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Exceptionality In The 1800s

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What does the phrase ‘individual with exceptionalities’ mean? Slavin (2012) classifies learners with exceptionalities as “any individual whose physical, mental, or behavioral functioning is so different from the norm-either higher or lower- that additional services are needed to meet the individuals’ needs” (p. 355). The development of special education was set in motion in the early 1800s. Some progress was made in regards to how individuals with exceptionalities were treated; however, there was also a period of time where no progress was seen. In fact, instead of progress, for many years things stayed the same for individuals with disabilities, and then there was a decline. Throughout the years, themes developed which impacted the progression …show more content…
Intelligence tests were developed as a way to identify individuals with exceptionalities and separate them from the general public. This attitude towards individuals with exceptionalities caused a regression in the development of the practice of special education. People wanted to know the cause of exceptionalities and clung to any idea that was tossed out. Social Darwinism became the accepted theory of why individuals have exceptionalities. With tis believe, individuals with exceptionalities were considered a threat and they were once again separated from the general public. The law went so far as to develop marriage restriction laws, and eventually, sterilization laws were put in place. These laws and beliefs started a period of inactivity for special education. Subsequent to World War II, there was another shift in how individuals with exceptionalities were viewed. There were court cases that were won and laws that were passed that caused a forward movement for special education. There were new theories in behavioral psychology, namely Watson’s Behavioralism and Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which turned the focus back to nurturing (Spaulding & Pratt, 2015, p.

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