...Cristian Loera-Flores CJAD 350 Professor Carden July 4, 2015 Prison Culture Prison, a place that is always on the news, that is always spoken of with great fear or disrespect, a place that can and will change your life forever if you were so inclined to take part in activities that will send you there. There are a lot of events that can get you into prison, but what it’s like on the inside is a whole different story. From the diverse selection of prison gangs that are separated by race and religion, to the frantic “free market trade” that occurs in every prison system across the United States, prison culture has risen past any staff, director, or officer could have ever imagined. Prison culture has taken a life of its own, so much so, that now the general public has become exposed to the integrate and sometimes brutal culture that has been methodically developed since the early days of imprisonment. Time goes hand in hand with the evolution of this culture, refinement through inmate “research and development” has allowed generations of culture, adapt and survive even through staff struggles to stop them. Firstly I would like to discuss the progression of prison culture, where it started, how it evolved, what influenced caused this evolution, and where it is now. Although prison culture dates back to the early 13th centuries, there is very little actually known about their culture and would probably not be seen as the same “jailing” that takes place now. The earliest credible...
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...Historical Policy Comparison Criminal justice policies are constantly changing by the day, week, month or year. Policies that were in effect 50 years ago are different from the policies in effect today. The following paper will cover a comparative analysis of the evolution of the criminal justice policy over the last 50 years for each of the three areas in the criminal justice system. To understand these changes, it is important to recognize the various areas and elements of the criminal justice system. Changes take place within the areas of policing, the courts and corrections. While discussing each division of the justice system and conduct a comparative analysis of each. This is important to discuss and determine how these systems have changed from 50 years ago to today. The history of criminal justice policy in regards to policing has experienced tremendous changes over the past 50 years. Between 1900 and 1970, an organized movement known as the Reform Era took place in policing around the country (Marion, 2006). Instead of hiring individuals based on political reasons, officers were hired based upon their qualifications and ability to perform the required duties of a police officer. Formal training developed in many areas around the United States in the form of Police Academies. Technological advances such as telephones, two-way radios, and 911-emergency systems developed during this era. The Civil Rights Movement and the Antiwar Movement brought about new issues...
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...The Prison System Robert B. Weight II CJS/200 January 19, 2011 Ronald Rucker Even though the system has worked for 220 years, the American prison system is in danger of complete failure on its current course of development because overcrowding, low budgets, and changes in public sentiment are quickly placing the penitentiary system in an inoperable state. The evolution of the current prison system in the United States has had many subtle changes that have lead to the current crisis, but the system has been set up to fail since the beginning. There have been supporters and opponents to the prison system. There have been social movements that have created major adaptations in society’s idea of how prisons and prisoners should be handled. In the end, society faces the issue of not being able to sustain current sentencing practices and maintain the prisons through the increasing prison populations. (Norman Johnston, 2010) In 1790 sweeping reform went through Pennsylvania to change the jail system. Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush led the effort to change the old and corrupt ways of the penal system (Norman Johnston, 2010). The first prison was built in 1790 as a wing of the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Gaines, 2006). This prison operated on the premise that crime was caused by idleness, so the best method of treatment for a criminal was silence and isolation to force reflection on the criminal’s wrong doings and work...
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...A prison is in place to confine and deprive people from their basic freedoms. A prison is an institution that is part of the criminal justice system that is imposed for the conviction of a crime. A criminal that is charged or going to be charged will be held in a prison if unable to come up with the money for bail. A criminal defendant is also placed in a prison if they are found guilty of a crime (Americanprisonsystem.com, 2009). The penitentiary was a stepping stone in the evolution of the prison. The penitentiary, however, was the first attempt to use confinement as the punishment itself. In England, one of the first models for the modern prison was intended to provide a place of penance for prostitutes. No matter where most of us live in the world the modern day penitentiary has some philosophy and design history. The penitentiary is a place that posted to be clean and healthy for the inmates. In addition, it a place that ensures the punishment the judge gives to the criminals and other punishment while in the penitentiary (Foster, "Chapter 2/The Penitentiary Ideal," 2006). The criminals are able to think about his or her wrongdoing and try to accomplish a change in life while incarcerated. The ideal for penitentiary is to keep the criminals off the streets, so that he or she cannot continue to commit crime in the society. Penitentiary ideal purposes were both secular and spiritual (Foster, "Chapter 2/The Penitentiary Ideal," 2006). A penitentiary had purposes...
