...my assignment. (Goffman and Foucault) Main Content * Goffmans views on what constitutes social order being made and remade through individuals, and how Mondermans’ Thesis relates to how Goffman views social order. * Foucaults’ views on what constitutes social order being made and remade through institutions and how Buchanans’ report relates to how Foucault views social order. * The differences and similarities with Goffman and Foucaults findings. Summary * Summarise what both theorists have said regarding social order and what I understand about these findings. There are many ways in which social order is produced and maintained. Social scientists are interested in a broader view of society, they look at what leads to problems and the things that need some sort of solution creating to improve them (Reflections on Ordered Lives); I am going to describe how social order is made by using the explanations of Michael Foucault and Erving Goffman, who are social scientists that have attempted to explain how social order is created and where it has come from, I will also be discussing how their views both differ in their approach and how they are similar. I am beginning with Goffmans’ explanations, from the detailed studies he undertook working within the framework of the functions of rituals and order in everyday life; he has tried to show ways in which societies are ordered through multiple performances in contexts such as everyday interactions and...
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...Erving, Goffman. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York:p 1-16. _____________________________________________________________________ Goffman analyses the study of everyday life through the perspective that, ones actions cannot be purely acted out for the sake of that action, but rather all actions are “social performances” (Goffman 1959). Three main ideas central to Goffman’s argument (within the prescribed pages 1-16) include; the differences between the two forms of expression amongst social interaction, the symmetry and asymmetry between these two forms of expression, as well as the level of agreement referred to by Goffman as the “working consensus” (Goffman 1959:p10). According to Goffman, an individual’s expressiveness is portrayed in two different forms of communication, “the expression that he gives, and the expression that he gives off (Goffman, 1959:p2). Through the use of language, verbal communication is the first form as it is the traditional and intended form of expression. Non-verbal communication in most situations is the unintentional form of expression whereby the individual is able to communicate through their physical facial and body actions, Goffman’s expresses that the “expectation being the action was carried out for reasons other than the information conveyed in this way”(Goffman 1959:p2). This also suggests that an individual can present misinformation or ‘half truths’ by the use of both types of communication, “the first...
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...Thursday, January 14, 2010 Erving Goffman DRAMATURGY Read: Appelrouth & Edles 478-518 Goffman’s books include: Asylums, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Encounters, Behavior in Public Places, Stigma, Interaction Ritual, Strategic Interaction, Frame Analysis, and Gender Advertisements. Article: “The Interaction Order.” Goffman was considered a symbolic interactionist (for good reason), although Goffman himself found the label wanting. Denying an allegiance to that tradition or even to the more general label of “theorist,” he was more prone to refer to himself as simply an “empiricist” or a “social psychologist.” In some respects, Goffman’s self-description may be the more accurate, for his work drew from a number of distinct approaches that he fashioned together in forming his own novel account of everyday life. Goffman wrote with the flair of a literary stylist, his was not the dry prose all too common among scientist. Instead of adopting the standard practice of situating ones analyses within a particular intellectual lineage or reigning contemporary debates, Goffman was busy inventing his own terminology, as he set out to “raise questions that no one else had ever asked and to look at data that no one had ever examined before.” Goffman was at the forefront of important movements within sociology, for instance, doing ethnomethodology before the ethnomethodologist and exploring the central role of language in social life (the “linguistic turn”) well ahead...
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...Goffman Paper The Struggle Everyone once had a certain job in their lives at which they never had experience in that would show their perfection of an idea great customer service. Although, we may not like the job, but why? Because we are not used to everyday social interaction with new people, some of them you would have to end up remembering their names and use it each time they visit your work place. My job was a teller at bank of America here the pay was good but your social interaction, friendliness and manner with customers has to be the best. After all, outside work I’m not good at interacting, nor do I have the best manners and neither am I a friendly team player. There have been several times working there and I got involved with different personal experiences on social interaction in which have links towards what Goffman has analyzed in his framework concepts. I have been caught up acting different towards customers (audience) and my co-workers at work unlike outside of work. In regards, I would like to give several examples of these personal interactions. Day by day we get harsh impatient customers for instance, there was a time a customer who had a big cash difference in his account on some transactions that he didn’t permit. My role was to help him discover and claim back the differences. Unfortunately I was a new hire and I lack knowledge of viewing his account and helping him, he got angry and starting yelling at me. But it’s my responsibility as...
