... In health care organizations, management is usually in charge of making the decisions and uses certain strategies to come up with a plan that will improve and benefit the facility. When there are budget cuts within an organization, management must accommodate to meet the new standards and make a decision whether to eliminate or introduce health care needs better to suit the population. “Decision making is choosing from among alternatives to determine the course of action” (Liebler & McConnell, 2008, p. 147). In terms of the Medicaid program receiving a 15% budget cut, the organization must eliminate a health care need that will accommodate for the budget cut but also make a small impact on the wellbeing of the consumers. “The state Medicaid program will no longer pay for preventative or routine dental care for adults other than those with developmental disabilities” (Washington State Health Care Authority, 2013, para. 2). There is a set of decision-making tools used to determine this decision. The informed decisions toolbox helps managers over come barriers such as time pressures, preveived threats to evidence base, and determining the quality of the information (Rundall, Martelli, Arroyo, & McCurdy, 2007). This paper describes how using the toolbox affects accountability, a questioning organization, and knowledge transfer. The Toolbox To make an important decision that will affect the wellbeing of the company, management must consider using a tool from the...
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...Decision - Making Case Study Analysis HCS/514 Managing in Today’s Health Care Organizations August 28, 2015 Introduction The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) produced a set of developmental tools to aid decision makers in discovering and interpreting evidence related decisions. These developmental tools are to promote the use of evidence-based management within a health care setting. The informed decision toolbox was created to help merge the gap between evidence based research and decision making within an organization (Crump & Spurgeon, n.d.). These tools consist of six steps that will guide managers and decision makers in constructing well informed decisions. The steps are composed of; framing the question behind the decision, finding sources of information, assessing the accuracy of information, assessing the applicability of the information, assessing the actionability of the information and determining if the information is adequate are used by managers to consider if the decision they are making is well informed (Young, 2002). Framing Questions and Locating Sources By framing the question behind the decision, a manager must first identify what the decision is and then determine what information must be obtained in order to make a well informed decision. To properly make a well informed decision, a manager must frame a question that will properly translate what research must be conducted to begin research. The questions will be used...
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...Questions Guidelines What two guidelines were used? (AHRQ, n.d.) “Pathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a practice parameter.” (John M. Weiler, September 26, 2010) “Evidence-based care guideline for management of acute exacerbation of asthma in children aged 0 to 18 years.” (Acute Asthma Guideline, Cincinnati Children's Hospital...
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...payers, and others have joined the chorus of agents demanding greater performance accountability. Management decisions are now both more visible and more consequential. / http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/24/1/151.full Evolution of the use of evidence. For centuries, medical practice has been based mostly on clinical experience and judgment. Several recent developments have increased the promise and imperative of evidence-based decision making: tremendous growth in biomedical science and innovation; development of the evaluative clinical sciences; advances in communication and IT; and growing recognition that evidence-based decision making provides a framework for addressing health care policy challenges. emerging health information technology (HIT) revolution makes it possible to push evidence to the point of care and to identify where (and why) practice and evidence diverge. Fourth, reliable evidence can address the dual imperatives of controlling costs and improving quality. //////// http://www.hhnmag.com/hhnmag_app/jsp/articledisplay.jsp?dcrpath=HHNMAG/Article/data/11NOV2007/0711HHN_Outbox&domain=HHNMAG Evidence-based management in health care organizations is as crucial as evidence-based medicine: the latter improves the quality of care and the former improves the quality of management decision-making. Instances of overuse, underuse and misuse of management tactics and strategies receive far less attention and are much more difficult to document than their...
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...Implications of Evidence Based Practice-Research Patricia Davis Immaculata University The Importance and Implications of Evidence Based Practice-Research Evidence based practice is a way of providing health care that is guided by incorporating current knowledge and clinical expertise. This research and resource information corrects clinical problems, application of quality interventions, and evaluates the outcomes for further improvements in the future. Evidence based practice is an approach that improves the impact of nursing, psychology and social work. It gives research the cause and effect that gives validity to the information. The purpose of evidence based practice is ensuring that patients receive the best quality care and keep nurses, nursing care, and knowledge up to date. The American Nurses Association (ANA) recognizes the importance of evidence based practice (EBP), and that it incorporates the registered nurse to integrate, participate in the formulation, and contribute to the knowledge of research to improve healthcare outcomes (ANA, 2010). Evidence based research results in favorable patient outcomes across various geographic locations. The impetus for evidence-based practice comes from decisions of efficacy, and healthcare facility pressures for cost containment. Evidence practice stresses changes in the education of students, more practice-relevant research, and closer working relationships between clinicians and researchers. The evidence based practice...
