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Example of Business Ethics Case Study (Indonesian)

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Taken from:
Jennings, Marianne Moody. 2008. Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings. United State of America: Cengage Learning

The Finance Club at Harvard University is a prestigious organization for Harvard MBA students. The student members have the opportunity to interact with public officials like Senator William Proxmire and business executives such as Bruce Wasserstein. The Finance Club also serves as a network for job hunting.

Each spring, the club holds elections for its officers, including two co-presidents. In the spring of 1992, after initial balloting, there was a tie between two teams of two co-presidents. Murry Gunty was one member of one of the teams and busily recruited students to vote in a run-off election. Two of the students he recruited voted under names of absentee members of the Finance Club. The new votes gave Mr.Gunty his victory. However, two of the votes were from students who were not members of the club, but used someone else’s name to vote.1

After an anonymous tip, the elections were set aside and the runners-up installed as co-presidents. Mr.Gunty was required to write a paper on ethics.2

1 Gilbert Fuchsberg, “Harvard Has Some Crimson Faces Over a Lesson in Practical Politics,” The Wall Street Journal, April 9, 1992, B1
2 ”Harvard Student Rigging Election Must Write Paper,” The Wall Street Journal, April 24, 1992, A3

Kasus
The Finance Club Universitas Harvard adalah sebuah organisasi yang mempromosikan kegiatan dan karir seputar keuangan di kalangan mahasiswa MBA Harvard Business School (HBS). Klub Keuangan ini adalah salah satu klub terbesar di kampus dengan lebih dari 500 anggota dan melayani siswa dengan berbagai kepentingan keuangan terkait seperti Investment Banking, Investment Management, Venture Capital/Private Equity, atau Corporate Finance (www.hbsfinanceclub.com). Melalui acara seperti Konferensi Keuangan Tahunan dan the Days on Wall Street Trek, para anggota komunitas HBS dan profesional dari Wall Street dapat bertemu dan memiliki kesempatan untuk berinteraksi, seperti bertemu dengan tokoh masyarakat, Senator William Proxmire, dan eksekutif bisnis, Bruce Wasserstein.

Setiap musim semi, klub tersebut mengadakan pemilihan pejabat struktural organisasi termasuk dua co-presidents. Musim semi 1992, setelah proses pemungutan suara awal dilakukan, dua tim dari dua co-presidents memiliki hasil suara yang sama. Murry Gunty adalah salah satu anggota sebuah tim co-president yang sangat sibuk mempengaruhi dan mengajak mahasiswa untuk memberikan suaranya. Dua mahasiswa yang diajaknya memberikan suara menggunakan nama anggota Finance Club yang sedang absen. Dua suara yang dimanipulasi tersebut memberikan kemenangan pada tim Gunty.

Setelah hal ini terungkap, proses pemilihan dihentikan dan tim pesaing Gunty dinyatakan menang dan kandidatnya ditetapkan sebagai co-president. Di lain pihak, Gunty diharuskan menulis sebuah paper tentang etika.

Isu & Dasar Etik
Pada kasus Murry Gunty terkait masalah manipulasi suara dalam proses pemilihan co-president Finance Club HBS, ada unethical behavior yang sangat jelas terdeteksi dan mengakibatkan kerugian pada seluruh pihak terkait. Unethical behavior itu terjadi ketika Gunty melakukan rigged election, manipulasi pemilihan supaya kandidatnya memperoleh kemenangan. Dia memasukkan dua suara yang berasal dari mahasiswa bukan anggota Finance Club; sehingga hasil seri yang didapat pada pemungutan suara awal berubah dan timnya memperoleh kemenangan. Tidak berhenti sampai disitu, karena setelah kasus ini terkuak, kandidat tim pesaing Gunty akhirnya naik menjadi co-president dan ada “hukuman” membuat paper tentang etika untuk Gunty. Proses politik yang coba dilakukan oleh Finance Club HBS menjadi tercoreng akibat peristiwa ini.

Apa yang dilakukan oleh Gunty ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai personal pada diri Gunty atau bisa jadi semata hanya karena dorongan internal untuk memenangkan timnya. Di sisi lain, mungkin tidak adanya aturan dan hukuman yang jelas terhadap pelanggaran-pelanggaran spesifik yang dapat terjadi selama proses pemilihan co-president Finance Club MBS, turut mempengaruhi Gunty dalam melakukan rigged election tersebut. Hal ini terbukti dengan adanya “kesan kebingungan” dalam memberikan hukuman pada Gunty. yang akhirnya diminta membuat paper tentang etika.
Solusi
Di dalam proses pemilihan pejabat struktural organisasi sebaiknya ditetapkan aturan-aturan yang secara spesifik dapat mengatur jalannya proses pemilihan suara dan dapat menghindarkan terjadinya unethical behavior. Aturan-aturan itu dapat meliputi siapa saja yang boleh memberikan suara (misalnya pada kasus di atas, hanya anggota HBS yang dapat memberikan suara) dan hukuman-hukuman apa yang dapat diberikan jika ditemukan pelanggaran etis (misalnya pada kasus di atas, dapat dicopot keanggotaannya dari Finance Club HBS).

Discussion Questions
1. In the words of the school newspaper publisher, “Why would anyone do this? It’s just a club.” Menurut pendapat saya, Gunty melakukan hal ini karena faktor nilai-nilai personal pada dirinya. Selain untuk memperoleh celah yang lebih luas untuk menjalin hubungan dengan tokoh-tokoh penting dalam dunia bisnis, mungkin ada kebanggaan tersendiri baginya jika dapat membawa kandidatnya memenangkan persaingan (kebutuhan akan penghargaan).
2. Was anyone really hurt by the conduct? Menurut saya, yang paling merasa tersakiti adalah Harvard University, khususnya Finance Club HBS karena usahanya untuk melakukan proses pemilihan sebagai praktek politik tercoreng akibat unethical behavior yang terbukti dilakukan oleh Gunty, salah satu anggotanya .
3. Would you have reported the conduct anonymously or disclosed it publicly? Saya lebih memilih untuk mengungkapkan hal itu secara terbuka kepada masyarakat, namun dengan hanya memberikan inisial nama orang dan organisasi saja (sesuai kode etik jurnalistik). Hal ini bukan bermaksud menjelek-jelekkan yang bersangkutan, tetapi agar masyarakat dapat belajar dari peristiwa ini, sehingga kejadian serupa dapat terhindarkan.
4. What are the long-term implications for Mr. Gunty? Kecuali Gunty dapat memberikan kontribusi positifnya bagi dunia bisnis tanpa unethical behavior, implikasi jangka panjang yang dapat diperoleh Gunty adalah kontrol sosial masyarakat yang negatif karena tindakan tidak etisnya yang telah merugikan dirinya sendiri dan organisasi terkait.

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