...We carried out our investigation on the River Harbourne in the south west of England in the county of Devon. The river is approximately 18km long which runs south easterly. It is situated amongst a rural catchment area with small settlements. Our investigation was looking into the downstream changes of the River Harbourne. Investigating how the width of the channel will increase we will use linear and stratified sampling. To collect this data, we used a tape measure to show the change in lateral erosion and how increasing lateral erosion is due to a decreasing gradient which therefore makes the sediment and river flow cut into the river side's widening the river. We measured this data in metres. We measured, using the tape measure, across the surface of the river from bank to bank. We found that this chosen method was simple to use and, the data we collected from it was easy to record. Although this proved to provide us with the width data, we found that the tape measure results could not be deemed as accurate as it had many limitations; the tape measure was not always torte therefore, not providing us with reliable data. Further, we did not always take the measurements exactly from bank to bank providing us with unreliable data. Lastly, we found that external disturbances, such as people measuring knocking into it disrupted readings and therefore again providing us with unreliable data. Although, we did try to ensure that we had some data accuracy and reliability by having...
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... * Is a scholarly activity aimed at finding new truths about a specific discipline basically designed to find solution to a problem. * Done in various fields of studies. * May be done in natural sciences like Biology, Chemistry and Physics. And in the field of social sciences such as Sociology, Psychology, Education, Anthropology, Industry and the like. Definitions of Research * a systematic patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster’s New World Dictionary, 1994) * a systematic investigation in order to establish facts and new conclusions (Oxford, 1996) Definitions of Research * a systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles or theories resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events (Best & Kahn, 1998) * purposive, systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of life (Calderon, 2000) * a process of systematically examining and explaining the observables. It seeks to generate answers to questions but it also generates further questions for study. In the scientific sense, research...
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...[pic] FOOD SAFETY / FOOD DEFENSE RESPONSE PLAN September 2006 This document was prepared by Kenadine Johnson and staff Montana Office of Public Instruction Helena, Montana FOOD SAFETY/FOOD DEFENSE RESPONSE PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-3 RESOURCES----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 A listing of links and papers we used to help compile this document. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------ 5 SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Foreword ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Purpose------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Goals---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SECTION II: SITUATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS----------------------- 8-9 SECTION III: CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS A. Incident Identification---------------------------------------------------------- 10 B. Notification and Action Triggers--------------------------------------------- 10 C. Communication----------------------------------------------------------------- 11 D. Interstate Coordination--------------------------------------------------------- 11 E. Food Team-----------------------------------------------------------------------...
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...Study 4. Areas of Business Research 5. How to start Business Research 6. Business Research Analysis : Basic Steps 7. Business Research Problem 8. Primary Business Information 9. Research Proposal ( also in Unit2) 10. Research Methods versus Methodology 11. Types of Research 12. Functions of Business Research 13. Relevance of Business Research to Managers 14. Need to perform Business Research 15. Managerial Effectiveness and Research 16. Management Consultant 17. The Building Blocks of Science in Research 18. Induction & Deduction in Business Research 19. The Case Study as a Research Method 20. Case Study to Assess Business Situations 21. Difference between the case method and a case study? 22. Business Research Topics 23. Business Research in the 21st Century Definition of Research Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.”1 Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge.”2 Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to the unknown....
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...organizing, presenting and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of human life. 1.1.1) History of Research Historical records reveal that there is no written document on the beginning of business research as an organized business activity, but this is definitely of modern origin. During the Middle Ages, the merchant families of Fugger and Rothschild prospered in part because their organizations enabled them to get information before their competitors did. These studies were unsystematic, but considered to be well organized during that time. In 1879, more by accident than foresight, N. W. Ayer and Son conducted a crude but formal market survey, to measure markets for agricultural machineries, manufactured by Nicholas-Shepard Company. This market survey is probably the first real attempt at business research in the United States. The Curits Publishing company is generally conceived to have formed the first formal business research department with the appointment of Charles Parlin as manager of the Commercial Research Division of the Advertising Department in 1911. His original idea was that advertising space could be sold more effectively by presenting well-organized business data to prospective advertising clients. Several years later, in June 1915, the United States Rubber Company appointed Dr. Paul...
