...Federalist Articles James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay were the authors of the federalist papers. James Madison was the principle author for article No 10 and article No 51. The immediate purpose for publishing these papers were to obtain support for the ratification of the Constitution, they wanted a diverse republic to prevent faction but with equality to maintain unity among the states. Madison addresses that a large faction will provide better representatives, since the cause of faction has been the unequal distribution of property. Those who have property versus those who don’t, have ever had different interest in society. He saw direct democracy as a danger to individual rights and addressed for a representative democracy to protect individual liberty from majority rule. In federalist No 10 Madison discusses to guard against factions, or groups of citizens, how the passion and interest of one group could mean a danger to the government. In article No 51 the purpose is for four aspects: Layered representation which is the people that are elected directly or indirectly to represent other people, Separation of powers are the three branches that make, and enforce the law; judicial, executive, and legislative branches, Checks and balancing is the ability of each branch to check the powers of the others so the power is balance in all three branches, and Federalism which is the existence of two governments, state and federal and both governments have dominance over...
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...“The essence of Government is power; and power, lodged as it must be in human hands, will ever be liable to abuse.”(Madison, 1787) The Federalists, writing under the pseudonym Publius, advocated a strong central government in the new nation. They argued against the Anti-Federalist writers like Brutus, whose ideas of an effective government resided with stronger state governments. Both views of the Federalists and the Anti-federalists were justified in unifying the newly emancipated American colonies. While there is much debate on who theoretically won the political battle that resulted in the ratification of the constitution in 1789, it is clear that the modern American government no longer represents James Madison ideals of a balanced federal...
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...bicentennial of the signing of the Constitution of the United States. This document, which has served as "the Supreme Law of the Land" for more than two centuries, is the world's oldest written constitution still in use (Bloom, 1987). The United States Constitution is a foundation of basic laws and principles that defines the rights of American and sets limits on what the government can and cannot do. It provides the framework for the National government and establishes a system by which responsibilities are divided between the national government and the states' governments. The first Constitution was the Articles of the Confederation. In this essay I will compare the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution, analyze the drafting of the Constitution, and compare the debate over ratification between Federalist and ant-Federalist. The Articles of Confederation, which were ratified in 1781, providing the first form of a national government in the United States. When the United States won its independence from England in 1781, a majority of Americans felt a stronger allegiance to their individual states than to their new country. Most people did not wish to create a strong national government, over which they felt they would have little or no control. The Articles gave each state a great deal of independence and represented little more than a “league of friendship” between the states. The primary purpose of the Articles was to establish a system by which the states...
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...The Federalist papers were written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. These were a series of eighty-five anonymous essays published in the New York newspapers. The main focus of the Federalist papers was to convince the people to ratify the proposed United States Constitution. During this time period, the people of the states were hesitant of the new written constitution. They were concerned that this new proposed form of government was going to be a too similar setup as to the King they had just fought a war to declare independence from. The states were also concerned that they were going to lose the majority of their powers to a declared and newly established federal government. The federalist papers were written with the intent of informing...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix D Two-Party Politics Part 1: Matrix Complete the matrix by describing the beliefs and ideals of each of the parties. Generate a list of at least 10 of President Jefferson’s decisions and actions. Decide which party’s ideals are most aligned with the decision or action and provide an explanation of why the decision or action aligns with that party. |Decisions and Actions |Democratic-Republican Party’s Beliefs and Ideals |Federalist Party’s Beliefs and Ideals | |Less formal White House, from parties and |These actions line up with the Democratic-Republican Party’s beliefs |The Federalist Party believed in keeping an air of elegance about the | |dress, to mode of transportation for the |because they were for less government, and definitely against creating |office of president, as well as maintaining a formal attitude in the White| |president. |another monarchy. Also, this party stood more for the lower classes. |House | |Jefferson repealed many taxes and reduced |These actions also line up with the Democratic-Republican Party’s beliefs |The Federalist’s were in favor of taxation, knowing that some form of | |the number of federal employees. |and ideals for small, weak government. Repealing taxes put the...
