Free Essay

Example of Management

In:

Submitted By isalop1989
Words 835
Pages 4
CONTABILIDAD GERENCIAL 2
RESUMEN CAP # 7

TIPOS DE SISTEMAS DE COSTEO
Este sistema es usado para determinar los costos unitarios, además dependerá en alto grado de la naturaleza del proceso productivo involucrado. En general se manejan dos tipos de sistemas de costeo como respuesta a las variaciones del proceso que se efectúa. Estos sistemas se conocen como: costeo por procesos y costeo por órdenes de trabajo.

COSTEO POR ORDENES DE TRABAJO
Este se usa en aquellas situaciones de producción en las que muchos productos, diferentes trabajados u órdenes de producción se efectúan en cada período.

Ejemplo de empresas que usan el costeo por órdenes de trabajo • Imprentas • Industria de muebles • Empresas de fabricación de herramientas • Industria metalmetálica • Empresas de servicios

Independientemente de si se trabaja con el sistema de costeo por proceso o por órdenes de trabajo, el problema de determinar los costos unitarios implica la necesidad de algún tipo de promedio. La diferencia esencial entre los métodos de costeo está en la manera de lograr estos promedios.

Hay tres categorías amplias de costos involucrados en la manufactura de todo producto: • Materiales directos • Mano de obra directa • Costos indirectos de fabricación

MEDICIÓN DEL COSTEO DEL MATERIAL DIRECTO
El proceso productivo comienza con la transferencia de materias primas desde la bodega o almacén de materiales hasta la línea de producción.

Este volumen de materias primas se asigna de manera directa a los artículos que van produciéndose y por esto se les designa como materiales directos. Otros materiales, en general denominados materiales indirectos, no se cargan a órdenes específicas y se incluyen dentro de la categoría general de los costos indirectos de fabricación. Los materiales indirectos incluyen costos como pegantes, hilos, botones, etc.

Las materias primas se retiran de la bodega mediante la presentación de las formas de requisición de materiales.
REQUISICIONES
Las requisiciones de materiales son formatos básicos y constituyen la documentación fundamental para los registros contables.

HOJA DE COSTOS
El costo de los materiales directos se lleva a una hoja de costos. La hoja de costos es preparada por un auxiliar de costos con base en la información presentada por el departamento de producción sobre cada trabajo específico.

MEDICION DEL COSTO DE LA MANO DE OBRA DIRECTA
Los costos de la mano de obra directa se miden y acumulan como se hace con los costos de los materiales directos. Los costos de trabajo (mano de obra) en general se acumulan por medio de alguna forma de registro preparado día tras día por cada empleado. Estos registros, con frecuencia denominados tarjetas de tiempo u hojas de tiempo.

APLICACIONES DE LOS COSTOS INDIRECTOS DE FABRICACION
Los costos indirectos de fabricación deben considerarse junto con los materiales directos y con la mano de obra directa, para la determinación de los costos unitarios de las órdenes. Sin embargo, la asignación de los costos indirectos de fabricación a las unidades de producto es una tarea más difícil que la realizada con los materiales directos y la mano de obra directa. Hay tres razones para que esto sea así.

• Primera: los costos indirectos de fabricación son un costo indirecto para las unidades de producto y por esta razón no pueden asignárseles directamente a un producto o trabajo en particular. • Segunda: los costos indirectos de fabricación constan de muchos ítems diferentes, los cuales involucran costos fijos y variables, en rangos tan dispares que van desde el costo de la grasa para los equipos hasta el salario del superintendente de producción. • Tercera: las compañías con fuertes variaciones estacionales en la producción encuentran que, no obstante estas variaciones en producción, los costos indirectos de fabricación tienden a permanecer constantes. La razón es que los costos indirectos de fabricación fijos constituyen parte importante del total de costos indirectos de fabricación.

