... 2 hours IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME PROGRAMME DU DIPLÔME DU BI PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI M06/3/ECONO/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX 22065103 ECONOMICS HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 Tuesday 9 May 2006 (morning) INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer three questions. Use fully labelled diagrams and real-world examples where appropriate. 2206-5103 11 pages –2– Answer three questions. Each question is worth [20 marks]. 1. Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. M06/3/ECONO/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX Drug companies bring hope for HIV/AIDS sufferers “Industry puts the average cost of developing a new drug at around US$800 million. Were it not for a patent system that rewards companies for risking millions on research, anti-HIV/AIDS drugs would not exist”, said World Trade Organization’s (WTO) director general, Mike Moore. 95 % of individuals worldwide who are infected with the HIV/AIDS virus live in poor countries, with almost no access to life-prolonging treatment because of barriers such as the high cost of drugs. One possible solution to the high cost of drugs seems to be through differential pricing schemes that charge poor countries less than the rich. This form of legal price discrimination is already used for vaccines and contraceptives, with prices as low as 1 % of those in the USA. Major pharmaceutical companies have recently promised to cut prices to cost levels in Africa. The aim is to cut the...
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...Assignment 2--- White Collar Crime Theories, Law, and Processes Lucas McPherson Professor Dr. Matthew Miko LEG 200 – White Collar Crime in Government, Business, and Labor December 21, 2011. 1. Explain white collar crime in terms of various theories related to criminology and crime. There are several basic theories in which white collar crime can be explained relating to criminology and crime. We must look at several concepts and behaviors and take certain metaphysical, ontological, and epistemological assumption about the ultimate nature of reality and being into consideration. Example, is reality subjective or objective? Is causation simply a human construct, or is it something that can be definitively and objectively established? The latter were two questions to approach some explanation of the theories of white collar crime and the criminological concept of the offenders in this sector. There are the sociological, biogenetic, psychological, and sociogenic explanation to white collar criminology and crime. The most basic theory of criminality states that criminals are different in some fundamental way from non-criminals. Then the nature of the difference must be identified. On a Sociological level the propensity to commit crimes, is shown to vary among various segments of the population or among different organization. The biogenetic explanation of criminality became especially influential in the nineteenth century. This states that criminals...
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...concerning our government, making it the center of discussions among different age and ethnicity groups. Some of these conspiracies include the Kennedy assassination, and even the death of Princess Diana. These stories have gained attention worldwide and to this day we still hear about them. One conspiracy that is becoming to surface quite rapidly is the existence of the Illuminati. The infamous Illuminati secret society has remained one of the conspiracy theories for hundreds of years, but still there are many people that have not heard of it. “They have been called the puppet masters who secretly pull the strings of the world’s events from elections to revolutions and from business monopolies to stock market crashes” (Dice 1). Many researchers and some of the general public have several suspicions that somehow, somewhere, a secret plan is constantly lucking behind the scenes. The word Illuminati derives from the Latin word Illumine, which means, “To be enlightened.” The members from this secret society feel that they are superior and have a higher level of intellect. Their basic goal is to create a one-world government, which can also be known as “New World Order.” These masterminds have been achieving this through the media and money system. They have the means to control the media because they come from the richest families all around the world. As The Lox says, “first you get the money, then you get the power.” The members of the Illuminati have the money and the power to control...
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...extent on the rules of right conduct that we employ in everyday life. However, business activity also has some features that might limit the applicability of our ordinary ethical views. One distinguishing feature of business is its economic character which can be summarized as the conduct of buyers and seller and employers and employees. A second distinguishing feature of business is that it typically takes place in organizations which is a hierarchical system of functionally defined positions designed to achieve some goal or set of goals. Because business involves economic relations and transactions that take place in markets and also in organizations, it raises ethical issues for which the ethics of everyday life has not prepared us. Decisions making occurs on several distinct levels: the level of the individual, the organization, and the business system. The level of the individual represents situations that confront them in the workplace and require them to make a decision about their own well-being. The level of the organization can be identified as a decision which must be made by an individual acting on behalf of the organization bringing about some organizational change. The level of the business system can be summarized as a decision which can be made by neither an individual nor a single organization; rather, it is a decision which is agreed to industry wide. Identification of the appropriate level for a decision has been...
