...PARSING THE FIRST YEAR OF COLLEGE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COLLEGE IMPACTS Patrick T. Terenzini Distinguished Professor and Senior Scientist Center for the Study of Higher Education 400 Rackley Building Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-3203 Voice: (814) 865-9755 Fax: (814) 865-3638 E-mail: Terenzini@psu.edu and Robert D. Reason Assistant Professor and Research Associate Center for the Study of Higher Education Pennsylvania State University Voice: (814) 863-3766 Fax: (814) 865-3638 E-mail: Rreason@psu.edu Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, November 19, 2005, Philadelphia, PA. PARSING THE FIRST YEAR OF COLLEGE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COLLEGE IMPACT Introduction For many college-bound students and their families, the first year of college is a make-orbreak period for learning, for decisions about continued college enrollment, and for discovering whether they made a good decision about which college to attend. Abundant evidence links students’ first-year academic performance to both persistence and degree completion (Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991, 2005). In addition, about two-thirds (perhaps as much as 90 percent for cognitive skills) of the gains college students make in reading, math, science, the social sciences, and cognitive skill development will occur in the first two years (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005). Many students, however, are not in college long enough to realize those...
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...Developmental Readings Log Philosophy of Adult Education Course Objectives Burns, R. 2002, The adult learner at work the challenges of lifelong education in the new millennium, 2nd edition. Crows Nest, New South Wales. Allen & Unwin. 1. p. 229 (Additive - Objective # 2) These goals are possible only where individuality is an asset, where belonging and acceptance are supreme, where there are opportunities to explore and gain self-understanding, where there is trust, dignity and security and where self-confidence, self-reliance, originality, responsibility and independence are encouraged. It is only in this sort of learning that a person is open to experience and therefore capable of maximal utilisation of their potentialities and environmental opportunities for self-development, learning how to learn and developing the curiosity, enjoyment and intrinsic satisfaction from learning that will draw them back again and again to lifelong learning. 2. p. 231 (Variant - Objective # 2) The learner has to adjust themselves to an established curriculum and teaching method. As self-direction and self-responsibility are not encouraged, the growing maturity of young people creates a gap between the need and ability to be self-directing and the opportunity to do so. Hence the tension, resentment and even rebellion that is common in secondary schools today. The child's experience is not counted of worth. Learners only learn what is in the syllabus or what they must pass...
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...Acceptance of Evolution and Support for Teaching Creationism in Public Schools: The Conditional Impact of Educational Attainment JOSEPH O. BAKER Department of Sociology and Anthropology East Tennessee State University Public acceptance of evolution remains low in the United States relative to other Western countries. Although advocates for the scientific community often highlight the need for improved education to change public opinion, analyses of data from a national sample of American adults indicate that the effects of educational attainment on attitudes toward evolution and creationism are uneven and contingent upon religious identity. Consequently, higher education will only shift public attitudes toward evolution and away from support for teaching creationism in public schools for those who take non-“literalist” interpretive stances on the Bible, or to the extent that it leads to fewer people with literalist religious identities. Keywords: evolution, creationism, religious identity, education, science and religion, public policy. INTRODUCTION Acceptance of evolution and support for creationism has been publicly debated since the initial diffusion of Darwin’s theory about the origin of species, particularly in the United States (Numbers 1998, 2006). From before the infamous Scopes Trial (see Larson 1997) to the present, many Americans have resisted ideas about evolution, leading to a relatively low global ranking on public acceptance of the theory...
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...effectiveness of this model in aiding with student success amongst Hispanic adolescents. It is noted that self-efficacy, amount of intrinsic as opposed to extrinsic motivation an individual possesses, and overall self-management skills are strong predictors of student success. Introduction Alonso-Zaldivar and Tompson (2010) found that Hispanics are at a point where, “Eighty-seven percent said a college education is extremely or very important, compared with 78% of the overall U.S. population.” However, “Census figures show that only 13% of Hispanics have a college degree or higher, compared with 30% among Americans overall.” This figure alone is astonishing in the sense that Hispanics understand the importance of an education, yet somehow seem to get caught up in the process of actually motivating and self-regulating themselves to achieve these educational goals. It would be inconsiderate to declare Hispanics incapable and unable to attain a higher education. It is also culturally insensitive to assume that the reason many Hispanics don’t graduate is due to apathy and lack of vocational skills. The key thing to take note of is how other ethnicities are not only motivating their adolescents at a young age to pursue a higher education, but...
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...keep attracting high attention in the business world for organizational competition and teamwork efficiency. Educators also highly value the cultivation of youngsters’ thinking strategies and styles which facilitate their learning performance and even career achievement. This study was conducted to identify the relationship among thinking styles (including positive thinking and negative thinking) and collaborative dispositions. Three self-rating instruments were employed to survey 901 college students’ experience as research data. A series of analyses on the reliability and validity of instruments were conducted to validate the measurement model. The SEM analysis results indicated the structural model and the influences of both thinking styles on the youngsters’ collaborative dispositions. In addition, it was concluded that only the individuals highly evaluating others were willing to and able to collaborate with others well. On the other hand, the factor of maladjustment and little desire for change was the dominant negative thinking which severely eliminated collaborative dispositions. Several suggestions were accordingly provided on the bases of research conclusions. Key Words Collaborative...
