...Introduction The EU 2020 Strategy is the new growth strategy for Europe. Aiming at “smart, inclusive, and sustainable growth”, the strategy has a threefold approach that shall enable the EU to emerge stronger from the economic and financial crisis. With new priorities and new governance approaches, the EU 2020 Strategy moves beyond its predecessor, the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs, adopted by the European Council in spring 2000. The Lisbon Strategy aimed at turning the EU into “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economic area in the world capable of sustainable economic growth and more and better jobs and social cohesion” (Council 2000). The Lisbon Strategy has been criticized in particular for its “lack of focus and of embedding in national policy-making procedures” (Begg 2008: 427). The complicated governance and implementation structure of the Strategy was seen as major reason why several targets could not be fulfilled. Some shortcomings of the Lisbon Strategy were recognized early, which led to the reorientation of the Strategy on the growth and job aspects in 2005 (ibid.: 427). Nevertheless, the EU did not achieve several of the Lisbon targets in 2010, so that the Strategy has often been labeled as “failed” (Tausch 2010). The EU 2020 Strategy has been designed with the attempt to solve the shortcomings of the Lisbon Strategy so that much attention was given to the governance of the Strategy. After a short evaluation of the Lisbon Strategy, on 3rd...
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...Wawasan 2020 or Vision 2020 is a malaysian ideal introduced by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir bin Mohamad during the tabling of the Sixth Malaysia Plan in 1991. The vision calls for the nation to achieve a self-sufficient industrialized nation by the year 2020, encompasses all aspects of life, from economic prosperity, social well-being, educational worldclass, political stability, as well as psychological balance. In order to achieve Vision 2020, Mahathir lamented that the nation required an annual growth of 7% (in real terms) over the thirty-year periods (1990–2020), so that the economy would be eightfold stronger than its 1990 GDP of RM115 billion. This would translate to a GDP of RM920 billion (in 1990 Ringgit terms) in 2020.Wawasan 2020 is also the title of an article by William Greider about globalization in Malaysia.Mahathir had outlined nine strategic challenges that Malaysia must overcome to achieve Vision 2020. The first challenge is establishing a united Malaysian nation made up of one Bangsa Malaysia (Malaysian Race). The second challenge is creating a psychologically liberated, secure and developed Malaysian society. The third challenge is fostering and developing a mature democratic society. The fourth challenge is establishing a fully moral and ethical society. The fifth challenge is establishing a matured liberal and tolerant society. The sixth challenge is establishing a scientific and progressive society. The seventh challenge is establishing...
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...So, what is Vision 2020? The Vision 2020 was developed to be a long-term goal for the nation, the goal of Malaysia becoming a “fully developed country” by year 2020 (The Mahathir Years, 2009). In other words, by the year 2020, Malaysia can be a united nation, with a confident Malaysian society, infused by strong moral and ethical values, living in a society that is democratic, liberal and tolerant, caring, economically just and equitable, progressive and prosperous, and in full possession of an economy that is competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient (Wawasan 2020, nd). However, the Vision 2020 equires the Malaysian economy to grow at 7.0% per annum. The 9th Malaysia Plan envisages an annual growth of 6.5%, while the Third Industrial Master Plan targets 6.3% growth for the plan period (Gregore Pio Lopez, nd). Also, Malaysia could not be fully developed until Malaysia has finally overcome the nine central strategic challenges that have confronted us from the moment of our birth as an independent nation. According to Wawasan 2020, it is to be said that one of the challenges of achieving Vision 2020 will be establishing establishing a united Malaysian nation with a sense of common and shared destiny. This must be a nation at peace with itself, territorially and ethnically integrated, living in harmony and full and fair partnership, made up of one 'Bangsa Malaysia' with political loyalty and dedication to the nation. For instance, this can be seen in the big gap between Malay...
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...Syria but it is also important to discuss the larger role of immigrants coming to Europe and whether European nations should be allowing a larger number into their borders. Taking the UK as an example it could seem obvious to people that with already a housing shortage with only 100 000 new houses being built every year, when according to university research to cope with an ever growing population 240 000 new homes are needed each year allowing a large number of immigrants in doesn't make sense. In fact the governor of the Bank of England, complained that housebuilding in the UK was half that of his native Canada, despite the UK having a population twice the size. The common metaphor of trying to fit a square peg in a round hole could be applied to these facts. There are also some more ignorant arguments often heard against immigration. One of these is that many immigrants are coming to the country to claim benefits. In fact immigrants are less likely to with only 7% of immigrants claiming some sort of benefits compared to 15% of working age Britons. Regarding wages there is no evidence that immigrants bring down the average wages of a country but figures do show that for low-skilled jobs immigrants keep the wages low. Although yearly figures show that the populations in European countries are expanding the rate of growth is slowing down along with the fertility rate. Many countries in Europe are now experiencing ageing populations. According to the European Commission's...