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...Week Four Make-up. Define, comment upon, and give examples from your eBook Chapter 6 1. APA for agencies: requires agencies to follow certain uniform procedures in making rules. arbitrary and capricious – this is the standard for challenging and agency action, an abuse of discretion or in violation of some other law. It requires the agency to show evidence to support the proposed rule, without the evidence the rule can be called arbitrary and capricious. – this can be set aside ultra vires- beyond it’s power, one that goes beyond the authority given to the agency in its enabling act substantial evidence test – the rule requires that more convincing evidence exists in support of the regulation than against it unconstitutional- pg 199 public comments period. Pg 190 -One of the purposes for publishing proposed rules is to allow the public an opportunity to review and provide input on the proposed rules. The period during which the agency accepts comments on the rule standing equal protection violation of 24th Amendment unlawful poll tax violation of the 14th Amendment discrimination First Amendment. 2. Unauthorized appropriation is a privacy tort – using someone's name, likeness, or voice for commercial advantage without his or her permission. The Midler case specifically used the California law of appropriation to decide the case. In order to sue for palming off, the owners would need to show that the product would create consumer confusion. On...
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...Student’s Guide to Freakonomics! The purpose of this guide is to help you better understand the analyses presented in Freakonomics by providing a sort of “bridge” between the material covered in a traditional course in economic principles and topics addressed in what we consider to be one of the most fascinating books we’ve encountered in economics literature. Many students view economics as a very difficult, if not impossible, course to master.This perception is, however, most likely based on observations of the experiences of other students who did not apply the proper approach to learning economics. In many courses, simple memorization is enough. In economics, we would argue, this is not the case.While you need to understand the meaning of basic terms and concepts, you also need to be able to apply economic concepts in specific situations. In other words, you need to develop the ability to think like an economist.The authors of Freakonomics certainly show the reader how to do just that.The material presented here is intended to make the job a little easier. Organization of the Student’s Guide We organized the material in this guide to help you identify the key points in each chapter and check to ensure that you have a firm grasp of the key concepts presented in the book.The first section of each chapter in this guide consists of an overview that highlights the major topics and points presented in the book.The overview is designed to alert you to the major topics and is not intended...
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...to bullying tactics such as threats.These bullies can take away the self-confidence of their victim and sometimes render them brain washed into believing they will never make a go of it on their own or they are ugly, fat, that the opposite sex wouldn't want them; they are stupid because they may have not got high enough marks in school, or in the elderly threatening to put the elderly person in a home if they do not do as the abuser's wishes. Mental and emotional abuse can be between couples in a relation, siblings, elderly abuse or abusing one's peers. Including emotional abuse, threats of harm or abandonment, deprivation of contact, humiliation, blaming, controlling, intimidation, harassment, verbal abuse, isolation or withdrawal from services or supportive networks. Financial abuse is a form of mistreatment and fraud in which someone controls another person's money or other assets. It can involve, for instance, stealing cash, not allowing a victim to take part in any financial decisions or preventing a victim from having a job. Including theft, fraud, exploitation, pressure in connection with wills, property or...
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...the paper and discuss its core findings * Explain and define the core concepts (study variables) * Describe the contribution of the study (take away message) * Explain the reasoning/processes underlying the core predictions / hypotheses Analyse the research strategy * How did the authors attempt to answer their research questions? * What are the advantages/disadvantages of these strategies? * Put the respective research into a broader context? * Connect the study to practice – what is the applied value? * What are the conditions under which the study’s results are valid? * How can you transfer the results to other situations/applications? For the exam: Make a summary for every paper and learn this summary * 1 page per article * Answer the points mentioned on the last slide * Try to explain the paper to a third party in easy words * Check the tables: you should be able to find and interpret the core findings You don’t need to be able to: * Remember or describe the concrete statistical analysis methods (But you have to understand the core findings!) * Remember every single detail from the research design (But you should memorize the rough research approach!) * Remember every single construct in the conceptual model of a theoretical paper (But you should memorize some of them to be able to make examples and you should be able to explain those constructs and connect them to the dependent...
