...RESEARCH DESIGN OPENING QUESTIONS 1. What is a research design and what are the kinds of basic research designs? 2. How can the basic research designs be compared and contrasted? 3. What are the major sources of errors in a research design? 4. How does the researcher coordinate the budgeting and scheduling aspects of a research project? 5. What elements make up the marketing research proposal? 6. What factors should the researcher consider while formulating a research design in international marketing research? 7. How can technology facilitate the research design process? 8. What ethical issues arise when selecting a research design? AUTHOR’S NOTES: CHAPTER FOCUS This chapter provides an overview of research design. A definition and a classification of research designs are presented. The differences between exploratory and conclusive research designs are discussed. The three basic types of research designs, namely exploratory, descriptive, and causal, are described and a comparative analysis of these designs is presented. The potential sources of errors in research designs are covered in some detail. The budgeting and scheduling of a marketing research project, as well as the preparation of a marketing research proposal, are covered. This chapter is similar to competing texts with regard to the material on the basic types of research designs. It is different in that it presents a comparative analysis of these designs and also gives a unified treatment...
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...Of Research Design Instructional Goals 1. To clarify the various components of research design as indicated in Figure 5.1 of the book; 2. To highlight obvious combinations in research design choices; for example, a lab or field experiment is invariably conducted to establish cause and effect relationships; a lab experiment is always done in a contrived setting with maximal researcher interference and in a longitudinal fashion.; 3. To stress the importance of making optimal research design choices aimed at balancing scientific rigor and research costs (and feasibility). Discussion Questions 1. What are the basic research design issues? Describe them in some detail. Basic research design issues are primarily a function of the purpose of the study (whether it is exploratory, descriptive, or hypothesis-testing), and relate to such aspects as the type of study to be done (causal or correlational), the setting in which it will be done (natural or contrived), how much of researcher control will have to be exercised (very little in the case of field studies, to very much in the case of experimental designs), how many times data will have to be collected (one shot versus longitudinal), and the unit of analysis – i.e. the level at which data will be aggregated. For most correlational studies, the field setting with minimal researcher influence will be the choice. Most field studies are generally cross-sectional, though some could be longitudinal. Longitudinal studies, though better...
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...Research Methodology PART 3 Research Design & Plan M S Sridhar Head, Library & Documentation ISRO Satellite Centre Bangalore 560017 E-mail: sridhar@isac.gov.in & sridharmirle@yahoo.com Research Design & Plan Synopsis 1. Introduction to Research & Research methodology 2. Selection and formulation of research problem 3. Research design and plan 4. Experimental designs 5. Sampling and sampling strategy or plan 6. Measurement and scaling techniques 7. Data collection methods and techniques 8. Testing of hypotheses 9. Statistical techniques for processing & analysis of data 10. Analysis, interpretation and drawing inferences 11. Report writing M S Sridhar, ISRO 1. Significance of research design 2. Meaning & process of design / plan 3. Writing the plan (protocol) 4. Contents of the plan (protocol) 5. Qualities of good research design 6. Choice of research topic, method/ approach and methods of data collection 7. Types of research design 8. Comparison of research designs 9. Action & Applied Research 10. Correlational, Ex post facto, Ethnogenic & Triangulation Studies 2 Research Methodology 3 Significance of Research Design 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Smooth & efficient sailing (sets boundaries & prevents blind search) Yields maximum information (avoids collection of unnecessary data) Costs least in terms of effort, time & money Maximizes reliability of results Provides firm foundation to the endeavor Averts misleading conclusions & thoughtless futile exercise...
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...------------------------------------------------- ‘‘A comparative analysis on the marketing strategies of Samsung for Android and of Apple for iOS in UK market and their customer response’’ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.2 Research aims 2 1.3 Research objectives 3 2. Literature review 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Mobile phone operating system 3 2.3 Global introduction of smartphone 3 2.4 Various operating systems 4 2.5 Overview of the android’s framework 4 2.6 Overview of iOS and it marketing strategy 4 2.7 Comparative analysis of the two 5 3. Research methodology 6 3.1 Methodology 6 3.1 Type of investigation 6 3.2 Data collection method 6 3.3 Sampling method 7 3.4 Accessibility issues 7 3.5 Ethical issues 7 3.6 Timetable 8 4 Anticipated findings 9 5. Conclusions 9 References 10 1 Introduction Various companies use different types of marketing techniques over the few decades. To get competitive advantage over the competitors, developed variations of marketing techniques are quieting helpful to the companies. This is referred as market innovation (Verlog, 2007). Companies have to face with different factors in this modern world of business. New legislations developed marketing tools and corporate social responsibilities are among the newer one. Business has to deal with two basic demands which are to earn profit and to maintain a sustain profit ( Verlog, 2007). Though there are many developed application software were used in past by several cell...
