...Confronting Crime Look at the different perspectives on the Criminal Justice System A. These are perspectives on formal Social Controls B. They Represent the differences between formal and informal Social Controls 1. Informal social controls a) Social Norms, Morals, and Values that define what is Right or Wrong 1) Basic Social Rules that we live our day to day lives by 2) They keep us from hurting or depriving each other 3) For Example: the "golden rule" a) "Do onto others as you would have them do onto you" b) Fear of social disapproval regulates our behavior 1) In society, those who break the law, even if they are not apprehended, are looked down upon c) Example: why do we wear clothes to class? 1) Is it because we will be arrested for indecent exposure if we do not? 2) Alternatively, is it because everyone will laugh at us if we do not? d) Norms, Morals, and values are Situationally defined 1) Each social group can define what it considers right and wrong a) If this was a class at a "clothing optional" campus, it wouldn't be a big deal if you didn't wear clothes to class 2. The Criminal Justice System and its Administration is our System of Formal Social Controls a)...
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...Natives or multiracial people. Racial and ethnic disparities are one of the many factors that produce inequalities in the health status of an individual in the United States. Whether it is caused by the quality of care, assess to care or insurance coverage. All cause problems for these cultures. In the 2000 census, 36.4 million persons, approximately 12.9% of the U.S. population, identified themselves as Black or African American; 35.4 million of these persons identified themselves as non-Hispanic (cdc, 2012). In 2007, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the United States had almost 38.8 million Black or African American (12.9% of the U.S. population); more than 45.5 million Hispanics or Latinos (15.1%); almost 13.4 million Asians (4.4%); more than 0.5 million Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) (0.2%) and more than 2.9 million American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AI/ANS) (1.0%) of whom 57% reside on federal trust lands (archive. ahrq,2014). African Americans by both censuses only make up 12.9% of the U.S. population but suffer ethnic and racial disparities at a high rate. This may be due to the lack of education, loss of insurance or the lack of quality health care. One would think that with the advancements in health care this would not be an issue. But it is. In a 2002 report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) called Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ)...
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...and face paint appropriates navy camouflage used in the World Wars to distort enemy weapons. The next example of anti-surveillance camouflage brought up by Monahan is Leo Selvaggio’s Resin mask design of the URME project, which includes software that will automatically edit videos to replace the persons face with his. Last, Monahan describes the Noisebridge Anti-Surveillance Fashion Show, which showcased various mock serious designs such as belts that scan nearby networks for information. The fashion show went on to showcase designs concerned with violence against women such as the “Rear Window Shade” which allows the wearer to see who is sneaking up behind them. Monahan ultimately argues that, anti-surveillance camouflage is does not qualify as countervisuality, which can be defined as asserting a collective challenge to the state surveillance structure while acknowledging the discriminatory and oppressive tendencies of it. He goes on to establish the designs as a form of aestheticization of resistance because they generate media attention and scholarly interest without challenging the actual issue, which is the magnitude and discriminatory tendencies of surveillance in society. These camouflage strategies are hyper- individualized and consumer oriented because they claim the solution is a personal product as opposed to a correction to the actual system. Instead of confronting the problem of state...
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...Chapter 1 theories and methods. 1.1 Scientific Method in social science Describe some of the major areas of study in the social sciences: The major areas of study in social sciences are Political Science, Biology and Psychology, Geography, Sociology, anthropology and history. What was the main debate among the scholars in the social science department? The main debate among the scholars is which of all of the above areas of study are the most important and relevant when it comes to individual formation and thinking in reguards to social sciences and what causes people to become the people that they are. Location? Biological and Psychological make-up? Influence from higher powers (Political Science)? Or ancestry and our history? What factors do you think are the most important in shaping a human being? I truly believe that there is not really one factor that outweighs another, it is a mix of all of them. Perhaps Psychological factors may have more to do with it depending on an individual, however the Psyche can also be changed and manipulated quite easily according to events and a whole list of other things. How do the textbook authors define the scientific method? The purpose of the scientific method is to obtain evidence that is verifiable and subject to replication and to make no judgment about even the most seemingly obvious “facts” until original suppositions are overwhelmingly supported by proof. The basic technique of the scientific method is a special kind...
