...“Female Foeticide” in India Female foeticide is the illegal practice of killing a foetus which is determined as a female. Female foeticide is prevalent in our country as a major social evil. The patriarchal social structure of India gives a secondary position to women. Social belief goes that the family runs through a male and hence the birth of a male child in the family is imminent to the carrying forward of its generation. Social discrimination and the preference for sons have given rise to the rate of social sex determination. Even some medical practitioners are making high incomes by determining pre-natal sex of the child and aborting foetus on the will of the parents. The practice is unlawful and demands strict punishment in form of fine or jail to the person requesting abortion of the unborn girl child as well as to the practitioner who gets the sex determined. Some kind of complications in pregnancy can also demand surgical termination of pregnancy after eight weeks of conception. This is where the termination or abortion is legal and doctors may have to suggest and opt for discontinuance of pregnancy for the sake of health of the mother carrying the unborn child. However, the technique of surgical termination is misused by some people in getting rid of the female foetus. Some people intentionally get the sex determined of the unborn child by using the technique of ultrasound and if it is determined as female foetus, they get removal done by surgery. Many societies...
Words: 757 - Pages: 4
...Acer | Gender Violence | A case study on female infanticide and foeticide in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India | | Peace and conflict studies | Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Theory 3 2.1 Galtung’s violence triangle and structural violence and cultural violence 3 2.2 Gender Theory 5 2.3 Human rights 7 2.4 Women’s rights 8 2.5 Consumerism 10 2.6 Conflict resolution conflict transformation 10 3.0 Female infanticide and foeticide—background and case study 11 4.0 Discussion 16 4.1 Galtung and the violence triangle 16 4.2 Cultural violence 17 4.3 Structural violence 17 4.3 Conflict resolution 20 4.4 Conflict transformation. 21 5.0 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 25 7.0 Appendix 28 1.0 Introduction In 1991, UNICF reported that, due to foeticide, as many as 40 or 50 million girls are missing from the Indian population – a number which constitutes about five percent of the total population. The 'missing girls' is a huge problem in India today – some villages does not even have women at all. (Subhra Singh, The Times of India feb. 8th 2011, from the cencus in 2001) Sex selection in India is at a growing rate, and according to the census held in 2001, the sex ratio (number of females per thousand males) shows that there are great varieties in the numbers – from the lowest, with 591 (Daman) to the highest, Pondicherry, which has 1,147 females per 1000 males. The average sex ratio for whole of India the same year was 927 to 1000...
Words: 9680 - Pages: 39
...development and building good governance Koffi Annan Introduction Indian culture is centuries old. In Vedic Age Indian Women enjoyed a high status in the home as well as outside. After the Vedic Period women status decreased step by step, due to social economical, ad political changes of the later centuries. Women lost their position in education, and other fields. Consequently evil customs such as purdha, Sati, child Marriage, polygamy, ad enforced widowhood crept in and the women’s status in the home and outside. Different social reformers has played key role for women upliftment. Sex Ratio Sex ratio, defined as the number of females per thousand males is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equality between males and females in a society at a given point of time. The sex ratio in the country had always remained unfavourable of females....
Words: 1849 - Pages: 8
...both in western and oriental thought, the pages of History are repleted with various names presenting a golden picture of women in different phases of History. To illustrate, Sita, Damyanti, Savitri, Kunti, Draupadi,Gargi, Maitreyi, Laxmibai, Chand bibi, Sarojini Naidu, Indira Gandhi, Kiran Bedi, Kalpana Chawla, Medha Patkar,Vandana Shiva etc. but this presents only one side of the story, shedding light on the half truth. The other side presents a very gloomy picture relegating the notion that ‘The present century belongs to women’ to the dust. Genesis of Problem: A chill runs down our spine when cases of a number of callous and inhuman practices prevailing in several countries impinging on females flashed nearly everyday in newspapers, or channels. Instances of female infanticide, foeticide, sex-abuse, sex-tourism, molestation, domestic-violence, immoral trafficking, dowry, bride-burning are enough to set whirlpools of fear in our blood. All this compels us to turn our eyes and ears to Lamartine words that there is a woman at the beginning of all great things. Then the question is- why the worse is inflicted to the initiator of greatest things? Demure, diffident, soft, sensitive-these words have epitomised feminity since time immemorial. A woman is a sacrifice personified. This creation of misconception about women’s fragility, delicacy, and feminine charm has been furthered by poetry, literature and sculpture. Secondly, our society has been mired in tradition for so long that...
