...Participant Observation Research 1. Participant observation is one type of data collection method typically done in the qualitative research paradigm. It is a widely used methodology in many disciplines, particularly cultural anthropology, less so in sociology, communication studies, human geography and social psychology. Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, sub cultural group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually over an extended period of time. The method originated in the field research of social anthropologists, especially Bronisław Malinowski in Britain, the students of Franz Boas in the United States, and in the later urban research of the Chicago School of sociology. 2. Direct observation, also known as observational study, is a method of collecting evaluative information in which the evaluator watches the subject in his or her usual environment without altering that environment. Direct observation is used when other data collection procedures, such as surveys, questionnaires, etc., are not effective; when the goal is to evaluate an ongoing behavior process, event, or situation; or when there are physical outcomes that can be readily seen. Direct observation can be overt, when the subject and individuals in the environment know the purpose of the observation, or covert, when the subject and individuals...
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...Marketing DeMystified A Self-Teaching Guide Donna Anselmo New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-173718-0 MHID: 0-07-173718-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-171391-7, MHID: 0-07-171391-3. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that neither the author nor the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal,...
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...COMMUNICATION: ADVERTISING COMPENDIUM (C.A.C.) CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION TO ADVERTISING CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss the elements of effective advertising. 2. Define advertising and identify its types and roles. 3. Identify the five players in the advertising world. 4. Explain the evolution of the advertising industry and the current issues it faces. CHAPTER REVIEW Effectiveness is at the heart of companies’ desire to advertise. Though advertising ultimately aids in the sale of products or services, other factors such as price or lack of distribution may influence purchase decisions. Advertising effectiveness tends to be measured in terms of communication impact such as exposure to a message, awareness of a product, attention, and involvement. Most responses can be categorized as perception (seeing), learning (thinking), persuasion (feeling), or behavior (doing). Effective advertising stems from a combination of carefully planned strategy that connects to audience members on an emotional level and that isolates a need the product fulfills, creative that delivers the strategy, and strong, arresting executions. Six components comprise the classic definition of advertising. Advertising is a paid nonpersonal communication from an identified sponsor using mass media to persuade or influence an audience. Advertising can be classified into one of nine types. National consumer or brand advertising focuses on building long-term brand identity...
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...Preference and Its Antecedents: A Case of Footwear Products By: Getaneh Zelalem Advisor: Getie Andualem (PhD) A Research Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of Master of Marketing Management Addis Ababa University School of Commerce Post Graduate Program Department of Marketing Management January, 2012 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Brand Preference And Its Antecedents Brand Preference and Its Antecedents: A Case of Footwear Products By: Getaneh Zelalem Approved by Board of Examiners ____________________________ Name ____________________________ Name ____________________________ Name _______________ Signature ______________ Signature _____________ Signature Brand Preference And Its Antecedents Statement of Certification This is to certify that Getaneh Zelalem Emiru has carried out his research work on the topic entitled Brand Preference and Its Antecedents. The work is original in nature and is suitable for submission for the award of Masters Degree in Marketing Management. ________________ Advisor: Dr. Getie Andualem Date: ____________________ Brand Preference And Its Antecedents Statement of Declaration I hereby declare that Brand Preference and Its Antecedents project is wholly the work of Getaneh Zelalem. I have carried out the present study independently with the guidance and support of the research advisor, Dr. Getie Andualem. Also any other contributors or sources have either been referenced in the prescribed...
