...Midterm Reviewer General Psychology Psychology – is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Wilehelm Wundt – “Father of psychology” * Aristotle – methods of Contemporary Science. * Francis Bacon – Deductive Reasoning in the study of behavior. * Charles Darwin – 1859, Theory of Evolution. * Psyche – mind / soul * Locos – study 4 Goals of Psychology * Describe – Detailed of record of ascertain behaviour. Qualitative – names, sex, and nationality, rating/ranking. Quantitative – weights; height, speed, distance, no. of age. * Understand - explain or interpret facts about behavior. The causes of certain. Sign learning. Verbal punishment. Dispositional – nature of personality/ reason. * Predict – predict future behavior. a) Scientific b) Casual c) Cause and Effect * Control – controlling behavior may be done thought planning based on accurate prediction. Traditional Schools of Psychology * Structuralism – structure of the mind. (Edward B. Titchener) a) Sensation b) Image c) Feelings Introspection – a method of metal self-analysis w/c feeling, thinking, & behavior. * Functionalism – how the mind function in the adjustment of man to his environment. ( William James) [ Experimental ] * Functional * Advises * Gestalt – the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. ( Max Weltheirmer, Wolfgang Kholer, & Kurt Koffka ) [ Experimental ] * Behaviorism – The important of learning &...
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...and Perception Lecture 6 & 7 • Learning Outcomes • Define and differentiate between sensation and perception. • Identify the parts of the eye, describe the properties of light and the theories of color vision. • Learning Outcomes • Describe how visual perception is organized. • Identify the parts of the ear; explain the sense of hearing. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the chemical senses. • Identify the skin senses and theoretical explanations for pain. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the kinesthetic and vestibular senses. • Explain why psychologists are skeptical about extra sensory perception. • Sensation and Perception • What are Sensation and Perception? • “I have perfect vision” –Heather Sellers has problem with her perception. She cannot recognize faces-prosopagnosia (face blindness) “In college, on a date at the Spaghetti Station, I returned from the bathroom and plunked myself down in the wrong booth, facing the wrong man. I remained unaware he was not my date even as my date (a stranger to me) accosted Wrong Booth Guy, and then stormed out of the Station. I can’t distinguish actors in movies and on TV. I do not recognize myself in photos or video. I can’t recognize my stepsons in the soccer pick-up line; I failed to determine which husband was mine at a party, in the mall, at the market” This curious mix of “perfect” vision and face blindness illustrates the distinction between sensation and perception. • 1. What are Sensation and Perception? • Her...
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...Survey 3. Sampling Process………………………………………………….................15 1. Target population 2. Sample Size 3. Sampling technique 5. Fieldwork………………….…………………………………………………………15 6. Data Interpretation and analysis ……………………………………………………..16 1. Data Analysis Plan…………….……………………………………………16 2. Methodology………………………………………………………………..18 3. Analysis and Interpretation………….......………………………………… 19 7. Results ……………………………………………………………………………….28 8. Limitations and caveats ………………………….…………………………………..29 9. Exhibits………………………………………………………………………………31 10. References……………………………………………………………………………54 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: T-test on the influencing factors ……………………………………………..31 Exhibit 2: T-test on the influencing factors in families with kids ……………………….31 Exhibit 3: T-test on importance of product attributes …………………………………...32 Exhibit 4: One way Anova of product attributes vs different income groups…………..33 Exhibit 5: One way Anova of product attributes vs different education groups………..34 Exhibit 6: One way Anova of product attributes vs different age groups………………35...
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...Survey 3. Sampling Process………………………………………………….................15 1. Target population 2. Sample Size 3. Sampling technique 5. Fieldwork………………….…………………………………………………………15 6. Data Interpretation and analysis ……………………………………………………..16 1. Data Analysis Plan…………….……………………………………………16 2. Methodology………………………………………………………………..18 3. Analysis and Interpretation………….......………………………………… 19 7. Results ……………………………………………………………………………….28 8. Limitations and caveats ………………………….…………………………………..29 9. Exhibits………………………………………………………………………………31 10. References……………………………………………………………………………54 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: T-test on the influencing factors ……………………………………………..31 Exhibit 2: T-test on the influencing factors in families with kids ……………………….31 Exhibit 3: T-test on importance of product attributes …………………………………...32 Exhibit 4: One way Anova of product attributes vs different income groups…………..33 Exhibit 5: One way Anova of product attributes vs different education groups………..34 Exhibit 6: One way Anova of product attributes vs different age groups………………35...