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...Unit 3: Theory and Practice in Courts Stacey Pedroza CRJS300-1203A-04: Proseminar in Criminal Justice Professor Samantha Carlo AIU Online University June 24, 2012 Theory and Practice in Courts In reviewing the court system of the United States there is a definite hierarchy between the trial courts, appellate courts and the supreme courts of both the state and federal levels. However, the actions of the court systems move at such a slow and hindered pace because of the bureaucracy of motions and objections among many others. The following is a review of the type of court system the United States has and why. Along with judges sentencing goals and philosophy; and sentencing innovations. Dual Court System The United States has a dual court system, comprised of the State Courts and the Federal Court Systems. Within both the State and Federal court systems there are several levels of jurisdictions. The state courts have trial courts where there is specific jurisdiction and courts of general jurisdiction, then the appellate courts and finally the state supreme court. The federal court system is similar to the state courts in that there are trial courts, courts of appeals and finally the highest court in the nation is the Supreme Court of the United States. Another piece of the federal court system is the Military trial courts, the Military appellate courts and then they will also report to the Supreme Court of the United States. Why does the U.S. have a Dual...
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...punishment to individuals that have committed behavior not found suitable or acceptable by the society. Therefore in this essay I will discuss the changes within the American Correctional systems that have caused them to evolve to the present day. Introduction: The correctional prison system within America has changes in multiple differential aspects between the mid 1900’s to the present day. But the most important of these changes which have occurred are: Prison programs, classification systems, housing, the professionalism, and the shift in authority and management. Programs for inmates have improved. The system used to classify inmates have altered. New intermediate facilities have been formed, including the development of adaptive housing. The professionalism between the prison staff as well as the formation of organizations, has increased. Lastly, among the more important aspects of changes, the use of applying policies, enforcing rules, authority attitudes, and the use of judicial interference, influence the evolutionary changes. Shift of Authority: First, a big evolutionary change was that from within the prisons themselves. By this I mean the prisons power shifted. Before the mid 1900’s, many prison systems were ran by the administrators (primarily wardens) and staff, whom determined...
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...to it. The penitentiary was a stepping stone in the evolution of the prison. The penitentiary, however, was the first attempt to use confinement as the punishment itself. In England, one of the first models for the modern prison was intended to provide a place of penance for prostitutes. No matter where most of us live in the world the modern day penitentiary has some philosophy and design history. The penitentiary is a place that posted to be clean and healthy for the inmates. In addition, it a place that ensures the punishment the judge gives to the criminals and other punishment while in the penitentiary. The criminals are able to think about his or her wrongdoing and try to accomplish a change in life while incarcerated. The ideal for penitentiary is to keep the criminals off the streets, so that he or she cannot continue to commit crime in the society. Penitentiary ideal purposes were both secular and spiritual. A penitentiary had purposes to be both secular and spiritual. Instead of a penitentiary being all about physical punishment, it was supposed to be a place of humane punishment for wrong doers. Instead of prisoners being bunched together, the true penitentiary was meant to have them separated from each other to avoid contamination of the body and spirit. I personally think that a penitentiary should be more like a place to make an inmate know that they did wrong by breaking the law. The American prison system was divided amongst two different types:...