Por todos estos problemas, la manera más aceptable de asignarles los costos indirectos de fabricación a las unidades del producto o a las órdenes de producción es hacerlo de manera indirecta a través de alguna forma base que permita su asignación. Una vez escogida la base, ésta se distribuye ente los costos indirectos de fabricación presupuestados para el período, y se obtiene así una tasa que debe usarse para aplicar estos costos indirectos de fabricación a los trabajos a medida que se procesen. En resumen, la expresión para calcular la tasa es:

|Fórmula: |Costos indirectos de fabricación totales presupuestados |
| |Unidad relacionada de base (horas de mano de obra directa u horas máquina, etc) |
| | |
| |( = ) tasa de costos indirectos de fabricación predeterminada |

La necesidad de los datos estimados. En la anterior expresión, las cifras estimadas se usan en los cálculos de la tasa de costos indirectos de fabricación. Los costos indirectos de fabricación reales casi nunca se utilizan en el costeo de los productos. La razón es que estos costos reales no están disponibles hasta después de la finalización del período. Lo cual es igualmente tarde para calcular los costos unitarios relacionados, pues la gerencia debe tener los costos unitarios disponibles para determinar los precios de los productos y tomar decisiones operativas y de mercadeo necesarias.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Project Management Example

...Strawberry This article provides a brief summary of the new ordering system to be implemented in the company Cambay, Strawberry This article provides a brief summary of the new ordering system to be implemented in the company Queen’s Coffee 710 Queens St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Telephone :(07)12345678 4/28/2015 Queen’s Coffee 710 Queens St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Telephone :(07)12345678 4/28/2015 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 The Project 3 Objective 3 Standard Requirement 3 Duration 3 Requirements 3 Staff and Customer Notification 3 Budget 4 Materials and Specifications 4 Potential Suppliers & Evaluation 4 Internet Service Provider 4 Budget Summary 6 Implementation 7 Staff Skill Matrix 8 Risk Management 9 Problems & Solution 9 Monitoring 10 Executive Summary Queen’s Coffee is a coffee shop that offers diversity of nutritional foods from the beginning of the day until it finishes. It is also specializing in different high-quality and unique-tasting beverages ranging from cold to hot which earned its popularity amongst great quantity of consumers. It is located in the middle the city thus the level of occupational demand is unpredictable each day. Although the number of employees is sufficient to attend all the customer’s queries the business requires improvement particularly on its ordering system which will aide not only the business itself but as well as the staff members for instances such as unexpected array of crowds’...

Words: 1823 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Ibm Example for Employee Management

...Here is another example of IBM. Briscoe (2009) claimed that IBM updated their measurement of employees’ performance in 2007. Directors will build a special department for measuring, and they will measure their employees in the end of one year based on their normal work performance, service ability, character, knowledge, working attitude and punctuality. The measuring record plays an important role in a company as the basis of promotion, transfer, resignation, normal salary and annual reward to everyone. The annual performance appraisal score is divided into five grades. The first grade is 90 points or more, so employees who get this grade will be get a promotion, and given more 10 times payment. The second grade is between 80 and 90, and they will be given more 5 times payment. The third grade is above 70 points, but less than 80 points, they will be get more 3 times payment. If employees’ score is just below 60 points, their payment will not be changed. Besides, if employees do special contribution to company, they will be added 5 points one time. By contrast, if they do something which breaks the rule, they will be reduced 5 points as well. Only in this way can directors know who good employees are and who weak ones are. Directors can judge and manage stuff more directly and effectively, even adjust departments and formulate strategy, for instance, they will keep and develop good employees, or give them promotion. On the contrary, they also can do professional training for...

Words: 362 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Marketing Management Plan Example

...Marketing Management Cleaning Service Center Group 2 Name: Aditya. Demus Bobby. Panda Dave. Lie James. Nanggala Kristian Siwi Rivan. Kojongian Sendy. Lenak Executive summary What sets us apart in cleaning services is that we think nowadays people are too busy with their work and their job so they doesn’t have much time to clean their place (house). So we offer them a service to help them clean up and do their housework. We also provide employees for those who wants to use our service such as commercial or janitorial service and Gardening or Landscaping service. We would make them experience a healthy, clean, tidy and bright residence with a very environmental friendly process. Logo * Cleaning Service * Eco Service Slogan Cleanse and brighten your healthy residence Market Analysis In developed countries such as U.S and U.K. This kind of service are very in demand service. below is the diffrence chart of two commercial company. Source: Google.com, www.TideCleaning.com Macro Environmental situation Demographic Residence and officeblock, busy house hold. Needs and Trends In developing country, people gets too busy to clean their place so they need a kind of service who can help them keep their place clean and relaxing. Technological we can promote our services through social media and Internet. Economic Environment we will offer our service in middle to high economic income. That is the macro environmental situation for our service...