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...Subliminal Perception & Extra Sensory Perception Subliminal Perception is the ability to notice stimuli that affect only the unconscious mind. This concept used subliminal messages, which are brief auditory or visual messages presented below the absolute threshold so that there is less than 50 percent chance that they will be perceived. In a state-of-the-art technology, subliminal perception is done by continually flashing a message through computerized digital words on a screen at a very fast speed. The repeated flashing stimulates the potential or prospective buyers to unconsciously absorb the message. If the message in a TV advertisement during commercial break, is to eat pizza pie at Pizza Hut, generally consumers whenever feel hungry they tend to go to Pizza Hut and order pizza pie. On the other hand, supraliminal perception is the perception of stimuli that are above level of consciousness or awareness. Experiences that can be evoked by sensory receptors are strong enough to perceive and remember. Extrasensory Perception is the perception of objects or events through means other than sensory organs. Eyes, ears, mouth, nose and skin are sense organs used for personal experience to the external world. Bem and Honorton presented “psi”, as unusual processes of information or energy transfer that are currently unexplained in terms of known physical or biological mechanisms. ESP experiences are described below: 1. Telepathy – It is a direct communication...
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...PERSONALITY AND PERCEPTION D07Q7 QUESTION Q2 (a) Identify the potential scope of the individual’s contribution to an organisation. (12 marks) (b) Using examples, explain how the following characteristics may affect the contribution of the individual to the organisation: (i) personality (ii) (ii) attitudes (13 marks) (Total 25 marks) ANSWER (a) The potential scope of the individual’s contribution to the organisation includes: ● Effort – managers expect employees to work and fulfil agreed objectives ● Time – individuals contribute their time and this may include unsocial hours ● Obedience – to company rules and policies ● Flexibility – organisations need to respond to changing situations and varying demands in effective and customer focused ways ● Adaptability – individuals are most effective where they adapt to change ● Skills – individuals bring a variety of skills that are essential to the effective performance of the organisation. These will include technical, conceptual and inter- personal skills ● Loyalty and commitment – to the organisation’s goals and their effective fulfilment ● Personality – this is important to internal relationships and group effectiveness ● Any organisation is more than the sum of its individual parts i.e. the individuals that compose it ● Creativity – the individual may contribute new ideas and the development of better methods and processes ● Individuality – this may be very important to the ongoing health and...
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...Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development * John Locke (1632-1704) British philosopher Tabula rasa “blank slate”- Learning through: instruct, reward, discipline * Jean J. Rousseau (1712-1778) French Philosopher Noble savage- Endowed with an innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally as children grow * Charles Darwin British Naturalist 1809 -1882 Conceptual Contribution: evolutionary theory; survival of the fittest * Stanley Hall (1844-1924) norming studies: founded child-study institute at Clark University. First president of American Psychological Association. * Alfred Binet (1857-1911) French psychologist- intelligence test - Binet-Simon Test Stanford-Binet Test The Biological Perspective: Definition: Development is determined primarily by biological forces * In ethological theory, many behaviors are viewed as adaptive because they have survival value (examples: Reflexes, crying, social interactions (attention-seeking); self-control/independence; * In maturational theory, development reflects the natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan; Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)Critical Period – imprinting (Konrad Lorez 1903-1989), language) The Learning Perspective * Classical Conditioning – Watson’s little Albert Experiment * Operant Conditioning – B. F. Skinner (reinforcement and punishment) * Bandura’s social cognitive theory: children are actively trying to understand what is going on in their world; what is reinforced...
