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Field Survey

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Submitted By FeliceSchwartz
Words 604
Pages 3
Felice Schwartz
Ms. North
IB Environmental Science I
September 23, 2013 Field Survey Project

A. Defining the Problem 1. Run off is the indicator 2. The runoff affects the Chesapeake Bay because it brings pollution into it. It carries contaminants from land such as nitrogen and bacteria. This then creates algae, which deprives the bay of oxygen. It also clouds the water and in turn restricts the amount of sunlight in the water, which limits the growth of grasses. Ultimately creating an unstable environment in the bay and kills the life that lives there. 3. Healthy system: RainDrainage Systems Heavily forested area with high grasseslimited runoffHealthy Bay

Unhealthy system: RainDrainage systemsImpervious surfaceRunoff from the surface into the storm drainsstorm drains give off into the bayBay is unhealthy from excessive runoff. 

B. Data Collection Qualitative | Bare soil | Landscape | Drainage systems | | Quantitative | Measure in cm^2 | Percentages taking of different land use | Count how many | |

C. Data Processing 1. The mathematical formula used was Q= (C)(i)(A). The calculated results of the formula were Q= .89x3x3.2, Q=8.54. 2. The uncertainties that exist in our formula are that some of the components are our own estimations and therefore the validity of them is uncertain. 3. The estimated effect is that our calculation could be about .2 off. We got this effect because we calculated a different Q using slightly different percentages for the C component. It was .5 higher. Then we used a larger value for the i variable, since we estimated a lower one before, it was .3 larger. Then we subtracted the .3 from the .5 to come up with .2. 4. This estimated affect in projected improvement is that if we were to calculate all over again and compare with other classes it would lead to a big improvement. This would create a more accurate observation of Runoff. D. Conclusion
1. The importance of our indicator is that it is essential that we do not allow too much runoff into the Bay. Runoff directly leads into the Chesapeake Bay if it flows into and then off of impervious surfaces. This runoff creates in unstable bay with runoff including too much nutrients or other harmful substances. If the runoff is limited the bay will be healthier since it will not have bad substances flowing into it.
2. The weaknesses of our data and mathematical formula lie in the fact that it is the group’s job to assign percentages and apply any estimation to the formula, therefore it could be slightly wrong. The C component of the formula has been calculated first by my group and I assigning percentages to each type of land, therefore our judgment could be slightly incorrect. Also the i variable for average rainfall intensity in inches per hour was a value that we estimated from 3.3 in/hr. to 3 in/hr. because we felt from our own observations it was closer to the latter value. The third data processing weakness is City’s total acre was also an estimation and not an exact value. This leads to our formula again being slightly wrong from estimations and not exact values. Our margin of error from this is that our value is about .2 too low from the correct Q value. The limitations of our data collection were that we could not fully observe the whole school, that we may not have noticed every storm drain, and that we did not observe the school on a rainy day. All three of these limits how well we can make estimations. Therefore our calculation may be slightly off.

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