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...Knowledge is the Enlightenment, Necessary for Evolution: In Plato’s, “The Allegory of the Cave,” he is explaining in dialogue with question-and- answer form with Glaucon a student questioning the nature of human beings. The analogy of the cave and the prisoners within used to explain his belief. He discusses moral and philosophical problems; the prisoner must overcome to see the light after long periods of imprisonment. The light he refers to as a fire blazing at a distance, is the light the prisoners see while a low wall is along the way. The prisoner look over the wall to find strange images that he has never seen before is compelled immediately to look toward the light. The question then is would the prisoner suffer pain from the glare brought forth by the light, Plato then explains he will require to grow accustom to the light in order to clearly see the new images. Once the prisoner becomes accustom to the sight of the upper world, he will then see the reflection of others and of himself. Plato then explains the reaction the prisoner makes and his thoughts of himself to realize the reason about his own place. The prisoner, as Plato explains, realized that this exposure of new images in the upper world are not of what he was taught to be true in his old place in the den, and the wisdom brought forth by the den along with his fellow- prisoners; merely false notions. The truth the prisoner has seen in the upper world will then become a desire to continue to seek further the...
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...These microscopic organisms include bacteria and archaea. Population evolution in microbial life refers to the change that occurs in the microscopic organism populations over a SC160 Basic Biology Assignment 08 period of time. Evolution of microbial life is used in science and research for researching and studying diseases caused by the evolving microorganisms. This information is used by scientists to research and develop with medications to fight these diseases. Population evolution and microbial life are presented in the following examples. First, the evolution of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which has led to the resistance to some antiretroviral medications. Second, the H1N1 flu virus is a disease which was nicknamed the swine flu because the virus that causes the disease originated from live pigs, which is where it evolved. (DeNoon and Hitti). Lastly is the evolution of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA is a bacterium that is responsible for various infections in humans that are difficult to treat due to its development of a resistance to common antibiotics. MRSA is very common in hospitals, prisons, and nursing homes. Biological Diversity...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix A Prisoners Worksheet Complete the worksheet by writing short responses to the questions in each row. |How would you differentiate male and female |I tend to see female prisoners and male prisoners different. I see more that makes | |prisoner backgrounds? Is there a better |tend to join other males or gangs in order to protect themselves against other males | |solution to prisoner background |or gangs. A sign of dominance and to mark their territory inside the confines. They | |classification? Explain. |believe that this will help to ensure that while they are within these walls no one | | |will dare mess with them otherwise there will be consequences. I see women that may | | |have more of a social acquaintances with others. They may have small groups of friends| | |but I see it more a as high school setting, some are easy to get along with while | | |others will act like bullies and try to push there will’s and their way’s on others to| | |get their wants met. I also believe that while males are incarcerated they are more | | |focused on the happenings within the facility and the females are still more focused | | ...
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...commit this treacherous act. In the real world the determining factors in a person getting convicted and punished all differ depending on the action and the amount of money that was stolen and the actions that were undertaken to embezzle the funds necessary to complete the crime. As time progressed, the punishment for what embezzlement entails has changed, this has coincided with the evolution of the legal system and the definition of embezzlement changing has well as the moral awareness increasing through our countries history. Embezzlement is a non-violent offense that is an economic crime and has been around since the 1800s and before the innovation of the term white collar crime. While embezzlement does not exhibit the violence of a crime such as assault or robbery the effects of the crime ripple through communities and impair the ability of individuals to trust entities and businesses with their hard earned money. Through examining the evolution of embezzlement and how it has evolved from the 1800s to the mid- 1900s and today is what will be examined in these next pages. By examining the evolution as well as the effects on the victims and the perpetrators the understanding for embezzlement can increase on a wide scale further preventing the crime from taking place and raising the overall awareness to prevent anyone from being a victim to this heinous crime. Black’s Law Dictionary defines embezzlement as “the fraudulent taking of personal property with which one has been...