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...Nursing 122 Fundamentals of Neuro-Sensory nursing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Review major structures and functions of both central and peripheral nervous system. (Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 3rd ed., pages 688-692 Structure and function of the CNS and PNS --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Potter and Perry, Fundamentals of nursing (8th), Chapter 16 p. 210-211 Types of Data --There are two primary sources of data: subjective and objective. Subjective data are your patients’ verbal descriptions of their health problems. Only patients provide subjective data. For example, Mr. Jacobs's report of incision pain and his expression of concern about whether the pain means that he will not be able to go home as soon as he hoped are subjective findings. Subjective data usually include feelings, perceptions, and self-report of symptoms. Only patients provide subjective data relevant to their health condition. The data sometimes reflect physiological changes, which you further explore through objective data collection. --Objective data are observations or measurements...
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...a | Synesthesia | | | Name | 3/10/2012 | | Abstract Intermingling of different modalities simultaneously making the person feel different senses at a time is what synesthesia is. In the late 19th and 20th century, synesthesia has become a hot topic for research in psychological field. The research process is undergoing renaissance. About 100 years ago, people were unable to understand the cause behind these synesthetic conditions. With the advancement in science and neural technology, the interest in the research of this area has gain momentum. The major problem in synesthetes is that they generally do not expose their feelings in front of everyone due to some kind of inferiority complex. While some person feel this as a gift. Some major hypothesis has been found out which aims to explain the whole fundamentals of synesthesia. Some of them are NS Hypothesis and CMT Hypothesis. However, synesthesia is just a condition and it should not be confused as a disease, disorder or a syndrome. A synesthete can easily sustain his life like a normal people do. Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………03 2. Experiences………………………………………………………………………………04 3. Primary Researches………………………………………………………………………04 4. Nature of Synesthesia……………………………………………………………………05 5. Modern Research and Findings………………………………………………………….05 6. Synesthesia and the Art of Comparison…………………………………………………06 7. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….07 ...
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...[pic] [pic] [pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS |S.NO |PARTICULARS |PAGE NO | |1 |Introduction to customer perception and banking industry |3 | |2 |Literature review |4-6 | |3 |Objectives and hypothesis |7 | |4 |Research methodology |8 | |5 |Limitations |9 | |6 |Data analysis |10-24 | |7 |findings |25 | |8 |Suggestions |26 | |9 |Conclusions |26 ...
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...A Review of the Misdirection in Psychological Literature Regarding the Elucidation of Cognitive Processes by Magic Imagine that you are on a holiday in Rome. You’ve visited the Pantheon, Roman Forum and now you find yourself at the Colosseum. Anyone who has visited this popular tourist attraction will tell you that aside from the licensed actors portraying gladiators, who for a small fee will allow you to take a photo with them, the area is covered with signs. These signs do not give directions to the bathrooms, but communicate a real threat, the presence and operations of pickpockets. Now imagine that you’ve left your group of friends for a moment because you want to get some panoramic photos. While you are walking you notice that you are being followed, you walk a little faster. Out of the corner of your eye you notice your pursuer bending down to pick something up. They call out to you and produce a ring, asking if you have dropped it. You say that it isn’t yours, but the noticeably accented, yet well-spoken individual, begins to look worried. They insist that this is an expensive, pure gold ring and that since they saw you drop it you should have it. You may argue for a bit, but eventually acquiesce, they shake your hand with both of theirs in gratitude. The handshake seems a bit too long, and all the while the stranger gives you an unflinching stare. They finally stop and bid you good-bye with a satisfied smile, and you walk back to your friends to tell them the story...