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... I am a supporter of the anti-federalist party. The anti-federalist took some of the ideas that the federalist had into consideration. Instead of abolishing or ignoring these ideas, they wanted to improve them. The anti-federalist and the federalist share two very opposing views. As you read this essay, you will gradually start to see just how my ideas are being supported as to why I've chosen to become an anti-federalist. The anti-federalist party was the first out of two political parties of the U.S. This party was led by Henry, George Mason and Samuel Adams alongside Richard Henry Lee who wanted the president and the senate to have the entire executive and 2/3 of the legislative power. As an anti-federalist, I believe that the constitution should not be ratified. I feel like the best way, that the U.S citizens should be protected is by being kept safe from the Government and the bill of rights will do that because of the freedom and liberty that it gives us. "The greatest importance for Freemen to retain themselves are the liberties given to us in the bill of rights", which is why it's so important that we'd add it to the constitution. In order to get the bill of rights to be in the constitution we'd need to sacrifice part of our natural rights, for the good of others around us. The anti-federalist believed that the constitution should have a bill of rights. The Anti-federalist opposed the constitution, while the federalist themselves favored it. The federalist's...
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...truths and rights as a citizen. This wasn’t always so. There had to be a Time before the Constitution and in that time it was a verbal war between those for it an against. The people who were for the Constitution were called Federalists. These people Understood that the Constitution that was being debated was highly important if not essential to the form of government the people desired. They were well organized men and women. Surprisingly they were less than half the population. Because of their organization and determinism they did end up winning the verbal war and the constitution was accepted and Ratified by all the states eventually. The Federalists procured victory over a long period of time however. It was a slow ongoing war. They were fighting against many people and sometimes almost whole states. The Process was laborious and harsh. It was back and forth and George Washington stated in his letter to Henry Knox, “Under the circumstances enumerated in your letters, the favorable decision, which has taken place in that State, could hardly have been expected. Nothing less than the good sense, sound reasoning, moderation, and temper of the supporters of the measure could have carried the question.” The Constitution was also important to the Federalists because the Articles of Confederation (what the colonists had before) only allowed the government limited Power. This meant a lot of the power went to the states and so the country as a whole wasn’t very united. The...
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...The Anti Federalists The Supporters of the Proposed Constitution Called Themselves Federalists They favored the creation of a strong federal government that shared power with the states federalist’s policies, emphasized commercial and diplomatic harmony with Britain, domestic order and stability and a strong national government under powerful executive and judicial branches. Their new solutions were a significant change of political beliefs in that period. Federalist paper 10 is thought of as the most famous and important federalist paper. Madison wrote about the problems with factions and interest groups. A common fear for the new government was that small groups or factions would compromise the integrity and stability of the government. Madison suggests a plan for a democracy that allows a vote per person, but also states the use of a republic, where citizens vote for delegates to make decisions for them. This is our modern day Congress, representative democracy. “A pure democracy can admit no cure for the mischief’s of faction. A common passion or interest will be felt by a majority, and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party. Hence it is, that democracies have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have, in general, been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths.” They see this as a way to protect from minority factions taking over the government but also as way...
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...in place. The Articles of Confederation led to the Constitution of the United States. Although similar in some aspects, very different in others. The articles had many weaknesses that were changed in the Constitution. There were many compromises made between the states in order to effectively draft the Constitution. Roger Sherman’s Plan kept the Constitutional Convention together which was later known as the Great Compromise. The fight for the Constitution had just begun and the ratification processes needed to take place. Even with some states being in favor of the Constitution it would take time to get the nine states needed to complete this process. The states in favor would called themselves The Federalist and those opposed were called the Anti-Federalist. The Federalist set out to change the mind of the remaining states with a series of letters that were written to newspapers. The Articles of Confederation were used as a base for the Constitution. The ideas from the Articles of Confederation were used in the writing of the Constitution. Both the Articles and the Constitution established “federal” systems of multiple sovereigns whose continued existence was constitutionally guaranteed. Despite the fact that both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution established federal systems, there were certain fundamental differences between the two systems. The Articles of Confederation gave states the power of federal government whereas the Constitution derived its authority...
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...Objectives: WEEK ONE SUBMITTED ____________________________________________________________________________________ WEEK TWO **Individual Assignment** 2. Resources: Ch. 6–10 of Colonial America and MyHistoryLab Write a 350- to 700-word essay response to each of the following questions: Question 1: How was trade in the New World a source of revenue for monarchies and for the colonies? Question 2: What are the similarities and differences between early colonial and contemporary American beliefs about religious freedom and tolerance? Question 3: Examine Bacon’s Rebellion or Leisler’s Rebellion and address the following questions: What were its causes and consequences? Do you think the rebellion is best viewed as a precursor to the revolutionary war or as an unrelated event? Cite at least one primary source in each of your short essays. Format your essays consistent with APA guidelines. Submit your essays in a single Microsoft® Word document. _____________________________________________________________________________________ WEEK THREE **INDIVDUAL ASSIGNMENT** 3. Resources: Ch. 11–19 of Colonial America and MyHistoryLab Write three 350- to 700-word letters; one written from the point of view of each of the following people: Letter 1: A merchant living in a New England urban center Letter 2: The wife of a religious leader living in Pennsylvania Letter 3: A plantation worker living in South Carolina ...