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...History of Prisons CJA/234 February 3, 2014 Robert Bennett This week’s readings reflected the history of prisons and the eras in which they have evolved. Within this document the evolution of today’s prison systems will be discussed, along with the complications of prison overcrowding. Finally the comparison of today’s prison to the prisons of the past. The penitentiary era changed using the Quaker’s system converting the Walnut Street jail into use instead of using the older method of stocks, flogging, and public humiliation. This was a more humane way to deal with the individuals who chose to break the laws set before them. The inmates were able to work on crafts to keep themselves occupied and their sanity level was maintainable. The mass prison era changed the ways of the jail to a prison in which there were more solitude and less rehabilitation. Inmates were not allowed to speak to make contact with each other, but vocational job training was introduced. Not until the reformatory era was the idea of education introduced into prisons to allow children and adults to become educated with incarcerated. Also the ability for early release for good behavior was introduced. The industrial era introduced prison work labor. Inmates within the prison system would create goods for the public for a minimal wage. The punitive era did away with the industrial aspect of prisons. The ability for education became a luxury, and maximum security prisons were built. As the restrictions...
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...a penitentiary should be back in the early 1700’s, was a place to basically separate criminals and keep them from one another. Based on what people thought, a penitentiary was a dark and dingy place. The buildings that held prisoners did not really look like prisons. But since people knew that the buildings held criminals they assumed the worst. Penitentiaries were meant to be a place people were punished for their crimes. They were supposed to be clean and healthy but most of them were dirty and dark. Criminals were treated for their acts. They were make them realize about their worst behavior and also treatment is given to them so that they don’t repeat their sin again in life. It ultimately makes the guilty ones realize their sin and at the same time make them the productive part of the society. What was the principal goal of a penitentiary? The principle goal of a penitentiary was to attain some kind of spiritual guidance while being incarcerated. Several reformers came to the penitentiaries to sit and talk with the prisoners teaching them about different religions. They say the stepping stones in the new evolution of the prison system was the penitentiary. This model gave them new directions to the prisons. Although the very first attempts to of confinement to be used as punishment were used in the penitentiary. A penitentiary had purposes to be both secular and spiritual. Instead of a penitentiary being all about physical punishment, it was supposed to be a place...
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...unacceptable to the social norms of society. Because of this need, the development of prisons were constructed to house the individuals, so they can serve their time away from free individuals. Prisons are an intricate part of our history, starting from the late 1700’s up until now our system continues to redefine itself based on the needs of society. I will explore the evolution of punishment, prison system and how prison labor impacts over time. Punishment can be defined as the correctional goal with emphasis on inflicting pain or suffering. (Seiter, 2011) Punishment is used as a form of social control, it is viewed, that, a person will refrain from wrongdoing if the consequences impact their freedom. Since the ancient times of the Code of Hammarbi, banishment, and beheading punishment has been a part of how our culture deals with offenders. We can trace back punishment to the colonial days where punishment was based on community opinion and punishment was publicly displayed to ridicule and deter others from such behavior. This type of punishment started to transform into a more organized structure because of enlightened political philosophy, a more humane approach was sought. Incarceration became the vehicle in which the American justice system dealt with deviant behavior. Sir Alex Patterson once said, “You cannot train a man for freedom under the conditions of captivity”. The first prisons in the free United States were recognized as penitentiaries to signify their prisoners...
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...My fellow class members have shared with such vulnerability and courage of heart. I personally feel as if my life has been enriched and enhanced beyond measure because of everyone’s willingness to show up and share. Weaving all the readings and experience together I have found myself surrounded by a tapestry of memories, lessons and hope for the future. A warm and brightly colored quilt has been sewn together from the sharing of our pasts and also the thread of hope that shimmers and holds us all together in dark and difficult times. One of the books that touched me most was Amazing Grace by Johnathan Kozol. I could not remove this community from my mind after the posting. I found myself coming back to it and re-reading certain passages. As Reverend Overall revealed “We find God in the wilderness” I found this theme central to my healing as part of this class. Going back to school as a single mother with a small child and balancing the tight rope act of juggling full time work, new rituals of much needed self-care, self-love and my music career has been difficult. To say the least. My job is so stressful, my life is so stressful. But I had to face myself and step into some of my fears and I found I was not alone. I found peace, courage and myself during the journey. In other words I found the God in me. My faith and spirituality plays a big part in my everyday life and is a prism through...
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