Words: 1173 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Example of Financial Management Report

...TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter I 1.1. Introduction Chapter II 2.1. Liquidity Ratio 2.1.1 Current Ratio 2.1.2 Quick or Acid Test Ratio 1. 2. 3.1. 3.2. Asset Management Ratio 2. 3.1. 3.2. 2.2.1 Inventory Turnover Ratio 2.2.2 Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio 2.2.3 Days Sales Outstanding 2.2.4 Total Asset Turnover Ratio 3.3. Debt Management Ratio 2.3.1 Debt Ratio 2.3.2 Times-Interest-Earned-Ratio 3.4. Profitability Ratio 2.4.1 Operating Margin 2.4.2 Profit Margin 2.4.3 Return on Total Asset 2.4.4 Basic Earning Power Ratio 2.4.5 Return on Common Equity Chapter III 3.1. Calculation 3.1.1 Liquidity Ratio 3.1.2 Asset Management Ratio 3.1.3 Debt Management Ratio 3.1.4 Profitability Ratio 1. 2. 3. 3. 4.5. 4.6. Trend Analysis Appendix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Pharmaniaga Berhad, the largest integrated local healthcare company has established the reputation of a corporation that delivers value to its clients and stakeholders through impeccable quality products and services. The Group is driven by its goal to enrich the lives of the communities it serves while being guided by its business philosophy of doing business with a conscience. Hence, this cover concept coupled with the theme...

Words: 1996 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Good Example of Personal Statement (Management)

...In an ever globalising and fast paced world, it is important to frequently adapt and be able to contribute universal ideas in order to strive. That is what I desire to achieve, to become a specialist at communicating with people, managing them and fulfilling my ideas professionally. These are the reasons why I wish to study Management at your University. Being a team leader has always been one of my main strengths. I am good at communicating with team members and bringing out the best in them. I have participated in the Lithuania’s Junior Achievement program, and had the opportunity to test my leadership skills. The program consisted of simulations of various business problems that require analytical thinking and to be able to successfully work in a team. I was the team leader and our team performed very well, we were ranked among the top 10 of the best teams. Another strength is that I never hesitate to speak in English when I have the opportunity. This is mainly because it has always been interesting for me as a language and I had the chance to participate in several English language contests in the Baltic States. I have not won any medals, but the experience and knowledge gained has undoubtedly benefited me in both school and daily life activities. Active participation in school has always been my main objective, because I sincerely believe that having a good background in school is of key importance in order to successfully gain knowledge in University. Order is what...

Words: 593 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Human Resource Management Personal Statement Examples

...certified professional for a successful company or government agency within the next five years. Earlier this year I joined a local chapter for SHRM (Society for Human Resource Management) and began attending monthly educational training sessions on various human resources related topics to gain more knowledge of the HR industry for a position I held as business development manager for a staffing agency. I quickly realized that I truly enjoyed attending the trainings and the information I was learning. I also realized that I no longer had any desire to work in a sales or business development capacity but instead make a career change into...

Words: 1059 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

. Give Examples of the 15 Areas of Risk Management

...Classical Art Essay Art has a unique way to express the spirit of nature in humans and in their culture. It does represent a specific time in history and a story in life. Every piece of art whether it is a painting, sculpture, photography, and music it creates a significant concept of self- consciousness in its Art. However, in the perception of classical art it provides the values of beauty, positive, and the negatives aesthetics of art. The painting below is a picture of Johann Joachim Winkelmann, and the artist of the paintiing is Anton Raphael Mengs. This essay will provide information of the painting and the artist, it will explain the reason this piece of art is a form of classical art, and the significant lessen it represents in a moral sense during this ancient time of Greek art. Who is Anton R. Mengs and where was he from? Anton Mengs was a German painter who lived in Rome and was known as the master painter. He possessed a great talent in creating paintings in Greek art and died 1779 in Rome. This particular painting of Joachim J. Winkemann who was painted in the mid 1700’s, and was an ancient writer in Greek and died 1768 (Chisholm,1911) . This specific piece of art represents attributes of classical aesthetics of art. It shows the beauty and good of Greek art. According to this painting it is evident a story lives and represents balance and reason. Joachim J. Winkemann facial expressions expresses that he has a purpose in life and shows little abstract...

Words: 520 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Using Relevant Theories and Examples Outline the Arguments for and Against an Organization Adopting an Ethical Approach to Management.

