...File Access File restrictions and file access are common place for almost any company that operates with any sort of database / file management system. In this case we have 5,000 users, but only want to allow 4,990 of those user to access a certain file. Of course that first that that pops into the minds of most database administrators would be grouping. Of course just saying that does not mean that it is that simple of a task. There are also other variables that must be taken into account. Someone has to be the "owner" of the file, and we could assume that a certain amount of users will need to be able to edit the file. So even though we have a group set up for this file, there are other layers of groups that would need to be considered. So then you think maybe just restrict the 10 left over users from that file, sounds like a simple solution. But then you still run into problems with file ownership and editing ability. According to Stallings (2012), most UNIX systems depend on, or at least are based on, the file access control scheme introduced with the early versions of UNIX. Each UNIX user is assigned a unique user identification number (user ID). A user is also a member of a primary group, and possibly a number of other groups, each identified by a group ID. When a file is created, it is designated as owned by a particular user and marked with that user’s ID. It also belongs to a specific group, which initially is either its creator’s primary group, or the group of its...
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...Unix File Access The Outlandish Shirt Printers is a solid company that has an organizational system that supports 5000 users. The company has a file that 10 of the users do not need to have access to. There are two ways to specify the protections scheme in Unix to ensure that 4,990 users have access to this file. This goal can be achieved by setting up access control list and groups. Outlandish Shirt Printers is also looking for a suggestion for another more effective protective scheme than the one provided by Unix. Access Control Lists and Groups The first protection scheme in Unix to allow 4,990 of the companies users access to this file is to set up an access control list. Access Control Lists allow more control over file permissions than the general Unix file permissions. Access Control Lists enable higher file security by defining file permissions for specific users, groups, owner, and owner’s group. ACL’s also give the ability to set default permissions for all of the categories. The protection provided by Unix only allows read, write, and execute permission for ower, group, or other system users (Softpanorama, 2013). To ensure that the 10 not given permissions to access file the company will create an access control list with the names of the 4,990 users that do have access to the file. Another way to establish that 4,990 users have access to the file is to set up a group. Gilman (2013) “The concept of groups in Unix is related to the permissions placed upon...
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...PROCEDURES FOR CONDUCTING PRACTICAL ICT TESTS The Supervisor A suitably competent supervisor, who may be the candidates’ tutor, is responsible for the administration of the practical tests according to these instructions. The supervisor is responsible for the preparation of the hardware and software for the test. Timetabling of the Practical Tests CIE does not timetable the practical tests in the same way as most IGCSE and AS & A Level written papers. The IGCSE and AS & A Level timetable will specify a period within which candidates must take the two practical tests for each syllabus. Within this period, Centres may conduct the practical tests at any convenient time or times. Candidates must complete each practical test in a single session. Wherever possible, candidates from the same Centre should sit their assessment at the same time. If more than one session is necessary to accommodate all candidates, these sessions should follow on from each other. However, Centres do not need to sequester candidates until other candidates have taken the test. When arranging examination dates, Centres should take into account the time needed to set up the system and should allow contingency planning (e.g. to reschedule examination times due to possible hardware failure) wherever possible. Preparation for the Practical Tests Before the candidates take a practical test, the supervisor must work through a past/specimen paper, using the hardware and software that the candidates will be using...
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...points that the company should follow. Their main purpose was to make textbooks affordable and available for online access to all students and save them paying lots of money for hard copy books. After many professors and college teachers adopted this way of textbook access, it shows how successful their planning is and work on it to make it more convenient. 2. What competitive advantages does Flat World Knowledge possess? Flat World Knowledge possesses many competitive advantages. One of them is the ability to offer a huge variety of textbooks in an online version with unlimited access to all of the students. Doing so will exclude the factor of lack of supply of the textbook at the book store and eliminate waiting time to have the book. In addition, the fact that they are providing these textbooks at a reduced cost from the actual manufacture cost gave FWK a huge advantage against their competitors in the textbook market. 3. What are Flat World Knowledge’s key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats? Talking about FWK strengths is represented by its easy access, up-to-date revisions, personalized learning strategies and cheap access. With respect to its weakness, we should mention that FWK will no longer have free access to the books online due to the 30 million dollar investment. With respect to the opportunities, students find online access as more convenient and such a cheap alternative. Also it makes it better with the variety of versions...
