...Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies Vol. 1(4) pp. 126-133, May, 2012 Available online http://garj.org/garjmbs/index.htm Copyright © 2012 Global Advanced Research Journals Full Length Research Paper Impact of Motivation on the working performance of employees- A case study of Pakistan. Akbar Ali1, Maira Abrar2 , Jahanzaib Haider 1 Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Tel: 92-331-7304678, 2 3 Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Tel: 92-331-3312626, Accepted 10 April, 2012 Motives are key to human behavior. It plays an important role in performance and other activities and as such the manager should know what motivation is and how subordinates can are motivated towards performance. This study investigates the role of motivation on employees’ performance as the history of explaining human or animal behavior is not new.” why did one do what one did “had been the subject of working even in the past, some human behavior was explained as an outcome of demos impedance and this explanation was unscientific. Efforts were also made to determine principles which could explain human behavior. McDougall emphasized that man’s social behavior can be explained in terms of instincts which was later on criticized. Freud used “unconscious metal process” to explain behavior especially...
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...must ensure that employees perform tasks, increase productivity and feel the satisfaction of their work. To make this happen companies need to ensure that their employees are motivated. 1.1. Motivation – to encourage people to act, so that they and their company would reach their setup goals and to ensure that all sides will be satisfied. Motivation benefits the company as an employee who is motivated wants to be at work, takes pride in their work, does not have a negative attitude towards the company and is dedicated to work longer hours and takes delight in it. The company, having these workers can achieve: * Higher productivity and quality * Better attendance * Lower employee turnover * More likely that changes will be recognized, rather than resisted 1.2. But there are many factors which affect motivation level in the workplace. One of the most important is social factor, if an organization is soaked with negativity it can be disastrous, it can lead to low morale, no desire to work, low performance & poor quality and finally resistance to any changes within the organization can be crippling in these competitive times. Environmental conditions can affect motivation levels in the workplace as well, such as, bad air conditioning system it’s too cold or too hot to work, tools for work are in poor quality or do not comply with the requirements to do a good job or work place is life-threatening. Many other factors can affect motivation in the workplace...
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...Motivation Paper Steve Miksich April 8, 2012 CJA/444 Jon Sowers Motivation Paper The juvenile justice system is a system of justice that is set up to adjudicate juveniles who have been charged with crimes against society. Instead of trying to only punish these individuals for the crime they committed, this system also works toward rehabilitating them to reduce recidivism. The juvenile court system is typically much different than the traditional courts, due to the fact that the processes and procedures are designed to seek an effective practice of providing rehabilitative treatment for the juvenile; instead of an ironclad system of punishing them for the offenses they committed. The juvenile justice system provides an environment that is conducive to uplifting the adolescent. This helps to persuade him or her that delinquency is not the best methodology for achieving their lifetime goals. It inherently seeks to reward any good behavior exhibited by the juvenile in lieu of strictly punishing them for past failures and antisocial behavior. In addition, the juvenile correctional facilities are designed to resemble dormitories more so than prison cellblocks. This benefits the juvenile system since it does not promote an intimidating, archaic atmosphere. Hertzberg's theory of motivation is a theory that encompasses both motivating factors and hygiene factors as the basis for motivating individual actions. This theory is based on the premise that individuals are...
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...how levels of motivation can be improved to increase performance in the workplace. The nominal word count for this assignment is 2000 words: The suggested range is between 1500 and 2500 words, however individuals have different writing styles, and there is no penalty if the word-count range is exceeded. Check your assignment carefully prior to submission using the assessment criteria and marking sheet. Understand the factors that may affect performance and motivation in the work place “Evaluate two or more theories of motivation that are clearly relevant to your workplace to provide a conclusion or recommendations, and evaluate the principal factors that may affect performance and motivation in the workplace to provide a conclusion or recommendations.” • 1. Evaluate theories of motivation relevant to your workplace (28 marks) Motivation is vital for Baxter Healthcare as it’s the people in the organization than drive productivity and create success. If employees lose interest, the business does not perform because efficiency suffers particularly in a sales company. The following two motivation theories particularly resonate within the Sales and Marketing environment of Baxter. Maslow’s Model says employees have a hierarchy of needs and seek fulfillment from meaningful work. Herzberg says employees need an increasing variety and challenging tasks. Herzberg's theory places its importance on internal job factors as motivating factors for employees. Baxter certainly...
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...content theory of motivation and a process theory of motivation and illustrate how they can explain actions of individuals in the case study Motivation refers to the factors either with in or to a person that stimulate enthusiasm and determination to chase a certain course of action. Often people confuse the idea of happy employees with motivated employees.these may be related but motivation actually describes the level of desire employyees feel to perfrom regardness of the level of happiness in management,motivavtion is the process though which mangers encourage employees to be productive and effective.these are the some of motivation theories 1. hierachy of needs theory 2. ERG Theory 3. Two –factor theory People are motivated by 5 steps of motivating which exist in a hierarchical order 1. Physiological 2. Safety 3. Love 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization Vroom’s expectancy theory “Vroom was the first person to propose an expectancy theory aimed specifically at work motivation. His model is based on three key variables: valence, instrumentality and expectancy The theory is founded on the idea that people prefer certain outcomes from their behavior over others. They anticipate feelings of satisfaction should the preferred outcome be achieved” (Mullins, 2010) According to this case study person who reads can identify what are content theory of motivation and process theory...