Words: 1565 - Pages: 7
...that a society considers as a proper behavior and attitude for its male and female population. However, not every time are both gender treated equally, especially the minority group – women. From one of the article I did my researched on, it says that in India, girls can’t seem to win. Even though India is on the advance, culture, economics, demographics, education and reproductive systems all play a part on how girls are valued, or not, in India. Different countries have different culture. And in the case of India, sons, not daughter, are more valued as in certain religious rites, the son are permitted to contribute economically to the family and to take care of the parents in old age. Wealthy family desirous of one or two children uses sex selection abortion to insure the birth of a son, as do poorer families who cannot afford multiple dowries. In India custom, the girl parents have to pay for the dowries instead of the guy parent. So, in order for the poorer families to not pay for multiple dowries, they would aim to have a son instead of a daughter. They feel that having a son would be beneficial to them as it is liken to receiving an asset if a girl is married into their families. Thus, for the wealthy to get wealthier, they would of course prefer a son. However, due to the value of boy over girl, India has a skewed sex ratio of more male than female. This is due to the increase of female foeticide, neglect of a girl child and sex selection abortion. As quoted from the article...
Words: 778 - Pages: 4
...Domestic Violence: With the growth and development of social living standard domestic violence is a regular feature. This situation can be changed if women can be empowered and she can look after herself in the society. Factors Influencing Women Empowerment The following are some of the factor which influences women empowerment.(Panda, 2017) 1. Gender Discrimination: It is one of the major factors which influence women empowerment of our country. The ratio between male and female has been reduced to a great extent. The traditional belief of male child is the successor of the family is an asset and the female child is meant for other family and is a liability. This mentality affects the women empowerment situation in our country. 2. Ambition for achievement: There is general notation that women are less ambitious. Ambition in women is considered a social taboo. This character makes them to be dependent to male in the society. 3. Social status:The Indian society has been divided into different segments on the basis of caste, religion, economic status, culture,family background, status etc . On the basis of this social status, women suffer a lot due to social discrimination. It is a major factor for which women empowerment is necessary in our...
Words: 1291 - Pages: 6
...Deloitte & Touches’ revolutionary implementation of Women’s Initiative, serves as one of the most transformational changes any company has ever seen. Deloitte thought women were leaving their company in order to fulfill their wifely and motherly duties. The truth of the matter is they left due to not being considered for partnership roles. When CEO Mike Cook at the time realized the significant impact it was having on the business, he implemented a two day intensive workshop for “the Retention and Advancement of Women”. Implementing Women’s Initiative led to a solid foundation surrounded by an environment full of support and development of not just women but men as well. In reading the Women’s Initiative Annual report I felt that women as buyers (WAB) serve as an advancement towards this movement. Currently women account for 85% of all consumer purchases. Deloitte recognized that women executives within the marketplace were increasing. Currently Deloitte is offering a WAB workshop to its professionals in order to better understand the way women process there purchasing decisions. Such examples of how women provided a trusting relationship amongst their clients by providing personal life stories and their way of paying close attention to detail. The WAB has provided other lessons as well for both men and women: 1. Women have a tendency to sit “ face to face” where are men seat beside themselves and consider their mail client “ Right-hand man” 2. Women...