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...Analysis of a Personal Family Social Gathering Learners’ Name SOC1000 Introduction to Human Society Address Telephone: Email: Instructor: Dr. Cheryl Avant Social Setting I observed the social gathering of a birthday party for members of my husband’s family. It was a joint celebration for the birthdays of my sister-in-law, an aunt, and her son who is my husband and sister-in-laws cousin. This party is held at the home of the aunt and the cousin. The home is nice, but not huge so it makes these gatherings very cozy. It is a family ritual of doing the parties jointly since they fall so close together. These family gatherings are always interesting, because there are several family members that do not get along with other specific family members. But everyone tries to appear as though they have no problems, regardless of the fact that everyone in the room is well aware of the pending discomfort. In attendance there were a total of 28 people. Consisting of 5 women in their 20s, 4 women in their 40s, and 2 elderly women; there are 4 men in their 20s, 3 men in their 40s-50s, and 2 elderly men; there is also one girl under 5 years old, 2 girls ages 6-12, 3 boys under the age of 5, and 2 boys ages 6-12. Sociological Theories Once everyone arrives pleasantries are made all around, but you can always anticipate and sense the falsehood in many greetings. Between the main two women where this conflict has originated there is stiffness in...
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...SOCI 1301 Final Exam Review The final exam will cover chapters 1-16 and in class lecture notes. Theorists: Robert K. Merton Erving Goffman Karl Marx Ferdinand Tonnies Theoretical Perspectives: Structural Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Matching: Match the following key words with the definitions below. a. Corporate Crime b. Social construction of reality c. Socialization d. Culture e. Culture Shock a. Norms b. Social Control c. Subculture d. Popular Culture e. Cultural Transmission a. Ethnocentrism b. Family c. Status d. Ascribed Status e. Achieved Status a. White Collar Crime 1. __CULTURE___ is the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together from a people’s way of life 2. __CULTURE SHOCK____ is the personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life. 3. __CULTURAL TRANSMISSION___ the process by which one generation passes culture to the next. 4. __NORMS____ are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members. 5. ___SOCIAL CONTROL__ is the attempt by society to regulate people’s thought and behavior 6. The term______ refers to cultural patterns that set apart some segment of society’s population. 7. ___POPULAR CULTURE___designates cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population. 8. __ETHNOCETRISM____ is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. ...
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...represent an ideal that individuals seek to achieve, and thus create the foundation for a masochistic relationship with one’s own body (Rohlinger, 2002). This statement is confirmed by the increasing rate of body dissatisfaction, greater weight concern, the development of eating disorders and lower self-esteem. Moreover, gender is a routine, methodical, and recurring accomplishment that actually surfaces in everyday human interaction (West and Zimmerman, 1987), and gender relations are learned through these advertisements, which essentially serve as a distorted reflection of the real world. These sexualized and stereotypical gender images are teaching the viewers a vast array of social cues, a certain way to interpret social reality, and are eventually reconstructing the definition of femininity and masculinity. Various studies have been done regarding the covert ways that magazine advertisements construct masculinity and femininity. Assuming that significant differences in the portrayal of men and women would be found in terms of magazine type and its target readers, a content analysis will be used to examine and compare the selected fashion magazines to determine how contemporary advertisers define or portray masculinity and femininity to different readerships. Literature...