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...MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION Motivation and Job Satisfaction Introduction This paper is going to look at motivation in corporations, and its necessity to company managers within organizations. To begin with, it is essential to note that employee motivation is one of the most essential aspects that every manager within an organization should address and look at. Staff motivation, as it will be seen in this paper from a detailed perspective, is of great necessity to company managers because it is one of the strongest agents that the corporation banks on to achieve its goals and objectives. At the same time, motivation is necessary in order to develop the employees’ capabilities, skill, expertise, experience and intellectual capital at large (Deci, 1971). This is only achievable if the employees are highly motivated by the corporation managers and the concerned parties such as the human resource department. This is one of the areas that this paper will critically address. Employees’ satisfaction is one of the most essential elements and propellers of motivation at work. This paper will look at job satisfaction and its relation to employee motivation from a critical perspective (Rugman, 2002). In order to achieve this, several models will be analyzed and looked at, considering that they are some of the factors that will assist in understanding employees’ motivation and job satisfaction. The aim of this paper, therefore...
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...Backround of study Motivation is the answer to the development in work performance among employees. Many research and observations have shown that employees who are well motivated perform efficiently and are more productive in their work place. Employees’ motivation has been a major interest among organizations. Many organizations search for the best ways to improve job performance and productivity. The term ‘motivation’ was initially derived from a latin word ‘movere’ meaning to ‘move’. The achievement and the survival of any organization are normally defined by the workers amount of commitment the individuals put into it and the productivity of the workers. The compensation given to the employees and...
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...failure or success of any business. It serves as an evaluative model to determine the role employees can play in the decision making process and explains why the employees should not only be considered as employees but as members of the company. This paper attempts to explain what organizational behavior is and discusses the impact it has on the success of an organization. Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study that investigates how organizational structures within an organization affect the performance of its employees. Behavior is the way an individual behaves in a specified environment. In organizational behavior, there is a need for one to understand how communication, sociology, management and psychology fields affect human behavior. Organizational behavior is utilized to motivate employees to perform at their best. It looks at the availability of necessary resources that would motivate the workers to not only do what they are assigned but develop a passion for it. This effect could take place due to the different levels of perception and the analysis indifference of the business. The culture and working conditions adapted by the workers always influence the job performance. (Reeves, 2009). Communication is the concept in which information is exchanged between two entities. Development of good communication skills in the working environment is very crucial. The day to day operations are achieved if a good decision...
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...Herzberg's Theory of Motivation The motivation of employees is important to organizations since it is one of several factors that significantly affect the productivity of employees. Raising the level of motivation increases profitability through greater creativity and commitment in employees. Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, also known as the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, was derived from a study designed to test the concept that people have two sets of needs: 1. Their needs as animals to avoid pain 2. Their needs as humans to grow psychologically Herzberg's Study There are two hundred engineers and accountants in Pittsburgh were interviewed. To test the hypothesis, engineers and accountants were interviewed to assess events that led to significant changes in their job attitudes and to determine the factors that caused those changes. Herzberg's study consisted of a series of interviews that sought to elicit responses to the questions: (1) Recall a time when you felt exceptionally good about your job. Why did you feel that way about the job? Did this feeling affect your job performance in any way? Did this feeling have an impact on your personal relationships or your well- being? (2) Recall a time on the job that resulted in negative feelings? Describe the sequence of events that resulted in these negative feelings. RESEARCH RESULTS It appeared, from the research, that the things making people happy on the job and those making them unhappy had two separate...
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...STUDY ON MOTIVATION FACTORS TOWARDS EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AT BANK ISLAM MALAYSIA BERHAD SOUTHERN REGION CONTENTS 1. CHAPTER 1 : 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Statement of the problem 2.3 Research questions/objevtives 2.4 Scope of research 2.5 Significant of the study 2.6 Key terms /concepts. 2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL 3.7 Literature Review 3.8 Conceptual/research framework 3.9 Hypothesis 3. CHAPTER 3 : RESERCH METHODOLOGY 4.10 Research design 4.11 Sample size 4.12 Sampling technique 4.13 Data collection technique 4.14 Data collection 4.15 Data analysis 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 5.16 Introduction 5.17 Profile of respondent 5.18 Pilot test 5.19 Tests for normality of data 5.20 Findings 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 6.21 Introduction 6.22 Discussion 6.23 Limitation 6.24 Recommendation 6.25 Conclusion 6. REFERENCES 7. LIST OF TABLES 8. APPENDIXES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction At one time, employees were considered just another input into the production of goods and services. What perhaps changed this way of thinking about employees was research...
