..."It's true that Pit Bulls grab and hold on, but they grab and hold on to your heart, NOT your arm" (“Quotes About Pit Bulls”). When you own pitbulls you need to have a nice sized backyard with a sturdy fence like wood, or metal fence. You need to know what your dog can deal with and can not deal with. You also need to know how much of something or someone your dog can handle or can not handle any part of the problem. You need to train your dog on how to handle something and someone that they are not use to but also getting them use to your family and friends. Even though,many people believe pitbulls have a negative affect on society,however they are loving,used for protection,and animals learn violence from humans. Pitbulls are very loving...
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...sociologist and a physiologist whom established the groundwork for behaviorism, particularly in America. In addition, this paper also explains the main components of behaviorism, which are classical conditioning and operant conditioning, connectionism, and the contiguity theory. It moves forward to explain four experiments that are popular through the study of behaviorism: the reason behind conditioned salivation in Ivan Pavlov’s dogs, conditioned responses in humans through Watson’s little Albert experiment, Thorndike’s research with cats and a puzzle box to demonstrate the law of effect through the use of reinforcements, and B.F. Skinner’s experiment with rats to prove how an organism learns through operant conditioning. Finally, this paper examines how, according to behaviorists, there are three principles of learning new and intricate behaviors, known as shaping, chaining, and fading. Behaviorism and Its Effect on the Understanding of Learning Behaviorism suggests that an organism learns from its environment. It is the result of the association between a stimulus and a response. An organism learns new behavior through classical or operant conditioning. It is a theory that does not base its ideals on emotions or prior knowledge. Some say behaviorism came about accidentally, specifically within the works of Ivan Pavlov and his experiment with dogs. Watson, known as the father of behaviorism, used Pavlov’s experiment as an opportunity to launch this theory forward. After Watson...
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...There are different kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People can adjust the way they learn to the different situations in which they are learning and what they have to learn. One form of learning is known as conditioning. Conditioning emphasizes the relationship between stimuli and responses. The two types of conditioning found are Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. Learning may occur in different ways. Classical Conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously a neutral stimulus (Franzoi, 2010). However, reflexes must be manipulated. The term "unconditioned" simply means that the stimulus and the response are naturally connected and produces an emotional response already present before changes have been made (Franzoi, 2010). Operant conditioning is a learning method in which behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals with more cognitive thought process. There are two types of reinforcements: positive reinforcements and negative reinforcements. There are four components of classical conditioning. They are unconditional stimulus – stimulus that naturally elicit the target response (the meat powder in Pavlov’s experiment); conditioned stimulus – stimulus that comes to elicit the target response (the tone in Pavlov’s experiment); unconditioned response – occurs as a result of the unconditioned stimulus...
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...Unit 3 Title: The Dog of Pompeii Suggested Time: 7 days (45 minutes per day) Common Core ELA Standards: RL.6.1, RL.6.2, RL.6.3, RL.6.4, RL.6.9; W.6.2, W.6.4, W.6.9; SL.6.1; L.6.1, L.6.2, L.6.4, L.6.5 Teacher Instructions. Preparing for Teaching 1. Read the Big Ideas and Key Understandings and the Synopsis. Please do not read this to the students. This is a description for teachers about the big ideas and key understanding that students should take away after completing this task. Big Ideas and Key Understandings Companionship demonstrates great loyalty and risk for a true friend. Synopsis The Dog of Pompeii centers on a blind boy, Tito, and his dog, Bimbo, his life-long devoted companion during A.D. 79 in the city of Pompeii. Bimbo is crucial to Tito’s survival because he brings him along the city, provides food for him, and keeps him safe from harm. During the course of the story, a volcano erupts and causes mass panic and death. Bimbo risks and loses his life to save his beloved companion. 2. Read the entire selection, keeping in mind the Big Ideas and Key Understandings. 3. Re-read the text while noting the stopping points for the Text Dependent Questions and teaching Tier II/academic vocabulary. During Teaching 1. Students read the entire selection independently. 2. Teacher reads the text aloud while students follow along or students take turns reading aloud to each other. Depending on the text length and student need, the teacher...