...Using Relevant Theories and Examples outline the arguments for and against an organization adopting an ethical approach to management. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the case for and against an organization adopting an ethical approach. This essay will look into the two sides of the argument in depth using relevant theories, examples and case studies. The first part of this essay will look into why an organization adopting an ethical approach to management could ultimately benefit the firm. The essay will look at various strengths that could be achieved by an organization, these theories and ideas will be backed up with possible case studies and real life examples. The second part of this essay will look at the case against a firm adopting an ethical approach to management. Again various reasons will be analyzed and will be backed up using relevant theories, case studies and real life examples. After looking at both sides of the argument this essay hopes to come to a conclusion perhaps suggesting that it would be important for organizations to act ethically to a certain extent. Before going into the first side of the argument it will be important to define what is meant by an ‘ethical approach to management’, so this section of the essay will compare and contrast various definitions. One definition suggests that ‘ethics are the moral principles that should underpin decision-making. A decision made on ethics might reject the most profitable solution...

Words: 2517 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Using Relevant Theories and Examples Outline the Arguments for and Against an Organization Adopting an Ethical Approach to Management.

...Using Relevant Theories and Examples outline the arguments for and against an organization adopting an ethical approach to management. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the case for and against an organization adopting an ethical approach. This essay will look into the two sides of the argument in depth using relevant theories, examples and case studies. The first part of this essay will look into why an organization adopting an ethical approach to management could ultimately benefit the firm. The essay will look at various strengths that could be achieved by an organization, these theories and ideas will be backed up with possible case studies and real life examples. The second part of this essay will look at the case against a firm adopting an ethical approach to management. Again various reasons will be analyzed and will be backed up using relevant theories, case studies and real life examples. After looking at both sides of the argument this essay hopes to come to a conclusion perhaps suggesting that it would be important for organizations to act ethically to a certain extent. Before going into the first side of the argument it will be important to define what is meant by an ‘ethical approach to management’, so this section of the essay will compare and contrast various definitions. One definition suggests that ‘ethics are the moral principles that should underpin decision-making. A decision made on ethics might reject the most profitable solution...

Words: 326 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Bus 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain

...BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain To Buy this Class Copy & paste below link in your Brower http://www.homeworkregency.com/downloads/bus-631-week-5-assignment-risk-management-supply-chain/ Or Visit Our Website Visit : http://www.homeworkregency.com Email Us : homeworkregency@gmail.com BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain Risk Management and the Supply Chain. Discuss an example of how an unknown-unknown risk proved damaging to a supply chain. You are free to utilize any example and any organization of your choosing. Explain specifically how each of the following might have mitigated this risk: Invest in redundancy Increase velocity in sensing and responding Create an adaptive supply chain community Present your response in the form of a three to four page, APA-style paper. BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain To Buy this Class Copy & paste below link in your Brower http://www.homeworkregency.com/downloads/bus-631-week-5-assignment-risk-management-supply-chain/ Or Visit Our Website Visit : http://www.homeworkregency.com Email Us : homeworkregency@gmail.com BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain Risk Management and the Supply Chain. Discuss an example of how an unknown-unknown risk proved damaging to a supply chain. You are free to utilize any example and any organization of your choosing. Explain specifically how each of the following might have...

Words: 2604 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Bus 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain

...BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain To Buy this Class Copy & paste below link in your Brower http://www.homeworkregency.com/downloads/bus-631-week-5-assignment-risk-management-supply-chain/ Or Visit Our Website Visit : http://www.homeworkregency.com Email Us : homeworkregency@gmail.com BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain Risk Management and the Supply Chain. Discuss an example of how an unknown-unknown risk proved damaging to a supply chain. You are free to utilize any example and any organization of your choosing. Explain specifically how each of the following might have mitigated this risk: Invest in redundancy Increase velocity in sensing and responding Create an adaptive supply chain community Present your response in the form of a three to four page, APA-style paper. BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain To Buy this Class Copy & paste below link in your Brower http://www.homeworkregency.com/downloads/bus-631-week-5-assignment-risk-management-supply-chain/ Or Visit Our Website Visit : http://www.homeworkregency.com Email Us : homeworkregency@gmail.com BUS 631 Week 5 Assignment Risk Management and the Supply Chain Risk Management and the Supply Chain. Discuss an example of how an unknown-unknown risk proved damaging to a supply chain. You are free to utilize any example and any organization of your choosing. Explain specifically how each of the following might have...