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...MQCS Hamad AlAjmi - 1109504 MQCS Hamad AlAjmi - 1109504 VICTORIA’S SECRET VICTORIA’S SECRET Contents Business profile and interview 3 Interview With alshaya CS Officer 3 Victoria's Secret Business description 5 Type of Business 6 Location and Number of Employees 6 Ownership Structure 6 Product and Services 8 Levels of Customer Service 11 Customer Profile 12 External customers of Victoria’s Secret 13 Internal Customers 15 Satisfaction of Customers Five Needs 20 Appropriate Market Research 21 Best seller product 21 Product range information 22 Product information and specifications 23 Delivery, warranty and return or cancelation policy 24 Sample promotional materials 24 Management and Leadership qualities 26 Leadership qualities 26 Management skills 27 Position description of CS manager: 31 Types of customer service training 35 Schedule for training 37 Example of customer service training policies 38 Feedback from customers 42 Survey 43 Managing customer service reports 46 Conclusion 47 Referencing 48 Business profile and interview Interview With alshaya CS Officer 1. What is great customer service in your understanding? You should always smile and greet the customer with good morning sir / mam or which part of the day it is. After that the query should enter the system for any follow up or feedback. Always make sure the customer ends the call as satisfied as possible. 2. How would you handle an...
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...Statement of Ethics Statement of Ethics Table of contents Using the Statement of Ethics The 3 Basic Beliefs and Guiding Principles Introduction Who is Covered What Law Applies Associate Responsibilities Additional Responsibilities for Management Associates Discipline for Violations 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 Leading with Integrity in Our Marketplace Fair Competition Intentional Dishonesty Financial Integrity Insider Trading Restrictive Trade Practices 19 19 19 20 20 21 Leading with Integrity in Our Communities 22 Anti-Corruption Anti-Money Laundering Authority to Work Environmental Responsibility Health & Safety Protecting Personal & Business Information Government Contracts & Inquiries Political Involvement International Trade Media Statements 22 23 24 25 25 26 28 28 28 29 30 30 32 33 Raising Concerns & Speaking Up Ethics Opinions Waivers What happens How to Raise a Concern Leading with Integrity in Our Workplace 10 Alcohol & Drug Abuse 10 Harassment 11 Inappropriate Conduct 11 Non-Retaliation 12 Non-Discrimination 12 Wage and Hour 13 Conflict of Interest (COI) 14 COI – Financial Investments 14 COI – Personal Relationships with Suppliers 15 COI – Gifts & Entertainment 16 COI – Personal Relationships with Other Associates 17 Walmart Assets 18 Final Disclaimer Global Ethics Contact Information Ethics Committee Contact Information Index 2 A message from our Chief Executive Officer Mike Duke, CEO Dear friends, Walmart started out with a single...
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...Radical Behaviorism Rationale for the above choices: Sigmund Freud- Psychoanalytic theory: Freud explanation about the Structure of Personality and the psychosexual stages of development are a breakthrough in the history of Psychoanalysis. His contribution led to further Research in this field and many other personality theorists based his study and continued his theory. Even though what Carl Jung has proposed may sound contradictory to what Freud has proposed, each theory has its own significance and clearly explains various aspects of psychology. * Structure of Personality: * Id: Original core out of which the rest of the personality emerges. Stands for untamed passions. * Ego: Stands for reason and good sense * Super Ego: Is like a secret police department, unerringly detecting any trends of forbidden impulses, particularly of an aggressive kind, and punishing the individual inexorably if any are present. * Freud’s theory also clearly explains the concepts like Anxiety, Anna Freud and the Defense Mechanisms, Repression, Denial, Rationalization, Reaction formation, Projection, Isolation, Regression, Sublimation. * ------------------------------------------------- His contribution on Dreams and DreamWorks is also of considerable significance. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Carl Gustav Jung- Analytic Psychology: * Major...