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...EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE and ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Introduction As defined in 2012 by the American Nurses Association, “nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. “To deliver the best optimal treatment when performing their duties, nurses are taught to follow evidence-based practices (EBP). Following EBP when dealing with clients especially those affected by Alzheimer’s disease facilitates the nurse in performing his/her main responsibilities that include maintaining health promotion, risk reduction and disease management. Maintaining health promotion From Florence Nightingale era in the 19th century to today’s world, nursing has become a new field where it is just not described “as the action of putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act “(“Healing Environment,”2011). Nursing turned to an immense expertise where maintaining health promotion is a master key. Health promotion favors the enhancement of health and the setting up of plan for a healthy lifestyle and well-being (Potter and Perry, 2011). Examples of health promotion consist of encouraging immunizations and regular checkups. Risk reduction Many complications can be avoided by promoting risk...
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...Theory, Practice, and Evidence Barry A. Gerhart Cornell University Harvey B. Minkoff TRW Corporation Ray N. Olsen TRW Corporation Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cahrswp Part of the Human Resources Management Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies (CAHRS) at DigitalCommons@ILR. It has been accepted for inclusion in CAHRS Working Paper Series by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@ILR. For more information, please contact jdd10@cornell.edu. Employee Compensation: Theory, Practice, and Evidence Abstract [Excerpt] As organizations continue to face mounting competitive pressures, they seek to do more with less and do it with better quality. As goals for sales volume, profits, innovation, and quality are raised, employment growth is often tightly controlled and in many cases, substantial cuts in employment have been made. To accomplish more with fewer employees calls for effective management of human resources. Typically, the employee compensation system, the focus of this chapter, plays a major role in efforts to manage human resources better. Keywords employee, compensation, organization, profit, human, resource, manage, pay, market Disciplines Human Resources Management Comments Suggested Citation Gerhart, B., Minkoff, H. B. & Olsen, R. N. (1995). Employee compensation: Theory, practice, and evidence (CAHRS Working Paper...
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...Compensation: Theory, Practice, and Evidence Barry A. Gerhart Cornell University Harvey B. Minkoff TRW Corporation Ray N. Olsen TRW Corporation Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cahrswp Part of the Human Resources Management Commons DigitalCommons@ILR is celebrating its 10th anniversary! Please share your DigitalCommons@ILR story! This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies (CAHRS) at DigitalCommons@ILR. It has been accepted for inclusion in CAHRS Working Paper Series by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@ILR. For more information, please contact hlmdigital@cornell.edu. Employee Compensation: Theory, Practice, and Evidence Abstract [Excerpt] As organizations continue to face mounting competitive pressures, they seek to do more with less and do it with better quality. As goals for sales volume, profits, innovation, and quality are raised, employment growth is often tightly controlled and in many cases, substantial cuts in employment have been made. To accomplish more with fewer employees calls for effective management of human resources. Typically, the employee compensation system, the focus of this chapter, plays a major role in efforts to manage human resources better. Keywords employee, compensation, organization, profit, human, resource, manage, pay, market Disciplines Human Resources Management Comments Suggested Citation ...
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...at different levels of competencies and scopes. Although the cognitive abilities between the associate degree and the baccalaureate degree nurses are similar, the difference between these two practicing nurses is mostly related to the level of preparedness and their role functioning standards. The achievement of BSN by practicing nurses serves to enhance nursing care particularly on individuals, families and community like the ADN, but also extends their expertise to community health, leadership, research and evidence based practice. Although the differences in the abilities may not be evident in the beginning of their nursing practice, it becomes pronounced as these nurses gain experience in clinical areas. On like the associates level, the “BSN education includes additional course work in nursing and a broader range of studies in other disciplines” (McEwen). The BSN nurse receives more extensive preparation in the sciences and liberal arts and broader theories to base their understanding of the psychosocial and physiological behaviors of their patients. This gives them the platform for greater...
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...Evidence-based policy-making offers the potential to strengthen the quality and effectiveness of environmental policy at each stage of the policy cycle. Introduction: According to Davies, 2004, the evidence decision making policy is the approach that helps the masses informed about the decision, policies, programme and project by putting the evidences in the policy and making it the heart of the policy development and the implementation. Evidence based policy making is that approach that promotes the particular method for producing particular evidence in the process of the policy making. It helps in assessing the policy, in term of what works. The evidence based policy making is about 10 years old. And it is used widely by the government in its environment policy making. It is generally consider that the policy Making based on the evidence is generally a good process. But this practice is very challenging and is still evolving. The link between the researcher and the policy maker is still need to be stronger, as it is required that the policy maker should tell the demand of the evidence in much advance and the researcher should be able to do it routinely. But still it is the area of weakness. Policies are all around us and indirectly or directly they affect many aspect of our life often we ask our self that what is the procedure of formation of these policies, why politicians have decided to implement that policy, and not another one. In formation of any policy some international...