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...Assignment#2 SOCI 1301 July 25th , 2000 Micro level theories aimed at understanding social life at the intimate level of individuals and their interactions. The micro sociological approach places emphasis on face-to-face social interaction, or what people do when they are in the presence of one another. Roles are sets of expectations, rights, and duties that are associated with a given status. The dramaturgical analysis provided by Erving Goffman analyzes everyday life in terms of the stage. Socialization prepares people for learning to perform on the stage of everyday life. Core of this approach is the analysis of the impressions we attempt to make on others by using sign-vehicles like setting, appearance, and manner, teamwork, and face-saving behavior. Human actions are dependent on time, place, and audience and the favorable presentation of self by an individual via the use of impression management. An example for this is even if a couple is not in terms; they still act intimate and conceal their anger in the presence of others in order to save face. In a structural functionalist perspective, the family system regulates sexual activity, provides socialization processes, and transmits culture and the members of the family act their roles as father, mother and child. In dramaturgical analysis humans are like actors on a stage in which there are roles (scripts) and statuses (parts of the play) to carry out. Defining the social situation states that the perception of reality...
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...Research Proposal Provisional title- Social media and the hidden spaces of online identity management Topic: Social Networking and Interaction This project is concerned with computer mediated communication (CMC) between individuals via the social networking platform, Facebook. Created by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, Facebook is a social networking forum wherein individuals can share photographs, personal information, conversations and friends (Buckman, 2005). Although other online sites such as MySpace, Friendster and Bebo are also designed to carry out such functions, Facebook is generally considered to be the leading site of its kind, currently consisting of over a billion users worldwide (Facebook, 2013). Facebook has increasingly become deeply integrated into user’s daily routines (Debatin, 2009). Indeed, a recent study found that students spend an average of 38 minutes a day ‘Face-booking’ (Muise et al, 2009). This equates to almost 9 days every year being dedicated to communication activities via the medium. With the internet increasingly being accessed via mobile devices, anytime, anyplace, it is likely that this figure will increase over time. With these ideas in mind, it is interesting to consider sites such as Facebook as capable of revealing important information about how young adults interact with one another in the information age. Platform functions such as wall posts, comments, statuses, private messages and so on provide a vast space for a number...
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...How can we explain conformity? Draw on at least two examples Scott and Marshall (2005) explain conformity with people’s attempts on complying with other’s norms and rules in order to fulfill their expectations. But is it really that simple? Conformity is one of these terms in sociology that have too much different tones and shades, and thus requires deep examination. This essay looks at in detail at a number of classical studies on the subject of conformity as well as it analyzes a particular type of conformity, i.e. gender conformity. Examples and case studies given from both academic experiments and everyday life help this essay in arguing that conformity is a complex process happening to all of us most of the time even without our knowledge. Moreover, this essay provides information about why people actually conform. Every person is an individual. However, every person belongs to a group. The nationality of a person, their sex, their age, the colour of their skin, and even their hobbies are all different kinds of groups to which this person belongs to. Group membership helps building a type of social identity, while applying its norms and rules upon the individual (Brown 2000). Moreover, even in cases in which a clear hierarchy and roles are absent because of the instant development of the group, social influence remains existent. Social influence definition given by Allport (1968) is as it follows, ‘an attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and...
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...interaction between self and social context). On ITV’s “The Agenda”, Ed Miliband came under attack from Hearsay’s Myleene Klass over the controversial topic of mansion tax. It is fascinating to see how the two members of the conversation express their contrasting views throughout the duration of the discussion: Labour’s party leader, Miliband, expectedly is passionate about mansion tax and as is Klass. Yet, it must be taken into consideration the fact that the conversation between Miliband and Klass has external participants: the live audience, ITV viewers and other members of the panel; this therefore may affect one’s performance. Although their performances seem “sincere” they could potentially be “cynical” (Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday). For example, as Miliband’s purpose of being on “The Agenda” is to promote the Labour party’s policies and therefore may portray a cynical performance in order to get votes in 2015’s general election. In this essay, I will be analysing the non-verbal communication: such as gestures and eye contact, as well as verbal language including such things as jargon in order to examine the interpersonal communication within this discussion. “Assertiveness is pertinent to interactions between different groups of professionals, especially where the...