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...THE TRADE UNIONS IN UK INTRODUCTION Historically, trade unions in the United Kingdom have been viewed as: (1) collective employee organisations established to protect employees from arbitrary actions by employers in matters of pay and working conditions, and (2) as promoters of the legitimate interests of people at work. In practice, they have also played an important role in the political life of the nation, and, to a lesser extent, in its social affairs. The ability of trade unions to exercise power and influence over users of their service depends on the relative demand for that service. Thus, when demands for skilled labour in the economy are high trade unions are in a relatively powerful position to negotiate a high price for the use of labour. They are also able in such circumstances to employ a wide range of sanctions against employers (and even governments). When demand for labour is slack and unemployment begins to rise, trade union power to influence events becomes more limited. In Britain the boom period for trade unions was during the 1970s when membership reached a peak of 13.2 million (1979). At that time the demand for labour was high, many skills where in short supply and there were few legal controls over collective action by unions. By 1990 the situation had changed dramatically with a deep recession, record levels of unemployment, changes In working practices brought about by new technology and last but not least, a substantial framework of labour legislation...
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...Introduction to International Business Course project: Barriers for franchise business in Kazakhstan Prepared by Shynar Galiyeva 2013 Introduction Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world, sharing its borders with Russia, China, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan. Astana is the capital and Almaty is the largest city and considered to be a financial center of the country. The population of Kazakhstan is about, 16 million, which is low considering the large size of the territory. Nowadays Kazakhstan is known as a country committed to the principles of democracy and market-based economy. After the collapse of Soviet Union and over 20 years of transition period, Kazakhstan has developed into one of the leading economies within the Commonwealth of Independent Countries (CIS). This was achieved mostly because Kazakhstan is very rich for natural resources. Up to the present time, around, 160 oil and gas deposits have been discovered on the territory of the country. Business in Kazakhstan is often focused on the oil and gas sector, which has been responsible for the country’s strong economic expansion over the last decades. However, these are not the only strong sectors of Kazakhstani economy, it possesses almost a quarter of the world’s uranium reserves, holds leading ranks in reserves of barite, chromite, phosphate, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore and gold. Although, Kazakhstan’s economic growth is profoundly dependent on the oil and mining sectors...
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...GLOBAL TRANSFER PRICING SERVICES Global Transfer Pricing Review kpmg.com TAX © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction Country Snapshots Country Overviews Glossary of Terms Find out more 2 4 10 255 256 © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. 2 | Global Transfer Pricing Review Introduction © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. Introduction | 3 As multinational companies continue to globalize their supply chains, transfer pricing is increasingly at the forefront of business transformation initiatives. Organizations recognize that transfer pricing strategies can add significant value to business projects and help fund future growth as they look to maximize efficiencies and minimize their global tax liabilities. The transfer pricing environment is constantly changing, in terms of both risks and opportunities. Multinational companies...
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...Non-contact abuse can include people being forced to be photographed naked or made to let other people look at their body. Emotional/Psychological abuse: There is usually a psychological element to all forms of abuse. It may involve; The abuser acting in a calm but destructive manner, humiliating a person, treating a person as a child, and, indifference to the needs of a person. Financial abuse: This involves a persons funds or possessions being taken or used inappropriately by a third party. Institutional abuse: This can involve practices of abuse in an institutionalised environment, for example, where the rights of the person using the service are denied. This can involve, amongst other things, ignoring other forms of abuse, abuse by one or more staff member or staff misusing any power they may have over the people using their services. Self neglect and neglect by others: This is the deliberate withholding of, or intentional failure to provide a necessary level of care and support for an adult to meet his or her needs. This can include self-neglect which may include purposely not eating, or neglect by others, which may include not providing adequate food. 1.2 Identify the signs and/or symptoms association with each type of abuse. Physical: Injuries in unusual places, injuries in the shape of...
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