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...has developed a set of guidebooks to strengthen public understanding on the concepts of Equal Pay for Equal Work (EPEW) and Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value (EPEV), for the purpose of eliminating pay discrimination on the ground of gender. These guidebooks are: Main Guide Guide to Employers on Equal Pay between Men & Women under the Sex Discrimination Ordinance An Illustration on Developing an Analytical Job Evaluation System Free of Sex Bias A Systematic Approach to Pay Determination Free of Sex Bias Supplementary Book 1 Supplementary Book 2 Supplementary Book 3 Equal Pay Self-Audit Kit: A Proactive Approach for Employers to Achieve Equal Pay An Easy Read Guide is also available as a quick reference for all users including employers of small business and employees in general. The publications are available at the EOC website. Should you require clarifications on these publications or obtain the hard copies, please contact the Equal Opportunities Commission. Enquiries Fax Email Website : 2511-8211 : 2511-8142 : eoc@eoc.org.hk : www.eoc.org.hk AN ILLUSTRATION ON DEVELOPING AN ANALYTICAL JOB EVALUATION SYSTEM FREE OF SEX BIAS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Analytical Job Evaluation Selection of Factors for Job Comparison Defining Factor Levels Developing a Scoring System Job Evaluation Template Part 5 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Introducing a Gender-neutral Job Evaluation System Job Description Template Sample Factor Level...
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...Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3 1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND: 3 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RATIONALES 4 2.1 problem statement: 4 2.2 rationales: 5 3. AIMS AND PURPOSE: 6 4. SCOPE 6 5. SIGNIFICANCES AND IMPLICATIONS 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 1. MARKETING MIX 7 2. PROMOTION 11 2.1. The relationship between promotion and marketing mix 11 2.2. The role of promotion 12 2.3. Promotion mix 13 2.4. Promotion management 14 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 16 1. RESEARCH PROCESS: 18 2. DETERMINING THE CONCEPT OF RESEARCH: LITERATURE REVIEW 18 a) Quantitative method 19 b) Qualitative method 20 c) Research design 21 CHAPTER 4: VIETNAM WEDDING PLANNER AND ITS “WEDDING DÉCOR” SERVICE. 22 I. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY 22 II. WEDDING DÉCOR SERVICE MARKET 29 III. POTENTIAL COMPETITORS 37 CHAPTER 5: RESULT OF STUDY 38 I. MAIN FINDING FROM QUESTIONAIRS GIVEN TO CUSTOMERS 38 1. Sample demographics 38 2. Customer awareness towards “wedding décor” service 40 3. Customers’ opinion 43 II. MAIN FINDING FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW 47 1. Advertising 47 2. Sale promotion: 48 3. Public relation: 49 CHAPTER 6: SUGGESTION 50 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: 50 III. THE RESULT OF ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT MARKETING SITUATION: 50 a. Strengths: 50 b. Weaknesses: 51 c. Opportunities: 51 d. Threats: 51 IV. PROMOTION PLAN 52 V. LIMITATION OF THE THESIS 55 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 56 CHAPTER 8: BIBLIOGRAPHY 56 TOPIC: Developing...
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...and Dotson, 2002; Fill, 2001; Low, 2000; Hutton, 1996). This in turn left marketers in a challenging and competitive environment, trying to fulfil customers wants and needs while also developing long-term relationships with them. IMC can help in creating coordinated and consistent messages across various channels of communication. Furthermore, the concept is especially valuable in that it places great emphasis on the importance of all stakeholder groups and, in particular, on customer loyalty, which can only be created through strategic relationship building (Jin, 2003/2004; Cornelissen, 2000; Eagle and Kitchen, 2000; Pickton and Hartley, 1998; Miller and Rose, 1994). To date, academic research on IMC has been limited. The majority of empirical research has been conducted with advertising and PR agencies or companies located in the United States with a clear tendency toward quantitative methodologies (Jin, 2003/2004; Peltier, Schibrowsky, and Schultz, 2003; Kitchen and Schultz, 1999; Beard, 1996; Miller and Rose, 1994). Very few studies have concentrated on the...