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...WA 98043 _________________________ _________________________ 425-293-6575 _________________________ I. What sort of background in dogs and/or other animals do you have? You may include information on your own pets, knowledge from classes and/or personal reading, etc.(Remember AOCB does not require any previous training experience in order to enter the Apprentice Program.) __________________________________________________________ Firstly, I have always had a dog since I could remember and I would not have it any other way! Currently __________________________________________________________ I have a German Shepherd that I am training and a Chihuahua that likes to pretend she is untrainable. __________________________________________________________ My dog training experience comes from 5 years as a military working dog handler in the United States __________________________________________________________ narcotic Navy. I personally trained 4 separate dogs, 1 Lab, 1 GSD, and 2 Belgian Malinois in explosive detection, __________________________________________________________ detection, patrol work, and advanced obedience. I became the lead trainer for my Kennel of 24 dogs for __________________________________________________________ a year and a half before I became lead trainer at my next command. During my time, I got one of my dogs, __________________________________________________________ handler Cherry, to the highest certification attainable for patrol work and...
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...society. A feral child can often lead to the child having little to no understanding of human language, human care/emotions or social behaviour. In the case of Oxana, her parents were alcoholics who were hardly able to take care of themselves, let alone an infant. Oxana, only three years old, sought refuge in the dog house in the garden; and she lay down with the dogs. Oxana remained with the dogs for 5 years, and was even fed raw meat and scraps left by her parents. After these 5 years, Oxana was imitating the behaviour of a dog: she was barking, clawing, whining when hurt, growling when feeling threatened and panting. In the following document, I will be discussing under which circumstances Oxana become this way, and the effects of primary and secondary socialisation had on Oxana. What were the primary socialisation effects on her health and well-being? When we are raised by our parents, we naturally replicate the behaviour of our parents; and primary socialisation is especially important because it serves as the groundwork for a child's future development and socialisation. However, as Oxana was raised largely by dogs, she replicated this behaviour. How does this impact Physical Development? Due to Oxana’s environment, it has caused Oxana to become physically underdeveloped. This is because of a multitude of factors. For example; the food she was eating. When we are young, we are fed food by our parents that contain the right amount of nutrients and proteins that...
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...(American Psychiatric Association, 2012). Sally, who has a dog phobia since she was in second grade because of a negative experience has anxiety when she meets someone and is asked to go to a new place where she does not know if there is a dog present or not. To explain Sally’s phobia and how it was developed theories are used on how or why she developed the fear of dogs. Phobias can be explained by classical conditions, operant conditioning, and observational learning. Overcoming phobias can be done with extinction and cognitive theory. Phobias Are Created Sally seems to have had a negative experience with dogs at a young age. She could have had an operant conditioning. Operant conditioning could have occurred if there was a negative reinforcer for a behavior she did. Maybe her parents punished her with a negative punishment that included dogs. If Sally is scared of dogs it could be a classical conditioning. Her parents or someone she was close to may have told her that dogs are mean and that she needed to be afraid of dogs. She could have created this phobia from others telling her that she needed to stay away from dogs because they could bite her. Another method that Sally could have created the phobia was from observing others that she was close to. Her parents could have been scared of dogs, and they too avoided places where dogs were until she was in second grade is when she saw the model be terrified of dogs. Learned behavior Humans and animals have a neutral...