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...Faculty of Education and School of Postgraduate Studies Amoud University - Somaliland [pic] Barkhadleh Printing, BORAMA - SOMALILAND Typesetting and Printing By Barkhadleh Printing, Borama, Somaliland. Barkhadleh52hotmail.com /0025224509257 Copyright © Willis Yuko Oso, 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part or transmitted in any form or by any means (except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical review for educational purposes) without the express permission of the publisher in writing. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Willis Yuko Oso Faculty of Education and School of Postgraduate Studies Amoud University Somaliland ISBN: 978-9966-793-32-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES vii SYMBOLS USED IN THE TEXT x PREFACE xi 1: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH – CONCEPTUALIZATION 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Defining Educational Research 1 1.2 Characteristics of Educational Research 4 1.3 Purpose of Educational Research 5 1.4 Types of Research 9 1.4.1 Basic Research 9 1.4.2 Applied Research 10 1.4.3 Action Research 11 1.4.4 Research and Development (R&D) 15 1.4.5 Operations Research 15 2: THE RESEARCH PROCESS 18 2.0 Introduction 18 2.1 Research Topic 18 2.1.1 What is a Research Topic? 18 2.1.2 Elements of a Research Topic 19 2.1.3 Identifying a Research Topic 19 2.1.4 Sources of Research Topics 20 2.1.5 Selecting a Research Topic 21 2.1.6 Writing...
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...chilot.wordpress.com Legal Research Methods Teaching Material Prepared by: Prof (Dr) Khushal Vibhute & Filipos Aynale m Prepared under the Sponsorship of the Justice and Legal System Research Institute 2009 chilot.wordpress.com TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------1 1.1 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.2 Law and Society: Mutual Relationship & Interaction-----------------------------------------------------3 1.3 Legal System: A System of Norms and Social System?---------------------------------------------------4 1.4 Role of Law in A Planned Socio-Economic Development------------------------------------------------6 UNIT 2: LEGAL RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION----------------------------------8 2.1 What is research?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 Meaning of research---------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Objectives of research-------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Motivation in research------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Research and scientific method-------------------------------------------------------------------14 2.2 Types of research------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15...
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...1 EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Unit Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Sources Acquiring Knowledge 1.3 Meaning, Steps and Scope of Educational Research 1.4 Scientific Method, aims and characteristics of research as a scientific activity 1.5 Ethical considerations in Educational Research 1.6 Paradigms of Educational research 1.7 Types of Research 1.7.a Fundamental 1.7.b Applied Research 1.7.c. Action Research 1.0 OBJECTIVES : After reading this unit, you will be able to: 1 To explain the concept of Educational Research 2 To describe the scope of Educational Research 3 To state the purpose of Educational Research 4 To explain what is scientific enquiry. 5 To explain importance of theory development. 6 To explain relationship among science, education and educational research. 7 To Identity fundamental research 8 To Identity applied research 9 To Identify action research 10 To Differentiate between fundamental, applied, and action research 11 To Identify different paradigms of research 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION : Research purifies human life. It improves its quality. It is search for knowledge. If shows how to Solve any problem scientifically. It is a careful enquiry through search for any kind of Knowledge. It is a journey from known to unknown. It is a systematic effort to gain new knowledge in any kind of discipline. When it Seeks a solution of any educational problem it leads to educational...
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...BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting and Research and Analysis Project INFORMATION PACK 2012 - 2013 CONTENTS 1) 2) 3) About Oxford Brookes University ....................................................................... 1 Eligibility ............................................................................................................ 2 Conversion arrangements ................................................................................. 4 3.a) ACCA exam conversion arrangements ....................................................... 4 4) Aims and outcomes ........................................................................................... 5 4.a) 4.b) 4.c) Programme regulations ............................................................................... 5 Programme learning outcomes ................................................................... 6 RAP learning outcomes............................................................................... 7 5) Assessment ....................................................................................................... 9 5.a) 5.b) 5.c) 5.d) Marking and moderation of your work ......................................................... 9 Assessment criteria ..................................................................................... 9 Resubmission rules ................................................................................... 11 Determination of class of degree .........
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...BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting and Research and Analysis Project INFORMATION PACK 2013 - 2014 CONTENTS 1) 2) 3) About Oxford Brookes University ....................................................................... 1 Eligibility ............................................................................................................ 2 Conversion arrangements ................................................................................. 4 3.a) 4) ACCA exam conversion arrangements ....................................................... 4 Aims and outcomes ........................................................................................... 5 4.a) 4.b) 4.c) Programme regulations ............................................................................... 5 Programme learning outcomes ................................................................... 6 RAP learning outcomes............................................................................... 7 5) Assessment ....................................................................................................... 9 5.a) 5.b) 5.c) 5.d) Marking and moderation of your work ......................................................... 9 Assessment criteria ..................................................................................... 9 Resubmission rules ................................................................................... 12 Determination of class of degree .................