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...Paper delivered at the 9th International Public Relations Research Symposium, held at Lake Bled from 4-7 July, 2002 Benita Steyn APR Lecturer Dept of Marketing and Communication Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA 0002 (27 12) 420-4040 w (27 12) 362-5085 fax bsteyn@hakuna.up.ac.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGY STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLICS 1 1 1 1 2 2 3. APPROACHES TO THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN SOCIETY AS A METATHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 THE SHAREHOLDER APPROACH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/ETHICAL APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE APPROACH THE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH THE ISSUES APPROACH THE ‘CORPORATE COMMUNITY’ APPROACH CONCLUSION 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 4. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 4.1 STRATEGY AS THE MAJOR CONCEPT 4.2 THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3 THE LEVELS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3.1 Enterprise strategy 4.3.2 Corporate strategy 4.3.3 Business-unit strategy 4.3.4 Functional strategy 4.3.5 Operational strategy 4.3.6 Conclusion 4.4 THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.4.1 Environmental analysis 4.4.2 Goal formulation 4.4.3 Strategic thinking and strategy formulation 4.4.4 Strategic planning, implementation and control 4.4.5 Conclusion...
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...handbook assists with the updating and development of staff involved in the Organisation, Planning and Implementation of Events. Authors: Asta Beloviene is a Dean of Business Faculty has great experience in management of education process, communication between different levels of training and social partners. Remigijus Kinderis is a Lecturer of Tourism Administration Department, Director of the hotel “Pajuris “ in Klaipeda, author of various tourism feasibility studies and projects. Phil Williamson (FHEA, MSc Events, Cert Ed, DMS, BA) is a Senior Lecturer in Events Management. 12 years experience of delivering to undergraduate, postgraduate, industry. Phil’s practitioner experience was with leading UK commercial event organisations. Tilcho Ivanov (Prof. Dr is a Professor in Branch Economics and Management and Economic Analysis at the University of National and World Economy and Varna Free University “Chernorizets Hrabar”. He has more than 30 years of experience in different economic sectors. Carmen Anton Ortin is part of the staff of Fundación Universidad Empresa Region of Murcia (FUERM). She is graduated in Marketing, public relations in companies and international commerce. 12 years professional experience in event management and planning. 2 3 Content Introduction Chapter 1. Events Planning Models 1.1 Event Definition 1.2 Event Models and the Management of the Events Process 1.3 Key...
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...HRM Objectives of HRM Functions of HRM Role of HRM HRM in the New Millennium Summary Self Assessment Questions Reference Books 1.0 Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: 1.1 Understand the basic concepts of human resource management (HRM). Explain what human resource management is and how it relates to the management process. Provide an overview of functions of HRM. Describe how the major roles of HR management are being transformed. Explain the role of HRM in the present millennium. Introduction Human beings are social beings and hardly ever live and work in isolation. We always plan, develop and manage our relations both consciously and unconsciously. The relations are the outcome of our actions and depend to a great extent upon our ability to manage our actions. From childhood each and every individual acquire knowledge and experience on understanding others and how to behave in each and every situations in life. Later we carry forward this learning and understanding in carrying and managing relations at our workplace. The whole context of Human Resource Management revolves around this core matter of managing relations at work place. Since mid 1980’s Human Resource Management (HRM) has gained acceptance in both academic and commercial circle. HRM is a multidisciplinary organizational function that draws theories and ideas from various fields such as management, psychology, sociology and economics. There...
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...[pic] Student Guide for Performance Based Service Acquisition And The Seven Step Process (ACQ 265) Nov 2009 Table of Contents UNIT 1 Introduction UNIT 2 Form the Team, Review Current Strategy, Market Research Step 1: Form the Team Step 2: Review the Current Strategy Step 3: Market Research UNIT 3 An Industry Perspective: Approaching an Acquisition UNIT 4 Requirements Definition Step 4: Requirements Definition UNIT 5 Develop your Sourcing Strategy Step 5: Sourcing Strategy UNIT 6 Execute the Strategy Step 6: Execute the Strategy UNIT 7 Performance Management Step 7: Manage Performance Appendices I Acronym List II Glossary | | | |Course Title |Performance Based Service Acquisition (ACQ 265) | | | | | | | |Lesson Title | Course Introduction | | ...