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...The European Union was founded and created in 1951, after two World Wars and numerous conflicts and wars within Europe. Though it was not created as a union for all of Europe, but as a treaty signed by six European countries; Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg and was then called the “Coal and Steel Treaty”. The Treaty would then as time went by be joined by more countries and eventually, as the situation in Europe changed, it went from “Coal and Steel Treaty” to the European Union with the power and influence it actually has today. The work of the European Union might not show in the everyday life for a typical citizen, but it is there, and does actually affect the situation, not only considering the huge amount of money that is put into the union every year. Every year, all the member countries are to put money into the union in order for it to be able to function properly, and long-time budget lasting from 2014 to 2020 has been set up with the sum of 960 billion euro1, of which a large percentage comes from the rich countries2. But the EU is not only costing the member countries money. The Union is the reason Europeans are able to move freely over European borders, the United Kingdom being the only exception, and European citizens are also allowed to move and seek for employment in other European countries. The EU is also a trade bloc, and thereby makes trading easy since no tariffs or quotas are required. Because of free trade and people being...
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...July 2011 European growth and renewal: The path from crisis to recovery The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, was established in 1990 to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. Our goal is to provide leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors with the facts and insights on which to base management and policy decisions. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on four themes: productivity and growth; the evolution of global financial markets; the economic impact of technology and innovation; and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, and the impact of the Internet. MGI is led by three McKinsey & Company directors: Richard Dobbs, James Manyika, and Charles Roxburgh. Susan Lund serves as director of research. Project teams are led by a group of senior fellows and include consultants from McKinsey’s offices around the world. These teams draw on McKinsey’s global network of partners and industry...
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...stated: "A substantial percentage of all cancer is caused by environmental and occupational exposures". (3) Expert scientific reviews have linked endocrine-disrupting chemicals to breast and prostate cancer. (4) A European Commission assessment of REACH prior to its introduction stated that if this legislation succeeds in reducing chemical-related diseases by only 10%, the health benefits are estimated at 50 billion Euros over 30 years. This corresponds with 2,200 to 4,300 fewer cancer cases in the workplace annually. (5) Children are especially vulnerable The Asturias declaration says: "Pregnant women, fetuses, infants, children and workers are especially vulnerable." (3) Childhood cancer is increasing at a rate of more than 1% per year in Europe. (6) Cancer is diagnosed in one child in every 500 before the age of 15 years. (7) In the US, the growing burden from environment-related ill-health in children is reflected in health care costs. A recent review in the US estimated health costs of children's environmental illness at 3.5% of the nation's total budget, up from 2.8% in a similar study in 1997. (8) Chemicals causing...
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...in May, 1952, This initial treaty was known as the coal & steel community. However, the treaty developed the ideology behind the creation and establishment of the European Union. Eventually, in 1993, the Maastricht treaty was signed, thus, the European union was created. There have been two further treaty’s built the foundation established in the 1950’s to create a more inclusive institutional system and structure for member states. There are 766 members in the European union, representing 28 member states and speaking 22 languages, the members sit in Strasbourg, Brussels and Luxembourg and represent some 380 million people stretching across Europe. The...
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...push and pull factors - often both appear together. Push factors are circumstances in the country of origin that lead people to emigrate, for example poverty, war or environmental disasters. Pull factors are conditions in the destination country that make immigration attractive such as economic opportunity and political freedom. Overall trends By far the most immigrants live in the United States followed by Russia and Germany. The main countries of origin are Mexico, India, China and Russia. In proportion to the population Persian Gulf countries host the largest share of migrants - about 35% of their population. They mostly come from South Asia and Egypt. Most migrants in the US come from Latin America, particularly from Mexico. In Europe the origin of immigrants differs considerably between countries and reflects their historical development: in Germany and Denmark a large share of migrants are of Turkish origin, most immigrants in France, Portugal and...
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...Garrett Weston Weston 1 Dr. Donna Nincic GMA 105 October 25, 2011 Short Sea Shipping As roads become more congested and trade increases, United States’ ports and businesses begin to look for alternative forms of transportation in order to move cargo off of the roads and onto the water. One solution to this issue is the implication of Short Sea Shipping. Short Sea Shipping is the act of shipping intercontinentally, using waterways such as rivers and inlets to transport people and goods from one destination to another without crossing over oceans. An example of this would be using the Mississippi River as a trade route to transport goods from Canada to the Gulf Coast. Though Short Sea Shipping has been around for centuries, today’s over-congestion of North American highway trade and travel has created a greater demand for this method of transportation. It has already proven to be a successful mean of shipping and is currently at the forefront of Europe’s transportation system. The use of this type of shipping has many benefits, including: the potential to alleviate air pollution, reduce accidents and congestion on our freeways, while also saving the shipping companies money. International trade between Asia and the United States’ West Coast ports, transiting through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, is expected to double in volume in the next fifteen years (ESCAP 2010). These greater volumes of commercial traffic are adding to congestion and environmental...