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...CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The environment in which the fashion industry operates the world over has become turbulent, unpredictable and therefore, difficult to exert managerial control. Cultures around the world are constantly influencing each other; hence, the world’s cultures are changing fashion constantly. Also, social, economic, political and legal factors keep changing than before. Competition in the fashion industry is so rife such that the survival of fashion organizations cannot be guaranteed (Stuart, 1995). During the last decade, the developments of new technologies all over the world and growing globalization of countries economies have produced the fastest changes ever. The fashion industry in Ghana, especially, the clothing sub sector (which is the focus of this study) has not been without the effect of economic, political, social, cultural and legal pressures brought to bear on all organizations. In recent years, protectionism has given way to globalization. With that change, Ghanaian clothing sector of the fashion industry has had to compete with imports from low wage countries. Retailers, unencumbered by protectionism, have also seized on the opportunity, often choosing to go directly to offshore manufacturers. As retailers become larger and more globally connected, they continue to build global brands marketed around the world. In doing so, they eliminate many Ghanaian clothing companies from their supply chain. The result has been major market...
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...research will fail is when the problem needs to be analysed in depth. Quantitative research is good at providing information in breadth from a large number of units. But when it comes to exploration of a problem or concept in depth, quantitative methods are too shallow. To get really under the skin of a phenomenon, the best suited methods are, ethnographic methods, interviews, in-depth case studies and other qualitative techniques. 2. As stated earlier, quantitative research is well-suited for the testing of theories and hypotheses. What quantitative methods cannot do very well is to develop hypotheses and theories. The hypotheses to be tested may come from a review of the literature or theory, but can also be developed using exploratory qualitative research. 3. If issues to be studied are particularly complex, an in-depth qualitative study, like a case studyis more likely to pick up on this than a quantitative study. This is partly...
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...tone used on Wikipedia. (January 2012) In the social sciences and life sciences, a case study (or case report) is a descriptive, exploratory or explanatory analysis of a person, group or event. An explanatory case study is used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles.[1][2] Case studies may be prospective (in which criteria are established and cases fitting the criteria are included as they become available) or retrospective (in which criteria are established for selecting cases from historical records for inclusion in the study). Thomas[3] offers the following definition of case study: "Case studies are analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions, or other systems that are studied holistically by one or more methods. The case that is the subject of the inquiry will be an instance of a class of phenomena that provides an analytical frame — an object — within which the study is conducted and which the case illuminates and explicates." Another suggestion is that case study should be defined as a research strategy, an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. Case study research can mean single and multiple case studies, can include quantitative evidence, relies on multiple sources of evidence, and benefits from the prior development of theoretical propositions. Case studies should not be confused with qualitative research and they can be based on any mix of quantitative...
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...Sharon Williams June 07, 2011 Business Research Methods Unit I and Unit II Assessment Question # (1): How might business research help the new president make the right decisions? Answer: Cooper & Schindler (2008) argues, “Although not all organizations use business research to help make planning decisions, increasingly the successful ones does.” (Cooper & Schindler, 2008) The authors further argue the fact that “The managers of tomorrow will need to know more than any managers in history.” (Cooper & Schindler 2008) This statement along introduce and sheds light into the present situation regarding the problem that the new president of the old established company is facing and he must make the best possible decisions to proceed further so that this company can go back to a profitable status. It is fair to say that all decisions related to business related matters are about problems of some sort, and decision processes are usually different from company to company. An important difficulty in a decision dilemma is failure to act until one is too close to the decision point—when sometimes information and options are greatly limited. Managers and/or organizations usually work or respond in a “reactive” mode. Problems are “found” only after the issue has begun to have a negative impact on the company, such as the case of the problem for the new president. He stated in the question scenario, that he felt the company was operating ...
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...observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods. Inductive methods analyze the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed; deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations. (Gall, 1996) Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions (oxford dictionary) One thing that we have to pay attention to research is that the heart of the research is not on statistics, but the thinking behind the research. How we really want to find out, how we build arguments about ideas and concepts, and what evidence that we can support to persuade people to accept our arguments. (Gall, 1996) CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH Research comes in many shapes and sizes. Before a researcher begins to conduct a study, he or shemust decide on a specific type of research....
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...An Exploratory study on the Challenges Faced by Young Male Entrepreneurs in Karachi Research Proposal Spring 2016 4th Feb 2016 Submitted To: Dr. Jawaid Qureshi Submitted By: Abdul Basit - 1435199 Syed Muhammad Haseeb - 1435218 Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Aims of Research 4 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 6 3.1 Research Questions 6 3.2 Research Design 6 3.3 Sample Size 7 3.4 Research Instrument 7 References 9 1. Introduction: Interest in entrepreneurship in economies has grown within international business research due to the failure of getting employment, limited success of microfmance, lack of experience and knowledge and the relatively the unfulfilled promise of Government sector solutions. Research argues that entrepreneurial orientations and opportunities can be the answer to the former issue. In recent years, entrepreneurship has been regarded as an important element not only of regional economic growth itself, but of economic resilience. It has been suggested that this generation should become known as E-Generation because, they are expected to become the most entrepreneurial generation since the Industrial Revolution (D. F. Kuratko, 2004). This would be no surprise as a Gallup poll (Walstad, 2010) conducted in 2010 found that 69% of its 602 surveyed university students expressed interest in starting a business. However, a similar kind of pool which have the students who has just started their...