Words: 3426 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Business

...Home Research Proposals Marketing Management TQM Examples Strategic Management Management Examples Strategic Management Archives Subscribe 6 Online Users    Search Custom Search Categories Abstract Examples Accounting System Advertising Examples Agricultural Industry Asian Financial Crisis Australia Samples Australian Industrial Relations Commission Australian Labor Party Banking Sector Examples Behavioral Changes Examples Brand Development Samples Brand Equity Management Samples Brand Management Samples Budgeting Process Examples Building Construction Case Studies Business Examples Business Insurance Examples Capital Structure Samples Case Study Examples Change Management Programs Samples Change Process Examples Child Abuse Case Samples Civil Service Commission Case Studies Coca Cola Samples Collection Strategy Examples Company Supply Chain Relationship Comparative Analysis Examples Comparing Issues Competition Competitive Advantage Compulsory Education Examples Computer Science Sample Studies Conclusions Conde Nast Traveler Conflict Management Examples Consulting Consumer Confidence Contrasting Issues Corporate Governance Systems Corporate Law Corporate Social Responsibility Costa Coffee Case Studies Critical Study Crown Entity Culture Curriculum Vitae Examples Customer Satisfaction Customers Debt Decision Making Dell UK Different Strategies Dissertation Samples E­currency Trading East Asia Economic Forces Economic Plausibility Examples Education Egypt Eliminate Racial Discrimination...

Words: 3247 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Management

...Chapter 1 Learning objectives: 1. Describe the nature of management, define management and managers, and characterize their importance to contemporary organizations. Answer: management is a set of activities including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling, directed at an organization’s resources(human, financial, physical and information) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. A manager is someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process within an organization. 2. Identify and briefly explain the four basic management functions in organizations. Answer: planning and decision making (determining courses of action), organizing (coordinating activities and resources), leading (motivating and managing people), controlling (monitoring and evaluating activities). These activities are not performed on a systematic and predictable schedule. 3. Describe the kinds of managers found at different levels and in different areas of the organization. Answer: By level, we can identify top, middle and first-line managers. Kinds of managers by area include marketing, financial, operations, human resource, administrative, and specialized managers. 4. Identify the basic managerial roles that managers play and the skills they need to be successful. Answers: Interpersonal roles (figurehead, leader, and liaison). Informational roles (monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson)...

Words: 2158 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Operation Management

...Chapter 1 Competing with Operations Foundations of Operations Management, Ritzman & Krajewski © What Is a Process? • Process – Activities that transform inputs, add value and generate output(s) • Examples: – Manufacturing process • Furniture manufacturing: cutting or staining wood – Non-Manufacturing Process • Checking in passengers Foundations of Operations Management, Ritzman & Krajewski © 1-2 Processes & Operations Internal and external customers Inputs • • • • • • • • Workers Managers Equipment Facilities Materials Services Land Energy Processes and operations 1 3 5 2 4 Outputs • Services • Goods Figure 1.1 Information on performance 1-3 Foundations of Operations Management, Ritzman & Krajewski © Nested Processes at a Large Bank BANK Operations Cash Management Loan operations Trading operations Others ATM Support Customer transactions Service quality Others Maintain Cards Research problems Site analysis Others Retail Distribution Compliance Finance Human resources Teller Line Transactions Track branch sales ATM hotline Others Process Deposits Cash checks Safe deposit boxes Others Products Auto Finance Cards Mortgages Others Credit Applications Manage retail products Originate lease portfolio Others Loan Documentation Review credit standing Obtain manager approval Others Wholesale Trading Loan administration Leasing Others Fund Management Market making spot Dealer support Others Prepare Reports Attend meetings...

Words: 1331 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Services

...[Chapter 1] 1) List and explain the types of product.  A product is a thing that can be offered to a market or consumers that might satisfied a want or needs. Profit can be earned by providing product to market in business. Products can be in the form of two types that is tangible and intangible products. ← Tangible products The meaning of tangible products is the things that can be feeling by fingertips, smell by nose and see by eyes. The simplest way to explain what tangible products are the things that is physical existence. Example: Ice-cream, vehicles, house, hand phone and television. ← Intangible products Intangible products are the things that are incapable of being touched; it comes in a form of services provided to consumers. Example: Car wash, repairing electronic things, performances and medical check up. 2) What is Strength- Weakness- Opportunity- Threats (SWOT) analysis? Explain detail about the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying of the business ventures and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. A SWOT analysis must first start with defining or objective. SWOT analysis is known by Worldwide and has been the subject of much research. This is what SWOT stand for: ▪ S- Strength: -The stability of a product in next 5 years. -The...

Words: 754 - Pages: 4