotle, On Rhetoric Aristotle was the first to take an initiative and design the communication model.Let us first go through a simple situation.In a political meeting, the prospective leader delivers speech to the audience urging for more votes from the constituency. He tries to convince the crowd in the best possible way he can so that he emerges as a winner. What is he actually doing ?He is delivering his speech in a manner that the listeners would get convinced and cast their votes only in his favour, or in other words respond in the same manner the speaker wanted to. Here the leader or the speaker or the sender is the centre of attraction and the crowd simply the passive listeners. | The example actually explains the Aristotle model of communication. The Aristotle model of communication is the widely accepted and the most common model of communication where the sender sends the information or a message to the receivers to influence them and make them respond and act accordingly. Aristotle model of communication is the golden rule to excel in public speaking, seminars, lectures where the sender makes his point clear...
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...It’s crazy to think that we still use Aristotle's rhetoric, Roughly 300 BC is when Aristotle created the rhetoric and we still use his ideas today. Aristotle's work is believed to be the first known contribution to persuasion. Robert F. Kennedy’s Speech Following the Death of Martin Luther King Jr. was altogether very persuasive, his use of ethos logos and pathos was superb. RFK and Mlk were both firm believers that nonviolence was the most effective form of civil disobedience. Robert F. Kennedy’s Speech Following the Death of Martin Luther King Jr. was altogether very persuasive, his use of ethos logos and pathos was superb. Mr. Kennedy’s use of Ethos in his speech helped build his trustworthiness to the audience. RFK told a personal story about his brother being shot, it was the first time that he...
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...472 Spring 2007 February 20, 2007 Aristotle’s Life and the Rhetoric Books I and II Aristotle (384-322 BCE) • Aristotle was a student of Plato’s who disagreed with his mentor over the place of public speaking in Athenian life • born in Macedonia about the time Plato was opening the Academy in Athens • age seven went to Athens and entered the Academy--stayed on as teacher; left 20 yrs later on Plato’s death in 347 • Was ineligible to inherit Academy because he wasn’t Athenian • believed only scientific demonstration and the analysis of formal logic could arrive at transcendent truth • Dialectic and rhetoric form 2 major divisions in his view of human inquiry but they deal with subjects on which true knowledge isn’t available • Rhetoric: making persuasion possible • for Aristotle, rhetoric as the discovery in each case of the available means of persuasion--this discovery requires scientific investigation o in terms of speech situations, he focused on civic affairs • forensic speaking considers guilt or innocence—judicial speech centering on accusation and defense • deliberative speaking considers future policy—political speech centering on future policy • epideictic speaking considers praise and blame—ceremonial speech ▪ Aristotle classified rhetoric as the counterpart of dialectic o dialectic is on-on-one conversation; rhetoric is one person addressing the many ...
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...Rhetorical Analysis Paper Martin Luther King Jr.: I Have a Dream According to Aristotle, there are three ways for a speaker to persuade his audience: ethos, logos, and pathos ("American rhetoric: Aristotle's rhetoric - selected moments," n.d.). Aristotle noted that a speech should “engage both the rational and non-rational elements of the listener's soul” (Wardy, 1996, p. 63). The speaker must have credibility with their audience and appear fair, open-minded, honest, and knowledgeable (ethos). He/she must also have logical appeal with strong, valid arguments based on facts and, perhaps, with personal experience and observations (logos). And, finally, the speaker must emotionally appeal to the audience and create a personal connection to draw and hold their attention (pathos). Of the three, Aristotle believed that ideally arguments should be made with reason, or logic, alone (McKay & McKay, 2010). However, it is often a speaker’s emotional appeal that creates the personal connection, as well as captivates and motivates the audience … and few have done that better than the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. If you say the words “I have a dream”, Americans from age 18 to 80 immediately think of Martin Luther King Jr. They may not know the words achieved notoriety from a speech given at an equal rights march on Washington, DC in August 1963. They may not know that 250,000 blacks gathered at the National Mall to demand "jobs and freedom" (Hampson, 2013). Additionally, they...
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...and writer, Jay Heinrich writes an informative and persuasive book, thank you for arguing to imply what Aristotle, Lincoln and Homer Simpson can teach us about the art of persuasion. Heinrich’s purpose was to persuade readers on the different ways to argue using rhetoric and how to use the different argument tools such as ethos, logos and pathos to argue. Heinrich first began with a changed life when John Quincy Adams introduced him to rhetoric. After being introduced to rhetoric Heinrich saw rhetoric as a function of argument without anger. In terms of rhetorical strategy he defines seduction as manipulation which leads to consensus. According to Heinrich, a good tool for determining the outcome of an argument, is to not try to outscore your opponent, but try to instead get your way. In order to succeed that particular tool, you must have a personal goal in what you would want...
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...the tools typically used in rhetorical or persuasive writing. He took full advantage of Aristotle’s three areas of rhetorical speech writing: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos, paired along with other literary tools such as repetition, rhythm, and comparison. President Kennedy opens his speech by establishing credibility, or ethos, “For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.(Americanrhetoric.com)” This excerpt tells the American people that he has followed the rules and has a legitimate responsibility to the American public as did the Presidents in the past. He is official. Then, a few moments later, JFK begins to capitalize on the emotions of the people, tying himself to them, identifying with them by using words such as “we.” This is the pathos part of his speech, “the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. (americanrhetoric.com)” Throughout Kennedy’s speech he uses emotionally charged words to draw in the American public and get them to relate to the topics at hand. He also uses Aristotle’s logos, or logic, to convince the people, “we pledge our best efforts to help them help...