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...researchers.” State the problems that are usually faced by such researchers. Q9. Why is it important to define research problem appropriately? Q10. Explain in detail techniques involved in defining a research problem. Q11. “The task of defining the research problem is often follows a sequential pattern.” Explain. Q12. Write short notes on following: a. Ex post facto research b. Motivation in research c. Pilot survey UNIT-2: Research Design Q1. Explain the meaning and significance of research design. Q2. How does formulating a research design differ from developing an approach to a problem? Q3. “Research design in exploratory studies must be flexible but in descriptive studies, it must minimize bias and maximize reliability.” Discuss. Q4. Differentiate between exploratory and descriptive research. Q5. Write short notes on following: a. Extraneous variable b. Confounded relationship c. Research hypothesis d. Experimental and control group. Q6. Write short note on “experience survey” explaining fully its utility in exploratory...
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...A Project Management approach to Service Delivery within the Financial Services Sector; A case study of CAL BANK 1.1 Background The competitiveness of service business is contingent, at least in part, on the design and configuration of quality service delivery and the value proposition inherent in such services (Frei and Harker, 1999; Johnston and Clark, 2005; Verma et al., 2002). Therefore,congruence high level of alignment between a service experience and value for money is crucial for success of all organizations. From this perspective, a study aimed at investigating how project management can be successfully applied to service firms (banks) to lead to quality service delivery for customers is highly justified, as customers are the life blood of any organization. Indeed, several empirical studies suggest that firms achieve higher levels of profitability and performance through successful implementation of project management (PM) (Sauser et al, 2009; Lockett et al, 2008; Chin, 2004; Atkinson et al, 2006; Alleman, 2008; Gallo and Gardiner, 2007; Fernandez and Fernandez, 2009). Moreover, project management has been proven to have the ability to enhance flexibility, remove bureaucracy and also to create room for adaptability (Gomes et al, 2008; Lockett et al, 2008; Lord, 1993). Similarly, the argument for providing quality service has far been advanced by many scholars both in marketing and management circles. For example, Heskett & Sasser, (2010) documents the importance...
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...Quality Assurance in Private Universities of Bangladesh: An Enquiry Into The Desired Level of State Intervention Research Proposal Introduction Bangladesh with its poverty stricken economy coupled with large population base has no choice but to transform its people to skilled human resources through education, in general and higher education, in particular. As the cost of providing higher education has risen to a very high level, it is no longer possible for government to provide higher education to all. Due to budget constraints new universities cannot be established at government initiative. So the government of Bangladesh looked for private participation in this sector as a way out on the account of increased demand for higher education in the country and allowed private universities (PUs) to operate since 1992. However, the operations of PUs for last 13 years has been observed to produce mixed results. PUs could bring about some positive changes in the Higher education of the country in terms of increased capacity for higher education, politics-free environment and responsiveness. On the other hand, there are also serious allegations concerning high cost and poor quality of education in most PUs. The situation became so grave that a high power investigation team formed by the government had to put eight PUs in its black list and recommended for the cancellation of their license to operate as “University” in the country. Against this backdrop, the government...
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...CHAPTER-2 REAEARCH DESIGN TITLE OF THE STUDY A Study on internal control procedures of HR management towards employees with reference to Advik Hi-Tech Pvt ltd Kolar STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM There are various controls within the organization that betterment the behavior of the employees for best results. Controls on personal career, development etc is not being given prime importance in many organizations. This may lead to damages to the working of the organization thereby affecting image, reputation and goodwill of the organization. The problem lies in organization not making a sincere attempt to concentrate on such problems. The aim of this study is to analyze and find solutions to these burning issues REVIEW OF LITERATURE A literature is...
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...The effect of E-marketing on the marketing performance of Small Business Enterprise: A comparative study between Egypt and the UK. HATEM EL-GOHARY Bradford University School of Management School address : EMM Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 4JL, UK. Mailing address : 24 Laisteridge Lane, Bradford, BD7 1QT, West Yorkshire, UK. Telephone : +44 (0)7878470306 Fax : +44 (0)1274 546866 Email : h.o.a.elgohary@bradford.ac.uk elgohary70@yahoo.com Supervisor name : Dr. Myfanwy Trueman Supervisor e-mail : M.Trueman@Bradford.ac.uk 16th EDAMBA Summer Academy Soreze, France July 2007 Abstract:- Small Business Enterprises (SBE's) play a major role in the world economy, and their contribution to economic and employment growth is widely recognized. Based on the SBE role as an economic engine to drive global development, this research seeks to understand the practices and activities of these enterprises in terms of electronic marketing (Achieving marketing objectives and functions through the use of electronic communication technology), marketing performance and the effectiveness of industrial and trade SBE’s. In order to do this a comparative study is made between SBE’s in Egypt (developing) and the UK (developed). The main aim of this work is to identify links between the conceptual framework and empirical analysis...
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