Words: 462 - Pages: 2
...In her article “Between the Sexes, A Great Divide”, Anna Quindlen shows us the differences between the genders, and the divide that exists between them, which starts from the first high school dance, where boys and girls are far away from each other, and all the game is about who is going to do the first move. I mainly agree with Quindlen, but there are some points that I have a different opinion, such as the conclusion is which the writer comes. Only one thing is certain• there are not only differences between men and women, but there are also between ages. The first thing I agree with, is that this gap between the genders is something real. Children, from young age, try all the time to come closer to the other gender, and most of the times, without a good result. It is not the fact that they cannot communicate, but the fact that they are so afraid to make the first move, that they end up saying irrelevant things, which do not help the conversation. The writers says that all of us have the memory of “the first boy-girl” party, in which memory there are boys on one side, and girls on the other. That it totally true. Once I read it, the memory came to my mind very clearly. We all had the same experience in our life, and there are always the shy people, and the braver to make the first move. And in fact, children who used to approach the other gender, had the greater acceptance. So, it is demonstrated that there are nothing to be afraid of the relationships with the other gender...
Words: 809 - Pages: 4
...Girls tend not to take enough of an active role in sport both in school and in adult life. Why is this so? How could girls and women be encouraged to take a more active role in sport? Use reasons and examples from your own experience to explain your answer. Sport is important for everybody, especially for girls who are generally less active than boys. There is barrier that makes girls tend not to take enough of an active role in sport both in school and in adult life. Popular sport dominated by men. Football, basketball boxing or Motorsport is exactly to be male dominated. That make the barrier to participation in sport is that sport itself. I believe that popular sport has been defined, organized, promoted as a male activity. For example, some women/girls are turned off sport altogether because they see it as a male dominated activity. It is just not seen as feminine to be interested in sport and for many girls, being sporty is felt to be odds with being feminine. Women and girls are often reminded of this male domination by others who are surprised to see them participating or competing in sport. Working in a sector where they are a minority can make them feel that they don’t belong. They tend to prefer the social aspects of physical activity like having fun and making friends. So it is very important to find the right sport for girls, because a girl is not participating in a sport she likes, she probably cannot stick with it. Girls must find out what she likes to do and...
Words: 346 - Pages: 2
...for 12-25 years olds 3. Fusion of primary growth centers in skull * will work from fetal to about 6 years old 4. Dental development and eruption Adults 1. Pubic symphysis * middle picture young person (under 25 years old) * right picture surface is pitted, eroded (at least 60 years old) 2. Auricular surface * last picture smooth surface, outline is crisp (person no more than 35) * middle picture surface is wavy, outline is rigged (person about 50-60 years old) 3. Cranial suture closure * as you get older, the squiggly lines cannot be seen anymore 4. Palatal sutures * can be helpful for 25-50 year olds Sex Determination * females pelvis adapted for birth (95-97% accuracy) * male on the left and female on the right * female has much wider hip bones and bigger opening Sex Determination * Skull: males more robust, muscle marked * All population specific Ex. Dutch woman vs Italian man * Skull on left = male; right = woman * Less accurate than pelvis (about 90%) Trauma * Bone injury caused by outside force * May be caused by *...
Words: 372 - Pages: 2
...cultures, beliefs, behaviors and family history. As student’s I believe we all have something new to offer a classroom environment. Improvement is the key subject in collaborating as a group or team. • How might factors such as diversity, attitude, learning, and work styles affect collaboration? Some aspects in diversity that may affect collaboration are language barriers. Some people that do not speak the English language and write it as well as others might feel intimated. Being multicultural is one that might cause others to look at a person with a judgmental view. Even though we should not react in a racial way, there are still a lot of people that discriminate due to their race, sexual preferences, gender and even height. As females and males I believe we all can do what it takes to accomplish the task given to us. I believe...