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...also generates a number of social problems, such as polarization and inequality. To solve the problems resulting from urban sprawl, many international organizations put technology forward as the most efficient and economically feasible approach. This essay will outline how urban sprawl results in these problems and point out the risks of depending on technologies to address environmental issues as well as its limitation to solve the social ones. In many countries in the world, urban sprawl imposes great stress on both of ecological and social well-being. In the first place, urban sprawl causes a lot of environmental problems. One of the burning issues for the international community is global warming. In order to support the running of current transportation, the utilities to warm or cool spacious houses and household appliances in neighborhoods on the outskirts of cities, energy mainly created by fossil fuels becomes greatly demanded, thus giving rise to higher emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, which is considered as one of the arch-criminals causing global warming (Gonzalez, 2005). Besides climate change, other environmental problems, such as loss of forests and farmland, loss of architecture diversity and higher levels of noise, also result from the over expansion of cities. In addition to ecological impacts, urban sprawl arouses quite a few social conundrums like social inequality. For the urban sprawls with the improvement of mobility, in some motorized...
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...http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/j-cole-harvard#_ http://www.djbooth.net/index/interviews/entry/j.-cole-interview-1027091/ http://sonia-acma01.blogspot.com/2013/11/confronting-inequality-by-paul-krugman.html http://www.resilience.org/stories/2013-06-21/free-time-the-forgotten-american-dream http://hedricksmith.com/books/who-stole-the-american-dream/ https://edgeofcivilization.wordpress.com/lost-in-the-american-dream-book/ http://uproxx.com/smokingsection/2015/03/j-cole-gomd-video-explanation/ http://uproxx.com/smokingsection/2015/03/j-cole-gomd-video-explanation/ http://www.vibe.com/2015/03/j-cole-gomd-kendrick-lamar/ https://youtu.be/H1FqxcfnWi0 One of the main reasons why I choose this subject of how the world is not encouraging economic growth, was because of urban rap artist J Cole. He is a perfect example that I can not only relate to but understand how he lived. J Cole (Jermaine Cole) any many of his interviews he talks about the exact type of equality of chance of growth I am introducing. By telling his personal story though his music and the interviews, gives me a greater insight on how I have been taught as a kid my whole life. As he also introduces the manner that the people of different business are being used as a slavery image, I can transverse that to fit my essay. Everything aspect that J Cole went through was a exact match to what my father warned me about this world before I had to experience it. J Cole offers the same mind set as well as, compatible...
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...Molly Fisher October 10th 2012 Women, Animals, Nature Third Writing Assignment Are animals equal to humans? Humans are the most successful evolutionary animals known to ever exist to this day. There are endless accomplishments of man; from learning to start a fire to survive the cold, to the ability to hunt game for food, to the discovery of the vaccine, to the invention of incredibly fast transportation, to the fabrication of Wi-Fi, to the ability to connect to others around the world with a simple device called the iPhone. Without doubt, no other species has come to rival our intelligence and ability to progress and adapt to new environments. The value of a human life is so extraordinary because of the potential of the human intellect. Furthermore, it is because our extensive spectrum of emotions including the ability to empathize for others. This is the ultimate evidence of the greatness of man. Yet the question remains: is it wrong to choose a baby’s life over the life of an animal? Undeniably, animals are not equal to humans however, this doesn’t justify the horrors of animal cruelty that go on in today’s world. In evolutionary terms, we are biologically programmed to choose human life over a life of another species. If we didn’t follow this instinct we never would have been able to evolve. None of the above accomplishments would ever have happened. Likewise, animals that are intelligent don’t consider themselves equal to humans. They also don’t consider their own...
