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Fast-Track Profit Model

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24 de agosto de 2012

“FAST-TRACK PROFIT MODEL”

Creación de un nuevo proceso en Due Diligence para las fusiones y adquisiciones

El Método de Costeo Basado en Actividades (Costos ABC) es la nueva capacidad para el modelo de ganancia rápida. El documento nos muestra cómo crear rápidamente un modelo simple de Costos ABC para evaluar si se adquiere o no una empresa. Mediante el uso de este modelo durante el proceso de Due Diligence, un posible comprador puede identificar en la empresa que se desea adquirir dónde existen oportunidades de generar utilidades. Los compradores suelen basarse en una plantilla modelo (depende el giro de la empresa), en donde se capturan los datos reales de las transacciones que se deseen evaluar, lo cual nos ayuda a identificar las oportunidades de ganancia antes de la adquisición.

Justificación de un modelo de ganancia rápida en Due Diligence

Un modelo de ganancia rápida da un valor agregado al proceso de Due Diligence; la mayoría de las veces no se lleva a cabo la compra de una empresa por lo que los compradores prefieren métodos rápidos, de bajo costo y que les ayude a identificar si la empresa tiene la oportunidad de generar ganancias en poco tiempo.

Con un modelo rápido de Costos ABC se puede observar el comportamiento de las ganancias de cada área operativa de una empresa. El modelo también permite al comprador potencial diferenciarse de otros posibles compradores, ya que le ayuda a determinar el precio que puede ofertar por la empresa.

El adquirente debe tener una amplia visión del valor que puede generar o perder en una adquisición; esto es hacer un análisis de qué tan alta es la utilidad entes de impuestos sin depreciaciones y amortizaciones (EBITDA) y cómo la puede aumentar rápidamente, mediante la adopción de medidas para transformar las operaciones no rentables en rentables.

La construcción de un modelo de ganancia rápida, antes de realizar una adquisición, ahora es más fácil por los factores siguientes: 1. Ya existen una gran variedad de plantillas para cualquier tipo de industria; estas plantillas se pueden adaptar fácilmente para representar los procesos realizados por una empresa, desde las ventas, producción, hasta la entrega, proporcionan el marco para la estimación de los ingresos, costos y rentabilidad de las líneas de productos individuales, SKU y clientes.

2. Los datos de transacciones en las operaciones de la empresa están fácilmente disponibles. La mayoría de las empresas gestionan sus negocios con los sistemas ERP, por lo que es importante contar con personal experimentado para la descarga de los datos del sistema.

3. Cargar los datos del sistema a la plantilla; como pueden ser los productos y datos de los clientes, de costos, rentabilidad, etc. Este modelo de rentabilidad exacto y detallado ahora puede ser construido en algunos días y permite cuantificar las oportunidades de generar utilidades a partir de la transformación de productos, proveedores y clientes no rentables, en rentables.

El documento nos presenta tres casos de estudio que documentan el desarrollo de la metodología para la aplicación del modelo rápido de Costos ABC para realizar las adquisiciones.

En el primer caso de Controles Pioneer nos presenta que la compañía presentaba una caída en sus ingresos y 14 millones de deuda, lo ocasionó problemas de pago y riesgo de perder a sus proveedores clave. Una firma de capital privado se acercó a la compañía para evaluar una posible adquisición. La firma se dio cuenta que la compañía había pagado de más por sus siete adquisiciones recientes, sin tener en cuenta un ajuste estratégico, lo que ocasionó redundancias operativas y controles inadecuados. Al no gestionar adecuadamente los procesos de integración, Controles Pioneer tenía demasiadas ramas, representantes de ventas de más, demasiado servicio a clientes y proveedores, y demasiada autonomía a nivel de rama. El resultado de la adquisición deficiente y los procesos de integración han sido principalmente aumento de la deuda y la disminución de la rentabilidad. La firma aplicó el modelo e identificó con rapidez la oportunidad de ganar utilidades en cada rama de sus adquisiciones, lo cuales generaban pérdida, para empezar a pagar la deuda. La firma diseñó un plan de acción para consolidar las ramas, fuerza de ventas y los departamentos para eliminar las pérdidas y generar utilidades, las acciones de este plan permitirían a Controles Pioneer aumentar el EBITDA de 1 millón a 7 millones con rapidez. Sobre la base de este análisis, la firma ofreció un precio de compra más alto que otros compradores y ganó el negocio; también logró atraer a prestamistas como GE Capital para participar en el financiamiento.

El segundo caso de estudio se trata de la empresa Fairmont, compañía minorista que al paso del tiempo fue perdiendo rentabilidad debido a la fuerte competencia; la empresa fue subastada por un banco.
La firma de capital privado Questor, se interesó en dicha compañía, para lo cual aplicó el método de ganancia rápida en los SKU, ventas, clientes, utilidades entre otra información. Se descubrió que más del 80% de los SKU no eran rentables, perdiendo en total más de 60 millones de dólares, dichas pérdidas representan el 480% de las ganancias actuales de 13 millones. Questor pudo ver de inmediato que mediante la consolidación de inventarios, plazos de revisión y el cambio de los niveles de servicio, se podría incrementar en 15 millones la utilidad en un corto plazo. Con estos resultados, Questor aumentó su oferta por Fairmont de 150 a 180 millones; ya que su modelo le dio visibilidad y confianza en posibles ganancias futuras. Por desgracia, esta oferta alta no fue suficiente para ganar el contrato, quedó en segundo lugar y ganó un comprador estratégico, sin tener claro cómo podría mejorar la rentabilidad, lo que le podría generar dificultades para justificar el precio de compra.