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...the tools typically used in rhetorical or persuasive writing. He took full advantage of Aristotle’s three areas of rhetorical speech writing: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos, paired along with other literary tools such as repetition, rhythm, and comparison. President Kennedy opens his speech by establishing credibility, or ethos, “For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.(Americanrhetoric.com)” This excerpt tells the American people that he has followed the rules and has a legitimate responsibility to the American public as did the Presidents in the past. He is official. Then, a few moments later, JFK begins to capitalize on the emotions of the people, tying himself to them, identifying with them by using words such as “we.” This is the pathos part of his speech, “the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. (americanrhetoric.com)” Throughout Kennedy’s speech he uses emotionally charged words to draw in the American public and get them to relate to the topics at hand. He also uses Aristotle’s logos, or logic, to convince the people, “we pledge our best efforts to help them help...
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...the topic of attention blindness. She has many examples of ways we can fight attention blindness and change society as a whole by just modernizing with technology. Cathy Davidson does an excellent job using logos, ethos, and pathos to prove her argument on attention blindness. Logos is the logic is used to support a claim; can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument. Throughout this whole Ms. Cathy Davidson does a great job using statistics and other logical information to back up her argument. A great example of this is in chapter 8 when she discusses how the World Wide Web is effective if everyone uses it. She uses logos by saying over 80 percent of Americans between the ages of fifty and fifty-four are now online. She goes into more depth in this chapter with the use of statistics when she talks about how it is not only young people using social networking but also forty percent of the people who use Facebook and Myspace are over the age of thirty-five. When she uses examples like those it gives you a good mental understanding of how many older people are trying to keep up with technology, thus helping her defend her argument even better. Ethos is the source's credibility and the speaker's or author's authority. Ms. Davidson has good ethos and this makes her argument more believable. You can look at her credentials and see that she is a person who knows what she is talking about. She has all the accolades a person needs to make them sound like they...
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...wants to bring us. He shares his ideas to help American’s to succeed based on a unity within the people. His ideals go beyond people’s gender, religious beliefs, race, color or sexual orientation, as long as people can come together we will be able to accomplish a lot and keep moving forward. A big part of the speech is about race. What Obama tries to say is that people are missing the big picture and that people have too much focus on race and diversity that if they do not start to change that then it will have big consequences in the future, like going back in time where slavery was normal. Barack Obama’s speech echoes the rhetorical concepts of ethos, pathos and logos, which are all explicitly discussed within Aristotle’s The Rhetoric [2]. Ethos is about how trustable a person is and if the person is reliable, where pathos is all about the emotions and feelings and how strongly they are presented, and the last one is used for logic knowledge and statistics and is called logos. All the rhetorical concepts are evident...
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...out. He tells about his deal for America and its success that is based on a unity within the people of America. For him, it does not matter what gender, religious background or race that you have, as long as people come together to unite in their, once, promised union and keep moving forward. A big part of the speech is about race. What Obama tries to say is that people are missing the big picture and that people have too much focus on race and diversity that if they do not start to change that then it will have big consequences in the future, like going back in time where slavery was normal. Barack Obama’s speech echoes the rhetorical concepts of ethos, pathos and logos, which are all explicitly discussed within Aristotle’s The Rhetoric[2]. Ethos is about how trustable a person is and if the person is reliable, where pathos is all about the...
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...Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 to John and Elizabeth Dickens. Charles was the second of eight children. Charles parents became debtor prisoners and during that time, at the age of twelve Charles went to live with a family friend Elizabeth Rylance. There Charles attended a private school for three years. In May 1827 Charles worked as a junior clerk for the law offices of Ellis and Blackmore. In 1832 at the age of 20 Charles submitted his first story A Dinner at Poplar Walk. As a young man Charles also mastered shorthand, and before long was employed as a Parliamentary reporter. In 1836 at the age of 25 he started working at Pickwick Papers. At Pickwick Papers he published many of his novels in monthly installment in the paper. The first of these installments were from the novel Oliver’s Twist, which would later be published in 1838. Some of Charles Dickens other novels include Nicholas Nickleby, The Old Curiosity Shop, A Christmas Story, David Copperfield, Bleak House, Hard Times, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, and Our Mutual Friend. Charles Dickens first love was a woman by the name of Maria Beadnell, after Maria’s parents disapproved of their courtship Maria was sent away to school in Paris. On April 2, 1836 after a one year engagement Charles married Catherine Thomson Hogarth. Together Charles and Catherine would have 10 children and be together for 18 years. In 1857 however Charles would hire Ellen Ternan to star in one of his plays and...
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...propaganda have varied widely over the past centuries. And indeed, at the center of political planning and public interaction while often unnoticed is rhetoric. Rhetoric if employed properly or improperly can make or break a political campaign and in one case for candidate Donald Trump it is hurting him. Trump has compromised some of his credibility or ethos with potential voters because how can you promote a tax reform for the rich, when you don’t pay taxes yourself? Even if he has paid taxes his refusal to release his tax return has comprised his credibility. Ethos is critical for politicians and Trump, in this case has failed to communicate rhetorically. The term ethos was a term coined by Aristotle to describe the...
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