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...some are calling "designer babies". The term “designer babies” refers to a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with in vitro fertilization (the joining of a woman's egg and a man's sperm in a laboratory) to ensure the presence or absence of particular genes or characteristics. Dr. Jeffrey Steinberg, a pioneer in in-vitro fertilization and director of Los Angeles Fertility Institute, said that he “would predict that by next year, we will have determined sex with 100 percent certainty on a baby, and we will have determined eye color with about an 80 percent accuracy rate." The prospect of “designer babies”, like many of the ethical challenges posed by the advancements in genetics, is confronting the world so rapidly that doctors, ethicists, religious leaders and politicians are just starting to grapple with the implications. In recent discussion on the applications of genetic technology, a clear distinction has been drawn between “gene therapy”, the use of human gene transfer for therapeutic purposes, and “genetic enhancement”, the use of human gene manipulation to...
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...The Internationally recognised film Samson & Delilah by Warwick Thornton’s is the story of two Indigenous teenagers who live in a remote Indigenous community. Thornton himself was born in a small Aboriginal community outside of Alice Springs and has spent most of his life working in and around Alice Springs. It is no surprise then that the movie is set in a small rural Indigenous town on the outskirts of Alice Springs. The movie explores the well know inequality among different groups in Australia such as Indigenous Australians and enables white Australians to engage with Indigenous Australians way of life. Thornton explores this inequality through the characters Samson (Rowan McNamara) & Delilah (Marissa Gibson) by use of a simple narrative,...
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...there is a tendency for morale to be lowered and decreased productivity. However, conflict can be useful, it can push conflicting parties to grow, communicate and urge the flow of new ideas. For this to happen, leaders need to understand why conflict occurs and take the correct steps to resolve it. According to psychologists Art Bell and Brett Hart, there are eight common causes of conflict within the workplace; conflicting resources, conflicting styles, confliction perceptions, conflicting goals, conflicting pressures conflicting roles, differing personal values and unpredictable policies (Bell, 2002) This paper will discusses a few of this conflict causes as well examples with consequences and possible steps for resolution. Conflicting goals: On occasion conflicting goals may occur in a workplace. As an example from my organization; the supervisor will tell us that it is important that our exams are done with the highest quality, to take our time and do a good job. On the other hand, the Physicians tell the technologist, I just need this test done, all I need to know is X, Y, Z, and I need it quick. These are two drastically differing goals, which can cause conflict in a variety of ways. Unfortunately this is all too often a scenario in our imaging department with resulting consequences. Let’s say the physician requests the technologist to perform a study on is patient prior to surgery. The physician only needs a limited amount of information that could not be obtained...
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...Crime in Caracas Individuals are not only shaped by social factors, but through cultural and environmental factors as well. Societies are constantly changing, and there are many issues and trends that are confronting the global society today. Through sociological perspectives and concepts, one can better understand what is causing these world issues. By studying these perspectives and concepts, students can see how the physical environment and society affect the life choices of individuals. There are a number of countries located in Latin America. Among these countries, there are a number of sociological issues facing the population of Venezuela. The issue that is most important is the violent crime rate of its capital city. The violent crime rate is said to be one of the top five causes of death in Latin America. Homicides, kidnapping, and burglary are among the main types of crime in these countries (Beato). With a population well over twenty-four million, it is no wonder that violent crime is an issue in Venezuela. The country has one of the highest per-capita murder rates in the world; Caracas, which is the capital of Venezuela, has just recently been named the world’s most dangerous city (Spengler). Armed robberies take place in broad daylight throughout this city, including areas frequented by tourists and generally presumed safe. A common technique of a criminal is to choke the victim into unconsciousness and then rob them of all their belongings. Well armed...