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...CONSUMER ATTITUDES TO 100% FRIUT JUICE Contents 1. Executive summary 3 2. Problem definition: 4 3. Organization of the Study: 7 4. Approach to problem (literature review): 8 5. Research design (Methodology): 11 6. Ethical issues: 13 7. Data Analysis and Results: 14 8. Conclusion and recommendations: 25 9. Appendix A: Survey 27 10. Appendix B: Statistical tests results 30 1. Executive summary A web survey was used in the UK to collect information for Tropicana fruit Juice Company to increase their sales. Descriptive research analysis was used to investigate which labeling attributes consumers consider significant when choosing 100% fruit juices, and to evaluate their willingness-to-pay for this specific label. The objective of this report is to inform Tropicana of the status of the current consumer’s attitudes to 100% juice to understand the customers and increase their sales. 2.Problem definition: I. Background: Consumer habits of food consumption have changed greatly, in today’s society people are looking for healthier choices due to the increasing awareness surrounding health, nutrition and to improve the quality of the human life are reasons for the risen demand on fruit and vegetables. “5 A Day” for example is a campaign supported by the World Health Organization made to encourage people to have five fruits or vegetables a day. The world fruit industry and manufacturers has responded for this demand by developing fruit...
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...SUBLIMINAL SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING ADVERTISING S UBLIMINAL ADVERTISING Intergrated Term Project Rakhi Jerly Semster 5 Fashion Communication Design What is Advertising? “Paid non-personal communication from an identified sponsor using mass media to persuade or influence an audience. “ (Wells, Burnett, & Moriaty 1998) Criticism for advertising: While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs. Unsolicited commercial e-mail and other forms of spam have become so prevalent as to have become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on internet service providers. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation. In addition, advertising frequently uses psychological pressure (for example, appealing to feelings of inadequacy) on the intended consumer, which may be harmful. Human psycology and Advertising: The human being is a complex creature. The same complexity that gives us the ability to manipulate objects also makes us vulnerable to manipulation. It is very Important for advertisers to study the human psycology and consumer behaviour inorder to exert maximun influence on target consumers. They aim at the vulnerabilities of human mind. A successfull ad agency is one which “manipulates human motivations and desires and develops a need for goods with which...
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...Parekh and Jackson (1997) make an important point, that a common perception exists that mentally retarded children are social outcasts, due to the stigmatizing consequences of the process of labeling. Foster (1990) also, agree that the treatment of mentally retarded people has been characterized by neglect and abuse. In support of this notion Gilbride (1993) maintain that despite advances in public policy and legislation, significant barriers towards people with mental handicaps stilI exist. Attitudes held by both the general public and the key players, especially parents in the person's life are often cited as an important component of the "handicapping" environment (Hahn, 1982; Yuker, 1988). An attitude may be defined as the individual's tendency to react positively or negatively to some person, object, situation, institution or event (Aiken, 1985; Thomas, 1982). This definition concurs with that of Graharn and LiIly (1984) who describe an attitude as an opinion about something,reflecting how favourable people are towards groups, people, ideas or issues. Kagan and Havemann(1980) also, refer to an attitude as an organized and enduring set of beliefs and feelings, predisposingus to behave in a certain way. Kagan and Havernann (1980) explain that it is the emotional componentof an attitude that distinguishes it from a belief. In this study the tenn 'attitude' will be used loosely tocover parent's behaviour, perceptions, reactions, values, feelings, etc. Mental retardation (MR)...
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...In this paper, the authors investigate how price promotions influence the post purchase consumption experience of hedonic products over time. Depending on whether there is an immediate consumption or a delay in consumption after receiving a discount, a price discount may either increase consumer enjoyment by enhancing positive moods while dampening the “pain” of payment or decrease consumer enjoyment by lowering attention during consumption. Four experiments were conducted to test if immediate or delays in consumption after receiving a discount would play significant role in determining this increase or decrease in consumer enjoyment. These experiments involved real spending and consumption and set out to demonstrate that when consumption occurred immediately after a price discount, consumption experience was more enjoyable and there was an opposite effect on consumption experience when consumption was delayed. The experiments further investigated feelings (mood) and attention respectively to support these effects while ruling out perceived quality, absolute paid price and direct sunk cost as possible explanations. In experiment 1, they tested the influence of price promotions and a delay in consumption on overall consumer enjoyment (Hypothesis 1) of chocolate truffles. Hypothesis 1a stated an increase in consumer enjoyment between price promotion and immediate consumption while Hypothesis 1b stated a decrease in consumer enjoyment between a price promotion and a delay in...
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