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...1. The foundation of open systems theory is that all the components of an organization are inter-related, thus, changing one variable impacts many other components of the organization. Additionally, organizations use external and internal inputs to produce outputs. (McShane & Steen, 2009). Further, there is a nonlinear relationship between different components of an organization. Meaning, a small change in one variable can cause enormous changes in another, and conversely, large changes in one variable may have a small effect on another. Therefore, organizations are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Thus, organizations are seen as open systems which continually interact with their external environment (rather than being closed and independent units). Clearly, in the case of Napanee Beer Co., a communication failure in one department affected different parts of the organizational subsystem. One part of the organization, the marketing department, did not inform another component of the organization, the production department, that there was a new marketing campaign. Due to this lack of communication, the production department was not prepared to produce the higher priced specialty beer, which was now at higher demand, due to the work efforts of the marketing department. This dilemma relates back to the organizational efficiency, where the amount of output is directly related to the number of inputs (McShane & Steen, 2009). The input that was lacking in the case of Napanee...
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...According to Antony and McVicar (2011), motivation may be defined as a stimulus, workforce which can affect people’s action because of a need or desire. It should be linked with people’s performance and the goals of productivities. Usually, motivation plays an important role in achieving business goals in a workplace where is consist of workers. It could bring every employee enthusiasm in their work to gain the goals of productivities or the organization objectives if the managers motivate their staff well (Dysvik and Kuvaas, 2008). So, how to motivate the employees challenges the managers of the organizations or companies. High level of motivation could lead to high level of performance, and then good performance could cause high productivity. In contrast, low motivation perhaps makes turnover happen frequently. Motivating in the workforce is complicated and difficult due to many different reasons such as work itself, work conditions, relationship between supervisors and staff (Herrera, 2002). The managers probably need to motivate their employees by some motivational theories. The theories of motivational could help them to improve workers’ performance, reduce the turnover, make employee remain the right attitude towards the work. Consequently, the high level of performance usually can improve the productivity. This essay will describe three kinds of theories of motivation which are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg’s two factors theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory...
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...of an Organization’s Motivation Plan to Encourage Workers In order for an organization’s motivation plan to be effective, it is important for the organization to clearly define their intended outcomes. Some ways to define their intended outcomes are to look at their mission statement and values, measure their productivity levels, look at their turnover rate and the reasons given for the turnover, determine what employee relations issue are at hand, and what kind of leadership style the organization has. It is also important to get employees involved. An organization’s employees are the best source of information regarding what will motivate them. By just asking an employee for some input is a good motivation tool in itself. The employee then feels part of the company and they feel of some value and respected (How to Implement: Motivation & Retention Strategies , 1999). A correctly designed job will satisfy many employee’s needs. By satisfying employee needs will lead to high productivity, high job satisfaction, high motivation, and less turnover. Some ways to create a well-designed job are to include job enrichment, which adds responsibility and authority duties usually performed by supervisors; job rotation, which increases job tasks by shifting workers from one job to another; and job enlargement, which is the increasing of task variety by combining two or more tasks into one (Schermerhorn, 2012). By including job enrichment makes employees feel more valued by the...
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...Motivation Introduction This essay is about defining Motivation and how it affects employees. Also an explanation of the main the types are to be given. A research on popular Theorist was done to support the definition and types. The researcher recognized what impact motivation has on the workplace and seek to discuss the importance. Theory Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an individual to act towards a desired goal and elicits controls and sustains certain goal directed behaviors. It can be considered a driving force, a psychological one that compels or reinforces an action towards a desired goal. In other words, a person may have certain needs or wants, and this causes them to do certain things (behavior), which satisfy those needs (satisfaction). Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives: Content and Process theories. Content Theories deal with “what” motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Process Theories deal with the “process” of motivation and is concerned with “how” motivation occurs.(Ozgurzan, 2013). For this paper the researcher would focus Content Theories. Developing out from the Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET- Deci 1975) it was stated motivation can be divided into two types: extrinsic (external) motivation and intrinsic (internal) motivation . Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations are two opposing ways to motivate people. Extrinsic motivation deals with motivations...
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...does. It is therefore imperative for a company to understand the attitude of its workers and measure the job satisfaction of its employees, as job satisfaction is essential for productivity. Introduction Worker attitude and job satisfaction deals with how an organization behaves. It involves the management directing employees into improving organizational and personal effectiveness. It plays an enormous role in determining the attitudes of employees and their job satisfaction. When an employee is happy, it is usually because they are satisfied with their work. This also improves the quality of their work. Attitude and job satisfaction may not fall completely on the management but also on the employees. If employees enjoy their work, they will not need external motivation from management, but instead the satisfaction they attain from completing their work will motivate them (Robbins, 2004). Job satisfaction is an individual’s contentment with their work. Its effect on productivity is either positive or negative. The relationship between job satisfaction and job productivity is however not consistent. An individual may still obtain high job productivity without having the satisfaction in the work. This happens mostly when money is their motivation. Another motivator is improving in his or her work in order to receive a promotion. Other employees may increase their productivity due to the satisfaction they get from their work. A reason for job satisfaction may also come from...
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