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...and Supply; Transaction; Major Marketing Management Philosophy; Social Marketing Marketing Environment - Internal & External Marketing Environment Forces; Macro Environment; Micro and Internal Environment; Factors Influencing Consumer Buyer Behavior; Buyer Decision Process; Inputs for Buying Decision Process; Consumer Trends; Market Segmentation Process. Developing Market Strategies and the Offerings Part –I Positioning and Differentiation: Concept, Positioning according to Ries and Trout, Various Tools of Differentiation; Product Decisions and Strategies; Product Mix; Product Life Cycle; Brand Positioning; Brand Identity; Equity and Packaging. Developing Market Strategies and the Offerings - Part II: Introduction to Service Marketing; Differentiating Services; Product and Service Price; Response to Change in Price; Pricing Strategies. Delivering Marketing Programs – Part I Marketing through Channel Partners; Wholesalers and Retailers: Current Trend; Channel Management. Delivering Marketing Programs – Part II Market Communication, Process for Effective Communication; Advertising; Different Advertising Media; Sales Promotion; Public Relations; Direct Marketing; Personal Selling: Concepts and Process; Management of Sales Force Suggested Reading: 1. Marketing Management by Kotler Philip; Publisher: Prentice-Hall of India 2. Marketing Management by Ramaswamy V S and Namakumari; Publisher: S Macmillan India Ltd. 3. Marketing Management by Saxena Rajan; Publisher:...
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...Contract Planning The Acquisition Environment The acquisition environment is influenced by each organization's mission support strategy, successful customer relationships, and core principles of decision making. This lesson provides you with an opportunity to guide your actions and to research and develop a strategy so you can recognize when your efforts support the mission. In this lesson, you will cite key components of successful customer relationships and describe how your office achieves success through the key relationship criteria it exhibits and apply these key components by choosing appropriate methods of dealing with your customers in a practice scenario. This lesson will help you build a foundation for good decision making based on the core principles of power and responsibility and give an opportunity to apply the Seven-step Path to Better Decisions in a practice scenario. Mission Support Strategy The mission support strategy is a systematic plan of action that aligns the organization's activities with its mission and objectives. The Terminal Learning Objective is: Given a customer need, reinforce areas of mutual interest within an acquisition environment (requiring activity, contractor, contracting office, others). The Enabling Learning Objectives are: * Apply the factors in development of your mission support strategy. * Apply the key characteristics for successful customer relationships. * Apply the Seven-step Path to Better Decisions...
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...ESSENTIALS OF MARKETING THIRD EDITION JIM BLYTHE Essentials of Marketing ii Marketing Planning: principles in practice We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in marketing, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Last A Head on Spread 000 Jim Blythe University of Glamorgan Essentials of Marketing Third Edition Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published under the Financial Times Pitman Publishing imprint 1998 Second edition 2001 Third edition 2005 © Financial Times Professional Limited 1998 © Pearson Education Limited 2001, 2005 The right of Jim Blythe to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written...
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... Consumer Behaviour: Meaning and importance – Consumer buying process – Determinants and theories of consumer behaviour – Psychological, sociological determinants – Theories and their relevance to marketing. Marketing Research: Meaning – Objectives – Procedure. UNIT 3 Product Mix Management: Product planning and development – Meaning and process – Test marketing – Product failures – Product life cycles – Meaning and Stages – Strategies – Meaning PLC. Product-Market Integration: Strategies – Product positioning – Diversification – Product line simplification –Planned obsolescence – Branding Policies and Strategies – Packing. UNIT 4 Price Mix Management: Pricing and pricing policies – Objectives – Procedures – Methods of price fixing – Administered and regulated prices – Pricing and product life cycle – Government control of pricing. UNIT 5 Physical Distribution Mix: Distribution channel policy – Choice of channel – Channel management – Conflict and cooperation in channels – Middlemen functions. UNIT 6 Promotional Mix: Personal selling vs impersonal selling – Personal selling – Process – Steps in selling – Management of sales force – Recruitment and selection – Training – Compensation plans – Evaluation of performance – Advertising – Importance – Objectives – Media planning and selection – Factors influencing selection – Advertisement copy – Layout – Evaluation of advertising –...
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