Words: 580 - Pages: 3
...In the galleries above, I was taken from room to room and looked over rather carelessly. After lifting my eyelids with a button hook, a young man with a military bearing saw that I had no trachoma. Someone else made me cough and breath. I had to take off my clothes and turn around several times. In another room, a big fat man asked if I could bend over. “Why?” I asked in turn, thinking that the only reason he wanted to know was because he himself would never be able to do such a thing. “Is it that everyone who comes to America has to be able to bend over?” “Yes,” he said. “What for?” “Because when we sing our national anthem, we bend over. Now do it or I’ll send you back to Serbia.” “I on’t come from Serbia,” I protested. “Exactly,” he said. “But if I want to, I can ship you yhere, so you’d better do as I tell you.” I bent over and was passed on to the next room. There, a pretty young woman with cold eyes asked me if I knew how to read and write. “Of course,” I said. “What languages?” she asked. When I replied, “ Hebrew, Yiddish, Russian, German and French –and English, as you can seen,” she got very suspicious and asked me what I did for a living. “I write books,” I said. Little did I know that in America no one ever believes this. She looked at me the way one looks at a madman. “What kind of books?” she asked sharply, closing one eye and squinting with the other. “Stories,” I replied pompously, “essays, dissertations on Biblical poetry, political science, et cetera...
Words: 460 - Pages: 2
...In the satire of the sexes, Egalia’s Daughters by Gerd Brantenberg, there is put forth a society different from which has ever been present in modern times. This would be a society where women were at the forefront and did the decision making, worked and held governmental positions. The men were portrayed in the way females live in present society, though it was often exaggerated to make that point. Men were dominated and ruled by women and had to do their bidding and cook for them and take care of the children, so on and so forth. By taking a hard look at how sexuality is imagined and experienced on all analytical levels and picking apart the social construction of gender in Egalia’s Daughters, society itself in the present can start to be unraveled as well. What is found in this book can transfer over to a point and parallel itself with present experiences of women and their struggle for equality, recognition and acknowledgement. In order to fully analyze the sexes in this book, the micro, meso and macro levels need to be looked at individually to observe where sexuality is imagined and experienced by both genders. On the micro level, the sexes are very different from one another in this book. The women are expected to be large in weight and wear pants and shirts. The men are often wearing skirts and blouses with a contraption called a peho which holds their genitals in place. This can be compared with a bra to women in society today. When Patronius Bram has to buy his first...
Words: 332 - Pages: 2
...Hence, since the parents grew the child as a girl and other feminine characteristics, the child would develop as if he were born a girl. (he would have adjusted perfectly as a girl) 2. According to the nurture theory, predict the gender identity Bruce would express if he were not subjected to gender re-assignment surgery and raised as a boy? (A gender identity is ones private sense of being a man or a female, and consists primarily of the acceptance of membership in a particular group of people: male or female. Basic gender identity is usually formed by age three and is extremely difficult to change after that. All societies have a set of gender categories that can serve as the basis of the formation of a social identity in relation to other members of society. In most societies, there is a basic division between gender attributes assigned to males and females. In all societies, however, some individuals do not identify with the gender that is assigned to their biological sex.) Answer: Gender identity is an individual's remote sense of being either a male or female. If Bruce had not done gender reassignment surgery he would have developed as a male. Although his genitalia was severely damaged and concluded as dysfunctional, he would still possess he testicles. The testicles is the site where testosterone is produced, the hormone that would yield...
Words: 365 - Pages: 2
...Martha M. Lauzen, David M. Dozier, and Nora Horan, the three authors explore male and female roles on popular television shows on major broadcasting networks for the purpose of determining statistically whether or not normal male and female stereotypes are conveyed in prime-time television. Throughout this article, the authors make an argument they think is important, but in all reality, most readers would not find this information important enough to hold their full attention due to the complicated wording, biased examples, and the very repetitive information. The authors begin the article with a brief abstract which summarizes what it is the readers can expect from their article. The article is broken down into sections which separate the different topics that the authors are discussing. On the top of page 203 in the article, the authors clearly state, “Building on this previous research, the current study examines whether female and male characters continue to inhabit traditionally sex-typed roles. Such analysis is important in light of the fact that popular press accounts regularly boast about the rapid evolution of the portrayals of gender in prime-time” (Lauzen, Dozier, Horan p.203). When constructing their research, the authors used a variety of different sources to attempt to make their point clear to the reader including past and more current studies. The sources include many female writers who explain how their field is dominated by males, and these firsthand sources...
Words: 1100 - Pages: 5