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...AER www.cxc.org www.cxc-store.com The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 This revised version published 2015 Permission to copy The material in this book is copyright. However, the publisher grants permission for copies to be made without fee. Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they are in charge; institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of that institution. For copying in any other circumstances, prior permission in writing must be obtained from Macmillan Publishers Limited. Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used, in part or in its entirety, for commercial gain. It must not be sold in any format. Designed by Macmillan Publishers Limited Cover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe CSEC Biology Free Resources LIST OF CONTENTS CSEC Biology Syllabus Extract 3 CSEC Biology Syllabus 4 CSEC Biology Specimen Papers: Paper 01 Paper 02 Paper 032 89 104 125 CSEC Biology Mark Schemes for Specimen Papers: Paper 01 Paper 02 Paper 032 136 137 149 CSEC Biology Subject Reports: 2004 January Subject Report 2004 June Subject Report 2005 January Subject Report 2006 January Subject Report 2007 January Subject Report 2007 May/June Subject Report 2008 January...
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...COURSE: LDP 603: RESEARCH METHODS Authored by: Dr. Christopher Mwangi Gakuu Senior Lecturer, Department of ExtraMural studies, University of Nairobi & Dr. Harriet Jepchumba Kidombo Senior Lecturer, Department of Educational Studies University of Nairobi Page 1 of 240 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE MODULE The Research Methods course is one of the first semester core courses for those learners pursuing the Master in Project Planning and Management course. You are aware that any good decision is based on facts. Facts are based on data. The data must be systematically collected, processed, analysed and presented for use. The best-known way of collecting empirical data is through scientific research methods. This is what this course module is all about. The main aims of this course unit is to: 1. Providing you with the basic information needed to understand the research process. 2. Enable you to use the knowledge to design their own research agenda on an area of personal interest or that of an organization. MODULE STRUCTURE The module is covered in Lectures. Each Lecture focuses on area in research. You will note that in each unit, there is an introduction, unit objectives, contents presented in subtopics, activities, summary and suggestions for further readings. This structure aims at making it easy for you to read the material more easily and logically. In each Lecture you will find some activities or exercises that you should go through before...
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...or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 32, M-Block Market Greater Kailash – I New Delhi 110 048 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7619 6538 6 ISBN 0 7619 6539 4 (pbk) Library of Congress catalog record available Typeset by Keystroke, Jacaranda Lodge, Wolverhampton. Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press Ltd, Trowbridge, Wiltshire CONTENTS Acknowledgements Introduction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Research and the Research Problem Information, and How to Deal with It Types of Research Nature and Use of Argument More about the Nature of Research Research Quality and Planning Research Methods Preparing the Research Proposal and Starting to Write References Index vi 1 5 39 69 117 151 189 225 276 314 318 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My grateful thanks go to Dr Roland Newman and Professor Mike Jenks, who gave me inspiration to write...
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...1 NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA COURSE CODE : DAM 205 COURSE TITLE: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY 2 COURSE GUIDE COURSE CODE DAM 205 COURSE TITLE DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY COURSE WRITER: MRS. AISHETU UMAR DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA DR. OLUSEGUN FOLORUNSHO DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA, NIGERAI. COURSE EDITOR PROGRAMME LEADER COURSE COORDINATOR 3 CONTENTS CONTENTS Page Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii iii iv iv v vi vii viii viii ix x xi xi xii What you will learn in this course Course aims Course objectives . . . . . . . . . . . Working through this course The course materials Study units . . . . . Presentation schedule Assessment . Tutor marked Assignment Final examination and Grading Course marking scheme Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials Summary . . . . INTRODUCTION Data collection methodology is a two credit unit first semester course available to first semester course available to students of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) Library and Information science. 4 Research involves data collection, any discipline of the social sciences, education and even the sciences needs a sound knowledge of research; how to conduct research, ethics of research and generally to write a report or design a study. The use and importance...
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...e eBook Collection RESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS A Skill-Building Approach Fourth Edition Uma Sekaran Southern Illinois University at Carbondale John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://www.wiley.com/college ACQUISITIONS EDITOR MARKETING MANAGER SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR SENIOR DESIGNER PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES COVER IMAGE Jeff Marshall Ilse Wolfe Patricia McFadden Harry Nolan Hermitage Publishing Services José Ortega/Stock Illustration Source This book was set in 10/12 Garamond by Hermitage Publishing Services and printed and bound by Malloy Lithographing, Inc. The cover was printed by Von Hoffmann Press, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. To order books please...
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