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...Deviant Behavior Social disorganization BIBLIOGRAPHY Both “deviant behavior” and “social disorganization” have been variously defined, but there have been few efforts to distinguish between the two concepts. In fact, it has been suggested that they are not different, that along with “social problems*’ and the somewhat outmoded “social pathology,” they signify only a potpourri of conditions that are considered undesirable from the standpoint of the observer’s values, conditions that vary at different times and with different observers. According to this view, these terms have no scientific value and no legitimate status as sociological concepts. Such nihilism and counsel of despair are not justified. True, there is no consensus on the meaning of these terms, and they are, indeed, burdened with value connotations. However, they point to a number of distinctions that sociology must take into account. Concept of deviance. Turning first to the concept of deviant behavior, we must distinguish among the several definitions of the term, which are discussed below. Behavior that violates norms. Deviant behavior is behavior that violates the normative rules, understandings, or expectations of social systems. This is the most common usage of the term and the sense in which it will be used here. Crime is the prototype of deviance in this sense, and theory and research in deviant behavior have been concerned overwhelmingly with crime. However, normative rules are inherent in...
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...jstor.org This content downloaded from 137.158.153.205 on Fri, 14 Feb 2014 01:39:42 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Self Presentation through Appearance: A Manipulative vs. a Dramaturgical Approach The sincerity of self presentation through personal appearance was examined through contrasting an interac- Efrat Tseeion* tionist interpretation o Coffman’s dramaturgy with an The University of Sussex f “impression management” approach. “Impression management” position treats dramatization and conscious attention to one’s performance as analogous to insincerity. In contrast, a dramaturgical interactionist position regards dramatization as the control of the style of performance, and as irrelevant to issues of sincerity. Analysis of forty accounts (open-ended questionnaires) of British women highlighted the oversimplification...
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...In: Raimo P. Hämäläinen and Esa Saarinen, eds. 2007. Systems Intelligence in Leadership and Everyday Life. Systems Analysis Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo. CHAPTER 11 Reasons of Systemic Collapse in Enron Matti Rantanen This article studies the moral development at Enron from the perspective of its long-term CEO and chairman Ken Lay. I focus on some critical decisions in the early years of Enron and speculate why Lay chose in favour of non-systems intelligent solutions in leading morale. According to the outlook developed it is plausible to think that immoral behaviour at Enron stemmed not so much from Lay’s immoral character but from his Christian values. Neglecting opportunities to change his value structure Lay avoided tough decisions that marked loss for others. Consequently, unable to make decisions objectively based on systemic rather than individual motives, he lost his opportunity in creating coherent corporate values promoting moral integrity. If the suggested causality is true, it underlines the importance of conscious moral leadership as an everyday discipline. Introduction This article discusses the story of Enron, the infamous American energy company that December 2, 2001 filed the largest bankruptcy case in US history, totalling losses around 66 billion US dollars,1 forcing 4,000 unemployed,2 and bringing down Arthur Andersen, 3 its auditing company. For many of the “bad” and publicly convicted Enron executives it has been the...
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...impact users of health and social care services. When assisting service users it is important to have an understanding and a knowledge of various structures. Individuals that are born into poverty more than likely come from a lower socio-economic background or area and have a higher rate of being unemployed, lowering their chance opportunity. Unemployment may contribute to a person becoming poor as they might have lost a job that they already held. Mental and physical disabilities can also have an impact on unemployment as an individual may not have the same opportunities as someone who is more able. This may be the situation if an individual is either born with a disability or acquires one in later life. Poverty, unemployment and disabilities can have severe impacts on a person’s life, including depression, drug or alcohol addictions or abuse, homelessness or may lead to some mental health issues. In some cases a service user might have previous history or emotional poverty and/or domestic violence or they could have history of alcohol and/or drug abuse. This can have an adverse effect on their children or other family members. Children who have grown up in a household of domestic abuse may become an offender of abuse. One of the first steps to break the abuse cycle is for the individual to realise and admit they need help or to recognise they do not want to become an abuser and better...
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