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...In American discourse separation of powers is more a name than a description. None of the three branches (legislative, executive, or judicial) of the national government are clearly separate from one another. Congress, for example, has an impeachment club to check the others; the president's veto power is plainly legislative in nature. No wonder James Madison in The Federalist, no. 47, undertook to answer the Anti‐Federalist charge that “The several departments of power are [not separated but] blended in such a manner as at once to destroy all symmetry and beauty of form, and to expose some of the essential parts of the edifice to the danger of being crushed by the disproportionate weight of other parts.” Madison's answer was that Montesquieu—the “oracle” of separation—did not mean that “departments ought to have no partial agency in, or control over, the acts of each other.” He meant rather that “the whole power of one department [should not be] exercised by the same hands which possess the whole power of another department.” The merit of “blending,” according to Madison, was that, along with bicameralism and federalism, it produced a safety net of “checks and balances.” A crucial problem is that split power inevitably entails split accountability. No wonder then that so many difficulties in American government spring ultimately from its divided power system. In contrast, the parliamentary system seeks safety in clear, direct lines of electoral accountability—and less in a...
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...The Confederation and the Constitution | | | | | Shortly after Thomas Jefferson penned the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the delegates at the Second Continental Congress agreed that a new government was necessary to govern the now-independent colonies. After much debate, they drafted and adopted the Articles of Confederation in 1777. Although the Articles were not officially ratified until 1781, they served as the actual constitution until that time. Under the authority of the Articles, the states created a national Congress comprised of annually elected delegates from all thirteen states. Each state had one vote in Congress, and, in most cases, decisions were made based on majority rule. The National Congress’ powers over the states were specific and definite: it had the sole power to negotiate treaties, declare war, and make peace. It also reserved the right to maintain an army and navy and regulated interaction with Native Americans in the West. The delegates also granted Congress the power to resolve interstate disputes, grant loans, print money, and operate a national postal system. Eventually, Congress was also authorized to govern western territories until they achieved statehood. All powers not granted to Congress were reserved for state governments. Congress had no power to levy taxes. For example, it could only request that the individual states raise revenue to cover their share of national expenses. Furthermore, any amendments made to the Articles...
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...Bill Of Rights In 1791, the Bill of Rights, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The document’s purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalists—whose memory of British oppression was still fresh in their minds—wanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the ‘Cenitnal Essays,’ which “assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of...
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...of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican principles and states’ rights. The Federalists met strong opposition from Anti-Federalists, especially in Virginia and New York, but through effective organization and argument, they succeeded in getting the Constitution ratified. By establishing the new national government, the Federalists checked the Revolutionary values of the popular republican government. Terms/names/topics:...
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...first time on May 10, 1775 less than one month after the battles of Lexington and concord. On July 4 1776 the colonies declared independence of the United States from Great Britain. Each state would have to give up some of its power the states were afraid of giving up control for the government had had too much control in Britain. Daniel shays was a farmer rebellion leader and helped demand for help from new England. The first meeting was held in Philly on of the groups were feds and the other anti-feds. Virginia Plan Proposals 1. Legislature - bicameral (two houses of Congress) 2. Both houses based on population 3. Lower house - elected by the people 4. Upper house - elected by lower house 5. Three branches - executive, judicial, legislative6. Judicial and executive - both could veto laws 7. Congress could force a state to abide by federal laws. Smaller states objected to Proposal 2 of the Virginia Plan. It called for both houses of Congress to be based on population. The small states believed the large states would have too many representatives in both houses of Congress. The smaller states developed another proposal called the New Jersey Plan. New Jersey Plan Proposals 1. Unicameral (one house) legislature - all states equal. 2. Federal government - slightly increased power 3. Plural executive - elected by Congress 4. only one federal court The first attempt at self-government under the Articles of Confederation was ineffective. The Anti-Federalists wanted strong state...
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