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...Organizational behavior is a study that learn about human behavior especially in the work environment to learn how that behavior have their impact within the organization for the goodness of the organization itself. In learning those behaviors, there are three type of theory that can be used in studying human behavior. They are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. All of them are theories that learn and study how, why and when human behavior is made. Each of these theories has their own characteristic that differ one to another. Classical conditioning is the first type of learning theory that learn human behavior by giving neutral stimuli before the expected respond. This type of conditioning is used to learn simple and ordinary behavior by the association of two neutral stimuli. The real example of these classical conditioning is a dog that connect the bell ringing with the food given to create a respond which is producing saliva. When the bell ringing(conditioned stimulus) is followed with the food given (unconditioned stimulus), the dog will make such a respond in producing saliva. When the unconditioned stimulus is omitted, the bell ringing without the food given will still create the same respond which is the dog producing saliva. The dog behavior in producing saliva happens as the same respond by relating the bell ringing with the food given. In this classical conditioning we can study simple behavior created after neutral stimuli given. The...
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...* Psychology is a relatively new scientific discipline * Was once known as an experimental philosophy * Descartes introduced idea that the brain is not the same as the mind, mind and body are separate entities * John Locke’s concept of empiricism shows that knowledge is derived from sensory experience (senses) * Can be studied using the scientific method Wundt and Introspection: Evaluation: Key behaviourist psychologists: Pavlov & Watson * Unreliable method of investigation * Different participants provide different introspective reports about same stimulus. * Trained in introspection not very useful * Pavlov got reliable, reproducible results in experiments on animals and can be generalised to humans * Can’t study on children and animals due to limited vocab and can’t express feelings properly. * Animal thoughts can’t be studied * Learning, development, mental disorders & personality can’t investigate through introspection – questions validity of using introspection as a method for investigating human behaviour because it’s subjective (only his/her can report mental processes * For Watson, only way to make psychology a science is to emulate natural science and adopt its own objective methods * Psychologists often use it alongside other scientific methods to investigate. Key behaviourist psychologists: Pavlov & Watson * Unreliable method of investigation ...
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...Vygotsky`s Sociocultural Theory Lev Vygotsky is often called the "Mozart of psychology." Similar to the famous composer, Vygotsky applied his genius early in life to many different areas. And like Mozart, Vygotsky died young, at age 37, after a battle with tuberculosis. Born in 1896 in Belorussia, he began his career as an educator and a psychologist at the time of the 1917 Russian revolution. After moving to Moscow in 1924, Vygotsky set out to create what he hoped would become a new way to understand and solve the social and educational problems of his time. At the core of Vygotsky's theory, called the Sociocultural Theory, is the idea that child development is the result of the interactions between children and their social environment. These interactions include those with parents and teachers, playmates and classmates, and brothers and sisters. They also involve relationships with significant objects, such as books or toys, and culturally specific practices that children engage in the classroom, at home, and on the playground. Children are active partners in these interactions, constructing knowledge, skills, and attitudes and not just mirroring the world around them. Vygotsky opposed the psychologists who believed that children's development occurs spontaneously and cannot be affected by education. He also differed with those who claimed that teaching had the power to alter development at any time regardless of the child's age or capacities. Instead, Vygotsky felt...
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...Let's call the old dog generation X, targeting the adults of the 1960's. Now, as I see it, the world around the dog keeps revolving as new toys arrive, dog food gives better nutrition and food bowls get new styles. If the dog chooses to stick with his old kibble, bowl and toys, what will happen? The toys will break, the bowls will get worn and start leaking, plus it's old food won't give it the energy it used to, because his body will start aging and it'll need more care diet-wise. Although, I'm not saying a pup can't learn old tricks, because somehow it will need to know how to do something, so the old dog can show it where to defecate, eat, sleep, and how to act, basic dog...