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...inclusion in Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice by an authorized administrator of Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact jcera@law.berkeley.edu. The Legal Implications of Gender Bias in Standardized Testing Katherine Connort Ellen J. Vargyast TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. INTRODUCTION ....................................... THE FACTUAL CONTEXT ............................. A. The Scope of the Problem ............................ 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. B. Causes of Gender Differences in Test Scores ........... 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. C. Validity of the Tests .................................. 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. a. Tests Which Predict Differently by Gender ..... b. Unvalidated Test Uses ......................... 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. a. Failure to Measure Aptitude ................... b. Interest Inventory Validation Problems ......... D. The Factual Context: Conclusions .................... 14 17 17 18...
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...Archived Information MATHTECH, INC. I. INTRODUCTION Income inequality has been increasing for the past 20 years. A substantial part of the increase in income differences can be explained by changes in the return to education. In dollar terms, 1973 college graduates earned 45 percent more than high school graduates; by 1994 they earned 65 percent more, based on real average hourly wages for college and high school graduates (Baumol and Blinder, 1997). The increasing income disparities between groups of differing educational attainment raises concern that access to postsecondary education (PSE) may not be as widespread as desired. President Clinton urged for the goal of universal college access in his 1997 State of the Union address, “We must make the thirteenth and fourteenth years of education—at least two years of college—just as universal in America by the 21st century as a high school education is today, and we must open the doors of college to all Americans.” Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS) and the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), this study examines access to postsecondary education by individuals in different income and test score groups. While many studies have found a statistically significant effect of income on college enrollment,1 less attention has been paid to the effect of family income after controlling for student achievement. This study specifically addresses this issue. We also explore differences in...
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...role of leaders and leadership in serving as effective change agents. Abstract Change has an important place in the study of organizational life. Whether a corporate giant or a small start-up, every organization today faces the challenge to change and adapt, either as a response to the external environment or simply a deliberate internal procedure to re-look at business operations to maintain its viability. Generally, people are usually inclined to defend the status-quo and resist change for a multitude of reasons ranging from a straightforward intellectual disagreement to deep-seated psychological factors. The degree of skepticism and resistance to change from employees make implementation difficult and their counter-productive behaviors tend to jeopardise the success of the change process and thus the intended objectives. Successfully reducing resistance and motivating employees through the transition is vital in organizational change efforts. Salient factors from literature reviews in enabling organizational change are presented and the need of leadership and role of leaders as effective change agents is discussed in this essay. Successful organisational change is about the interplay of all organizational elements such as human resources, systems and technologies. Good leaders and leadership skills have been identified as pivotal to garnering support of people in championing change initiatives that steer organisations to new frontiers...
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...WOMEN DEVELOPMENT AND NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN IN NIGERIA Olubunmi Aderemi Sokefun Abstract This paper discusses the document on women in Nigeria (National Policy on Women). Several past administrations in this country have treated women issues and affairs with calculated levity: Carefully side - tracking or blatantly refusing to accord it the necessary attention. It is now a thing to gladden the hearts of all women of Nigeria that, "after four attempts by four former heads of Nigeria's Government," Chief Obasanjo's administration finally granted government recognition to women's issues in this country. The official document .on Human Rights' issues as it relates to Nigerian women; this document is known as the NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN. This paper therefore focuses on the document which promises to bring delight to the heart of every woman in this country. Introduction When late Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome Kuti joined the vanguard team as the only nationalist and activist during the early struggle for Nigerian independence, hardly did .anybody realize then that she had a dream, a clear vision of a future Nigerian woman, that vision was crystal clear in her heart, and like a pivot, it stood firmly on three stand posts-known today as women's rights, women emancipation and women empowerment.. . Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti later joined by some educated women of like minds, fought daringly and relentlessly for these three .pivotal goals of women emergency and relevance in the socio-political...
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...STUDIES IN PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND WORK Mike Hayler University of Brighton, UK Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education examines the professional life and work of teacher educators. In adopting an autoethnographic and life-history approach, Mike Hayler develops a theoretically informed discussion of how the professional identity of teacher educators is both formed and represented by narratives of experience. The book draws upon analytic autoethnography and life-history methods to explore the ways in which teacher educators construct and develop their conceptions and practice by engaging with memory through narrative, in order to negotiate some of the ambivalences and uncertainties of their work. The author’s own story of learning, embedded within the text, was shared with other teacher-educators, who following interviews wrote self-narratives around themes which emerged from discussion. The focus for analysis develops from how professional identity and pedagogy are influenced by changing perceptions and self-narratives of life and work experiences, and how this may influence professional culture, content and practice in this area. Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education STUDIES IN PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND WORK The book includes an evaluation of how using this approach has allowed the author to investigate both the subject and method of the research with implications for ...