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...Evidence-based management (EBMgt or EBM) is an emerging movement to explicitly use the current, best evidence in management decision-making. Its roots are in evidence-based medicine, a quality movement to apply the scientific method to medical practice. Evidence-based management entails managerial decisions and organizational practices informed by the best available scientific evidence. Like its counterparts in medicine (e.g., Sackett, et al., 2000) and education (e.g., Thomas & Pring, 2004), the judgments EBMgt entails also consider the circumstances and ethical concerns managerial decisions involve. In contrast to medicine and education, however, EBMgt today is only hypothetical. Contemporary managers and management educators make limited use of the vast behavioral science evidence base relevant to effective management practice (Walshe & Rundall, 1999; Rousseau, 2005, 2006; Pfeffer & Sutton, 2001). An important part of EBMgt is educating current and future managers in evidence-based practices. The EBMgt website maintained at Stanford University provides a repository of syllabi, cases, and tools that can inform the teaching of evidence-based management. Efforts to promote EBMgt face greater challenges than have other evidence-based initiatives. Unlike, medicine, nursing, education, and law enforcement, "Management" is not a profession. There are no established legal or cultural requirements regarding education or knowledge for an individual to become a manager...
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...turn the unproductive employees and change the productivity in the organization. When the management uses the compensation as the subject of the performance, it facilitates into bringing out the best performance from the contribution of the employees (Brown et al.). The process of compensation in an organization based on the employee’s performance helps to increase the employee performance and motivate teamwork in the organization. The type of compensation differs with the type of organization, and the expected results against the individual employee’s contribution. The competitive organizations have compensation plans and systems and plans which are either written or not written that meet the organizational requirements. The compensation system enables organizations to achieve different goals such as attracting high quality employees, to retain the hardworking employees, or to motivate employees. All these are done to enable the employees add effort to achieve the organizational goals. Compensation plans differ with the goals and the size of the organization (Melanie and Media). The compensation system is comprised of various pay plans such as the base pay program, the rates of pay for jobs, the rates and increases, and appraisals on employee performance. Forms of compensation Compensation allows the process of rewarding the employees of an organization for the services rendered. Quality...
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...of my departmental budget. Conversely, the good news is that these cuts will not present a risk to your job here at Ramon County clinic. Our most important goal is to continue to ensure quality health care to all of our patients, including those under Medicaid. “Each state operates a Medicaid program that provides health coverage for lower-income people, families and children, the elderly, and people with disabilities” ("Medicaid", 2013.) Instead of cutting positions I have decided to place you all on an administrative furlough status. An administrative furlough status simply means “the placing of an employee in a temporary non-duty, non-pay status because of lack of work or funds, or other non-disciplinary reasons” (United States Offices of Personnel Management, 2013).After much thought and evaluation using the Informed Decision Toolbox of this seemed to be the best option for our staff and our patient here at Ramon county clinic. These administrative furlough days will allow us to retain all employees, however will eliminate one day of work, overtime, and will reduce patient care cost. The final decision was made using steps three through five of the Informed Decision Toolbox: Assessing the Accuracy, Assessing the applicability of the evidence, and assessing the action ability of the evidence. The Informed Decision Tool Box and Ramon County Clinic According to Rundall, Martelli, and Arroyo (2007), “A well-defined question will explicitly state the intervention,...
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...ISA ISA 500 March 2009 International Standard on Auditing Audit Evidence 500 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 500 Audit Evidence Explanatory Foreword The Council of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants has approved this standard in March 2009 for publication. This standard should be read in conjunction with the Preface to Malaysian Approved Standards on Auditing; Preface to International Standards on Quality Control, Auditing, Review, Other Assurance and Related Services; Glossary of Terms and International Framework for Assurance Engagements. The status of International Standards on Auditing is set out in the Preface to Malaysian Approved Standards on Quality Control, Auditing, Review, Other Assurance and Related Services. Applicability International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) are to be applied in the audit of financial statements under all reporting frameworks. Reporting frameworks are determined by legislation, regulations and promulgations of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants and where appropriate mutually agreed upon terms of reporting. ISAs are to be applied in the audit of historical financial information. Effective Date in Malaysia Effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2010. Reproduction of Full Text of Final IFAC Publication “Copyright © April 2010 by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). All rights reserved. Used with permission of IFAC. Contact Permissions@ifac...
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...AUDITING 500 AUDIT EVIDENCE (Effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2009) CONTENTS Paragraph Introduction Scope of this ISA ........................................................................................ 1−2 Effective Date ............................................................................................. 3 Objective .................................................................................................... 4 Definitions .................................................................................................. 5 Requirements Sufficient Appropriate Audit Evidence ....................................................... 6 Information to Be Used as Audit Evidence ................................................. 7−9 Selecting Items for Testing to Obtain Audit Evidence ................................ 10 Inconsistency in, or Doubts over Reliability of, Audit Evidence ................ 11 Application and Other Explanatory Material Sufficient Appropriate Audit Evidence ....................................................... A1−A25 Information to Be Used as Audit Evidence ................................................. A26−A51 Selecting Items for Testing to Obtain Audit Evidence ................................ A52−A56 Inconsistency in, or Doubts over Reliability of, Audit Evidence ................ A57 International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 500, “Audit Evidence” should be read...
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