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...Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a type of learning which can explain how we develop fears, phobias and other emotional reactions, and food aversions. Ian Pavlov (1849 – 1936) was the first to study it formally. Pavlov was studying dogs digestive processes. Dogs automatically salivate when food arrives in their mouths, but after being in the experimental situation for a while, they would salivate in anticipation of the food arriving, as if they had learned to recognise the signs that the food was on its way. Pavlov took control of these signs and showed that dogs could be trained to salivate to bells, lights, and cardboard shapes instead of food. The classical conditioning process works like this: There must first of all be an innate reflex action, an automatic involuntary response to a stimulus. E.g. blinking, salivation, startle, these are the areas that are under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Such reflexes consist of an unconditional stimulus (UCS) which brings about an unconditional response.(UCR) The experimenter presents a neutral stimulus just before or along with the UCS. The new stimulus is called a conditioned stimulus (CS), Conditional means dependent upon learning. The UCR occurs as before. After several pairings of the CS and UCS the CS alone will be enough to bring about the UCR. The animal now has a new conditioned reflex. The model gives us an explanation for all kinds of learned behaviour. Watson and Rayner (1920) classically...
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...be operant conditioned into existence? Some scientists believe that it can, but then the question is what is operant and classical conditioning? Also what is extinction mean and how is it achieved in both conditions? These are the topics I will be answer and I will also be giving examples to each phobia and addiction that can happen through classical and operant conditioning. Classical Conditioning “Classical conditioning is when an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). For example Ivan Pavlov experiment with dogs. He did a study based on dogs and conditioning them to salivate by hearing a bell or a fork being pinged. Basically he would give dogs food after the bell rang. So after a couple tries he would then noticed that the dogs would salivate even without food present if they heard the bell. Another example of classical conditioning was John Watson and Rosalie Rayner experiment in 1920. Their experiment consisted of a little Albert who was a baby and a well lite photo darkroom. Though the experiment was unethical Watson and his colleague wanted to test to see if they could get a well-adjusted, happy baby to fear something through conditioning them. So Watson had a white rat, a rabbit, a fur coat, a dog, and a...
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...the person learns. They state that human behaviour is a result from what they experience. There are six psychological approaches to health practice which are behavioural approach, cognitive approach, biological approach, social learning theory, humanistic approach and psychodynamic approach The behavioural approach teaches that all behaviour (normal and abnormal) is learnt and all behaviour can be unlearnt. The key idea of the behaviourist perspective is that we can understand any type of behaviour by looking at what the person has learned. This will include personality traits such as shyness, confidence, optimism or pessimism. Behaviourist psychologists explain all human behaviour as resulting from experience. For example if someone has a fear of cats, they have experienced a cat being aggressive towards them. Also the behavioural approach is developed by nurture because all behaviour are learnt from their environment. Two key thinkers associated with this perspective are Pavlov (classical conditioning) and Skinner (operant conditioning). These theories both explain that all type of behaviour are learnt- shyness to aggression, from happiness to depression. Classical conditioning is when you associate one thing with another. Pavlov did an experiment with dogs- every time the assistant entered the room with a bowl of food, the dog begun to salivate- Pavlov speculated that the dog was salivating...
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...trial to resolve the messy dog custody dispute. * Papadopoulos believes his can get back his dog by himself. * Papadopoulos is a lonely man on a disability; his dog likes his best friend even more like his son, so Pluto is really important to him. * Papadopoulos had to go home to deal with his mother’s estate in last October, so he given a man money and asked this man to help him to take care with Pluto. * The man said lies that he is Pluto’s master, and then he had singed over Pluto to the Toronto Humane Society. * Papadopoulos discovered that his dog had been sold by the humane society, and then he began to learn law, he was working hard. * When Papadopoulos swore, he still would think about Pluto. He believes that he must have some magic relationship between him and Pluto and he thought Pluto is really important for his whole life. * Papadopoulos is suing the humane society. * The humane society says it acted in good faith, they have rules and they must walk the chalks. * In court, the end of judgment is the dog should be returned to Papadopoulos. * Pluto’s new owner think about that Tustin would not be well treated. Because he doesn’t think Tustin’s new master is a good owner. * Although, Tustin’s lawyer s paid money for by the humane society, he still believes that Papadopoulos abandoned his dog and the humane society saved its life. * Papadopoulos doesn’t want a new dog, he not willing abandoned his old dog, and he said Pluto like his...
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