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...Tourism is so important to the nation that five airports have been built since 2005, and tourist numbers have reached 300,000 per year. Many in the government believe that the islands will attract one million visitors by the year 2020. However, tourism is a highly volatile industry, with major competition, which makes it very fragile. Knowing this, the government is looking into economic alternatives. The best alternative to date is for the islands to become a regional hub for transport, maritime, financial, and IT services. In the late 1970s and 1980s, most African countries prohibited South African Airways from over-flights but Cape Verde allowed them and became a center of activity for the airline's flights to Europe and the United States. This was the beginning of the nation’s quest to reach beyond the tourism industry. Gender Relations One of the biggest issues in Cape Verde is the relationship between the genders. The constitution is clear on gender equality, but sexism still exists in the country. Wives are beaten on a regular basis; the exploitation of young teenage girls by older men is defended by families as economic security, rather than a crime. Many women accept violence with the thought...
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...India’s Bid for Olympics 2020 Hospitality: The Expected attendance to the Olympic event is expect to be around 10 million people worldwide. The major issues concern for delhi hosting the games will be the Chronic power cuts. In order to meet the high energy demands during the games, large scale power production initiatives have to be taken to increase the existing capacity from 7000 Mw to 12000 Mw. In addition to physical preparation, free accommodation for all athletes at the Games Village, as well as free transport and other benefits, such as a free trip to the famed Taj Mahal and a reserved lane for participants on selected highways was provided Resorts & Hotel: There are also many luxary resorts in Delhi which can provide you many extra facilities and comfort and have special packages which one can enjoy. The five star hotel, Hotel Ashok, in New Delhi, has a memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Indian Olympic Association and India Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) & was Officially the Games Family Hotel for CWG games ,2010. The Hotel Ashok has more than 500 rooms with 60 executive suites. Even though there many hotels in delhi,there is still a need for more hotels & resorts to accomadate the large no. of people Security: Transport: Indira Gandhi International Airport is modernised, expanded, and upgraded. Costing nearly $1.95 billion ,Terminal 3 has increased airport passenger capacity to more than 37 million passengers a year by 2010. A new runway has...
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...Rugby vs American Football General purpose: to persuade & gain the audiences interest Specific purpose: to get the audience to want to learn more about rugby, and hopefully pass their interest onto their friends and family Thesis: Rugby is everywhere; understanding just a little about the game would bring a common interest between you and the rest of the world Attention: When will our nation (US) get its head out of their asses and realize we are focused on the wrong things for entertainment? Credibility: Over 20 years experience in American football and 12 years experience in Rugby; I believe I have enough time in to be considered a reliable source Preview: I want to share some comparisons with facts and personal experience Main Body A.) I’ll discuss where the two games derived B.) I’ll talk about the differences between injuries, and which game you’re most likely to get injured C.) Lastly, I’ll break down the game by giving you some statistics on how much actual game time action you observe on average during a single game Benefits: 1.) Rugby is a year round sport 2.) The only equipment needed to play rugby are cleats and a mouth guard 3.) Rugby is played on every continent, and in almost every country Solutions: 1.) Use the internet to watch videos and learn more about the rules 2.) Search for nearby teams and look on the schedule for a nearby game 3.) Rent a movie that contains rugby ( ie., Invictus, Forever Strong) Conclusion Action:...
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...E SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by ...
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...Let Europe arise! Introduction In this short essay I am going to focus on the current state of the EU and its process of integration which is something what reaches to a far history. Because already after the Second World War the thought on the European integration emerged. In 1946, Winston Churchill had his speech about uniting Europe, and even now it is still a current issue. Every day we hear about globalization and integration of states which should ensure economic prosperity and political stability for participating states by mutual cooperation and also many communities regarding this have been established. First of all, I am going to briefly outline Churchill’s speech and Declaration by Schuman. Then I am going to try to reflect the main concepts of those two speeches in today’s situation. I am going to discuss what result were brought by the process of integration. And finally, I am going to take a look at the most important community in Europe, the European Union and its goals which still have to be done. Protagonists Churchill and Schuman “Winston Churchill (…) was one of the first to call for the creation of a ‘United States of Europe’. “ He believed that peace could be guaranteed only by a united Europe and that united Europe would bring happiness, prosperity and glory. According to him, the first step must have been to create a Council of Europe (europa.eu). Schuman’s speech took place in 1950 and its purpose was to create a European Coal and Steel Community...
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