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...* Reiman starts from the eminently reasonable query "Why aren't all human acts that hurt others punished equally as crimes?" He examines corporate crime, for example, finding that almost twice as many people are killed each year by preventable accidents or illnesses which take place on the job than are killed by "violent crime" as defined by the mass media. Concrete decisions are made which result in those deaths-all having to do with the bottom line-though those who make those decisions are rarely punished as criminals. * Reiman looks at what functions prisons serve in our society and who this benefits. By only punishing individual violent crimes and individual property crimes, the criminal justice system works to make the poor seem scary and violent. "The value of this to those in positions of power," he writes, "is that it deflects the discontent and potential hostility of Middle America away from the classes above them and toward the classes below them." (emphasis in original.) This creates a distorted image of what hurts people, and in so doing allows people to keep getting hurt. To continue this process, the media endlessly feeds back images of the poor as criminally violent. * Reiman calls this process the "Pyrric defeat" theory: instead of the "Pyrric victory," in which one ostensibly wins though at great costs, with the Pyrric defeat one keeps losing, but in the loss finds enough benefit to actually be winning. "The failure of the criminal justice system...
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...system, such as women’s role as professionals, as well as women as offenders and victims (Schram & Tibbetts 2013, p. 285). Finally, this essay will examine the applicability to Australian society by exploring if the suggested causes of crime apply to Australian society. It will lastly draw on the criticisms of feminist criminology and how the different types of feminist perspectives lessons the relevance of this theory in Australian society. Outlining the theory Feminist criminology first developed in the 1960’s and 1970’s which was closely associated with the emergence of the Second Wave of Feminism (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). The Second Wave of Feminism saw the advent of many issues such as social, political and material inequalities (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). Because men were mostly privileged as a group by society, the development of feminist criminology emphasised and raised concerns of the problem of discrimination of females in the study if crime (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). Thus, focusing on the issue of power and on gender as a social construct. The theory of feminist criminology seeks to address the general absence of women from...
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...Symbolism of Movies Parallels of Star Trek and World Religions Live long and prosper The new star trek is a long journey mainly on the focus of James Kirk and Spok. In the beginning they start out as opposites and in the end they end up as friends. Typical happy ending I know, but the interesting part is that I hope to show the links between Star Trek and World Religions, which I think are both good subjects to explore and correlate. Buddhism, compassion, the middle way, logic instead of belief, going with the flow Spock is buddhism Hinduism vegas attman brahmin, James Kirk being part of a bigger Atman James Kirk is Hinduism at the end when the Romulans whom tried to destroy earth and destroyed the Vulcan planet we at their perril. Being the last ones of their kind about to be destroyed and suffer death, as a way to repair the relationship and “show compassion” Captain James Kirk offers to save them in the name of peace. This shows Taoism repairing relationships as well as ying and yang. One must be ying and not just yang for all to work. Had the Chinese leaders acted with more compassion or even with more yang relationships can be restored and flow. Annica Annatta Every part has a role, possibly equal and as important. Find the link. Spoc always being logical, part human part vulcan, showing no emotion. His planet was destroyed by Romulans and showed no feedback, just like a robot. As his emotions came back he mentions his anger and how he...
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...programs. However, emerging economies are facing many constraints in implementing widespread social security programs to affect equality, poverty alleviation, and income security. When considering Social Security for emerging economies, there are two central issues that must be addressed; can emerging economies sustain viable social security systems, and is social security vital to the development of emerging economies. To understand these issues, and possible solutions, it is useful to look towards the established models found in Europe for answers. Social Security To analyze the issue at hand, we must first understand the definition of social security, as the benefits offered by the State and society differ from country to country. For example, Social Security is a narrowly defined program in the United States, which offers supplemental income to those of retirement age at 65 and older. However, in Europe, social security encompasses a slate of programs that provide cash transfers and benefits for the aged, unemployed, ill, and poor. These programs are often manifested in the form of pensions, unemployment benefits, and in many countries universal healthcare. For this exercise we will use the broad definition of Social Security defined as programs to “protect the poor and vulnerable and to ensure that they have an acceptable standard of living (Ahmad 106).” The central goals of these programs in advanced economies are to smooth consumption, spread income over the lifespan of a...
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