Por último, el tercer caso es de Belmont Foods, empresa propiedad de Wayland que decidió vender porque se había convertido en un activo no esencial. Una firma de capital privado se interesó en la compañía, recopiló información y en cuestión de días construyó el modelo de ganancia rápida, como resultado de la aplicación del modelo con los Costos ABC, se identificó un potencial de crecimiento en las ganancias por 7 millones; basado en un modelo de rentabilidad de envío por cliente, orden, proveedor y SKU, adquirió la empresa. El proceso general de Due Diligence para aplicar los Costos ABC

En los tres casos anteriores se aplicó el método de ganancia rápida para lo cual se identificaron las oportunidades de mejora para la generación de utilidades a corto plazo, pero solamente estos son dos de cuatro pasos del proceso general del modelo, que son el alcance y la oportunidad de conducir la estrategia de inversión, los siguientes dos pasos vienen cuando ya se realizó la adquisición, en el siguiente cuadro se muestra el proceso completo.

Modelo de ganancia rápida en el Proceso de Adquisición

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | | Ámbito de aplicación de la Oportunidad | Conducir la estrategia de inversión | Aplicar la estrategia | Coseche las devoluciones | Propósito | Destino de las industrias y las empresas que más se benefician del enfoque de mejoramiento de lucro: | Aproveche la experiencia del equipo para acelerar la adquisición y adecuada es-tructura: | Acelerar las mejoras de beneficio de la empresa aprovechando la expe-riencia: | Acelerar y ampliar la opor-tunidad de lograr una ma-yor rentabilidad para los inversionistas: | Acciones | * Industrias de pantalla basado en el mercado y el atractivo de inversión. * Industrias de pantalla basado en el ajuste estratégico con la méto-dología modelo de lucro. * Construir un modelo de utilidad que identifica el potencial de ganancias antes de la adquisición, aprovechando modelos de la industria de la plantilla cuando sea posible. | * Lleve a cabo el due diligence adicional me-diante el modelo de utilidad y experiencia del gestor. * Elevar y estructurar el capital para llevar a cabo la transacción. * Idear incentivos de gestión para impulsar los cambios operacionales. * Alinear los intereses de las partes interesadas, clave de toda mejora en las ganancias. | * Instalar el software de Costos ABC para identifi-car y capturar la mejora de las ganancias. * Participar activamente con el equipo directivo en la captura de valor y mejorar las operaciones. * Institucionalizar la ges-tión de beneficios en toda la organización. * Documentos y mejora el rendimiento del informe. | * Ser una empresa líder en el rendimiento y la rentabilidad operativa. * Cultivar las relaciones con múltiples canales de salida, industria con-solidada, agentes de bolsa, bancos y firmas de capital privado. | | | | | |
Paso 3: Aplicar la estrategia

El tercer paso, cuando el adquirente ha ganado el concurso de licitación para la empresa objetivo, es el más crítico. El comprador deberá trabajar con la dirección de la empresa para implementar una estrategia de entrega de utilidades. Después de haber construido un modelo de rentabilidad de alto nivel agiliza el proceso de cambio considerablemente. En primer lugar, todos los cambios parten de un modelo que generó pérdidas en las operaciones. La adquirente y la empresa adquirida deben estar en el mismo canal sobre los aspectos económicos de las operaciones actuales y construir la confianza para los cambios necesarios. El modelo de rentabilidad basado en datos crea una visión compartida en torno a la necesidad de cambio y donde los cambios son urgentes, así como la acción de mejora de los procesos, racionalización de productos, renegociación con clientes, tienen más probabilidades de transformar las operaciones no rentables en rentables.

Por lo general, las transformaciones en una o dos áreas clave, los proveedores, los procesos o los clientes son claves para el cambio a la tendencia de generar utilidades. Estas áreas pueden ser evaluadas y medidas, con periodicidad para monitorear el progreso de la empresa y asegurar que se mantenga enfocado en el cumplimiento de sus objetivos.

Paso 4: Coseche las devoluciones

En la cuarta etapa, la empresa desarrolla e instala un modelo de utilidades en Costos ABC para sus operaciones. El modelo da seguimiento a los cambios en la rentabilidad de diferentes líneas de productos, segmentos, clientes, etc., cuando la compañía implementa las estrategias la empresa se vuelve más competitiva y aumentan las ganancias; estos cambios crean nuevas circunstancias para transformar las operaciones no rentables en rentables, y que necesita la empresa para que en un futuro siga mejorando sus oportunidades para incrementar sus ganancias. Todo esto contribuye a una mejora continua del EBITDA, y con el tiempo la empresa adquirente puede posicionar a la empresa para revenderla a un inversionista permanente o hacer una oferta pública.

Conclusión

Un modelo de ganancia rápida con base en los Costos ABC, proporciona los compradores una nueva y poderosa herramienta para el proceso de Due Diligence. Los avances en las plantillas para cada tipo de industria, las tecnologías de la información y la innovación de los Costos ABC permiten a un comprador identificar rápidamente las debilidades clave y las palancas de cambio importantes para generar ganancias. Todos estos avances permiten al adquirente desarrollar un plan de creación de valor. Cuando una firma de capital privado adquiere una empresa, el modelo le ayuda a construir un apoyo para el cambio, facilitar la ejecución de las estrategias para empezar a generar ganancias y preparar a la empresa para hacer la competitiva y después revenderla. La construcción, análisis e implementación de un modelo de ganancia rápida se convierte en una línea de continuidad durante todo el ciclo de vida en la cartera de una firma de capital privado, asegurando la creación de valor real y específico para la misma firma y sus socios.

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