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...International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 7[Special Issue –June 2011] Occupational Stress of Teachers: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Macedonia Dr. Figen Eres Assistant Professor Department of Educational Science Gazi University, Ankara Turkey E-mail: feres@gazi.edu.tr, Phone: +903124844631 Dr. Tatjana Atanasoska Assistant Professor Department of Education University of St. Kliment Ohridski, Macedonia E -mail: t.atanasoska@pfbt.uklo.edu.mk, Phone: +38970853624 Abstract The aim of the study is to determine the stress level of Turkish and Macedonian teachers living in different socio-cultural and economic situations. The scale used in the study has been developed by researches. 416 Turkish teachers and 213 Macedonian teachers have participated in the study. At the end of the study it was seen that Turkish teachers have mild stress levels and Macedonian teachers have moderate stress levels. There is a meaningful difference in the stress level points of Turkish and Macedonian teachers. Policy makers are advised to analyse the teacher training and assessment system with the assumption that personal and social characteristics and working conditions may have an effect on teacher stress. Implications for further research are also discussed. Keywords: Teacher stress, primary education teachers, Macedonia, Turkey 1.Introduction Stress is the abnormal reaction that the organism displays against threating environmental elements. (Luthans, 1994)...
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...Medicine—history—United States. WB 940 G396d 2004] I. Gevitz, Norman. D.O.’s. II. Title. RZ325.U6G48 2004 615.5′33′0973—dc21 2003012874 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Frontispiece courtesy of the Still National Osteopathic Museum, Kirksville, Missouri. For Kathryn Gevitz This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface & Acknowledgments ix Chapter 1 Andrew Taylor Still THE MISSOURI MECCA IN THE FIELD 39 1 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 STRUCTURE & FUNCTION EXPANDING THE SCOPE 54 69 85 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 THE PUSH FOR HIGHER STANDARDS A QUESTION OF IDENTITY The California Merger 101 115 135 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 REAFFIRMATION & EXPANSION In a Sea of Change 155 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 THE CHALLENGE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 171 Notes 193 Index 237 This page intentionally left blank PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I first became aware of the existence of the osteopathic medical profession during the summer of 1974. I was meeting my friend David,...
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...RESEARCH NOTE EXHAUSTION FROM INFORMATION SYSTEM CAREER EXPERIENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR TURN-AWAY INTENTION1 Deborah J. Armstrong Entrepreneurship, Strategy & Information Systems Department, College of Business, Florida State University, 821 Academic Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1110 U.S.A. {darmstrong@business.fsu.edu} Nita G. Brooks Computer Information Systems, Jones College of Business, Middle Tennessee State University, MTSU Box 45, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 U.S.A. {nita.brooks@mtsu.edu} Cynthia K. Riemenschneider Management Information Systems Department, Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University, 1 Bear Place #98005, Waco, TX 76798-8005 U.S.A. {c_riemenschneider@baylor.edu} 1 While the U.S. economy is recovering slowly, reports tell us that the supply of information systems (IS) professionals is declining and demand is once again on the rise. With organizations challenged in their efforts to hire additional staff, IS professionals are being asked to do even more, often leading to burnout, turnover, and turnaway intentions. Building on Ahuja et al.’s (2007) work on turnover intentions and using the job demands– resources model of burnout as an organizing framework for the antecedents to exhaustion from IS career experience (EISCE), this illustrative research note draws attention to exhaustion in IS professionals that spans an individual’s professional career. Findings indicate that IS professionals’ perceived workload (demand) was associated with...
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...Aptitude Testing and the Legal Profession 6 June 2011 Dr. Chris Dewberry Birkbeck, University of London 1 Acknowledgement: I wish to thank Chris Hutton for his help in compiling information in the section of this report entitled Aptitude Tests Currently Used in the Professional Services Sector, Appendix 3, and Appendix 4. 2 Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 6 The Background to this Report................................................................................................ 12 An Introduction to Aptitude and Aptitude Tests ..................................................................... 13 A Brief History of Psychological Ability Testing ....................................................................... 16 The Origins of Testing .......................................................................................................... 16 The Birth of the Modern Ability Test ................................................................................... 17 The Introduction of Group Testing ...................................................................................... 19 The New Science of Psychological Testing .......................................................................... 20 The Growth of the Ability and Aptitude Testing Industry ................................................... 20 Aptitudes and...
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...Weade A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Training and Development Approved: 4 Semester Credits ________________________________________________ Dr. Joseph A. Benkowski, Research Advisor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin - Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate College University of Wisconsin Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Weade (Writer)(Last Name) Barbara (First) L. (Middle Initial) SCHOOL AND WORK TARDINESS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RURAL WISCONSIN Title Training & Development Dev (Graduate Program) Dr. Joseph Benkowski (Research Advisor) May 2004 (Month/Year) 80 (#Pgs) American Psychological Association, 5th edition Manual Style Businesses expect employees to arrive at the workplace with basic Asoft skills@ which include personal attributes like punctuality. The purpose of this research study was to examine the relationship between school and work tardiness in high school students in rural central Wisconsin. The literature review covered tardiness and absences in the work and school environment, school failure and its relationship to school tardiness and absenteeism, school interventions to change deviant behavior, students= insights about deviant school behavior, the home influence on school tardiness and absences, and the effect of work on school behavior and iii performance. The research showed that working students are significantly different than their fellow...
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