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...This customer data file is for 60,000 customer records in the restaurant category. Clean up the data: As with most customer data files, there is incomplete information. Address how you handle incomplete data. (I suggest completely eliminating records in Acquisition Channel with “NULL” or “Uncategorized”.) Also eliminate any records with blank in Ethnicity. Note in Ethnicity African-Americans is also coded as Afr. Am. so these two should be combined. In Age of Kids there are cells coded as Pre-teen &? I suggest combining with “Age Mix” or “Preteen & Teenagers”. After cleaning up the file, we are left with 26,352 records which should still be an adequate sample size.) Questions for analysis: 1. Calculate the profitability of each customer. Assume the average Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) for all vouchers (with promotional discounts factored in) is 20% of the total revenue. Assume the average one-time Cost per Acquisition (CPA) for each channel is: $12 for Advertising, $10 for Affiliate, $5 for Email, $8 for ILS, $7 for Paid Search and $5 for Social Media. Assume there are no additional costs. You may find the Excel VLOOKUP function helpful for this (https://support.office.com/en-sg/article/VLOOKUP-function-0bbc8083-26fe-4963-8ab8-93a18ad188a1). 2. What does the “average” ECB.com customer look like? Is the “average” customer desirable or undesirable? Why? 3. Describe each segment (new, engaged, lapsed, inactive). How much revenue does each segment...
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... When to use standard I/O (A) When working with disk or terminal files (B) When you need to fetch file metadata [a] (C) None (D) All the above 2. Difference between getc and fgetc (a) fgetc can be implemented as macro, where as getc cannot be implemented as macro (b) getc can be implemented as macro, where as fgetc cannot be implemented as a macro [b] (c) getc is used to write a character and fgetc to read a character (d) fgetc to write a character and getc to read a character 3. rewinddir returns (a) 0 (b) -1 [c] (c) no value (d) error (4) The functions which change the execution mode of the program from user mode to kernel mode are known as (a)...
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...Introducing Transaction Log Files Each SQL Server 2000 database has at least one transaction log file and can have multiple transaction log files spread across a number of disks. Each transaction log file is a separate operating system file and is used by only one database. Each transaction log file generally has the .ldf filename extension (this extension is not required). Each transaction log has a logical filename that is used in Transact-SQL statements and a physical filename that is used by the Windows operating system. Additional file properties include the file ID number, initial file size, file growth increment (if any), and maximum file size. Unlike data files that contain pages, transaction log files contain a series of transaction log records. A sequential log sequence number (LSN) identifies each transaction log record. Regardless of the number of physical log files, SQL Server 2000 treats the transaction log as one continuous log. SQL Server 2000 logically divides each physical transaction log file into a number of virtual log files (VLFs). The number and size of virtual log files are determined dynamically based on the size of each transaction log file. Each transaction log file has at least two VLFs. Each growth increment (if any) is treated as a separate physical file with its own VLFs. The number or size of VLFs cannot be configured or set directly by the database administrator. SQL Server 2000 tries to maintain a small number of virtual file logs because it operates...
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...File Management The File System Manager (also called the File Manager or File Management System) is the software responsible for creating, deleting, modifying, and controlling access to files – as well as for managing the resources used by the files. The File Manager provides support for the libraries of programs and data to online users, for spooling operations, and for interactive computing. These functions are performed in collaboration with the I/O Manager or Device Manager. ➢ Responsibilities of the File System Manager: The File System Manager has a complete job. It’s in charge of the system’s physical components, its information resources, and the policies used to store and distribute the files. To carry out its responsibilities, it must perform these four tasks: 1. Keep track of where each file is stored. 2. Use a policy that will determine where and how the files will be stored, making sure to efficiently use the available storage space and provide efficient access to the files. 3. Allocate each file when a user has been cleared for access to it, then record its use. 4. Deallocate the file when the file is to be returned to storage, and communicate its availability to others who may be waiting for it. The File System Manager’s policy determines where each file is stored and how the system, and its users, will be able to access them simply – via commands that are independent from device details. In addition, the policy must...
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...of time to first one process and then the next, sharing the available time in sequence with waiting processes (Nagpal, 2009). Unix can run in either command line interface, CLI, or graphic user interface or GUI mode. A key and unique feature of Unix is that it has a modular design which allows parts of the system to be added or removed without affecting performance of the other parts making Unix systems highly customizable. Unix operating systems have four core components, (1) the kernel, (2) the shell, (3) the file system, and (4) the utilities or tools and applications (Love et al, 2005). The kernel is the lowest layer of the operating system that controls computer resources and allocates them to system users and tasks. The shell is the next layer and is a command line interpreter that enables the user to interact with the system. Shells are used to directly administer and run the system. The file system allows users to view, organize, secure and interact with the files and directories stored on the system and storage devices. Unix...
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...players in the operating systems market are UNIX®/Linux®, Mac®, and Microsoft® Windows® with Windows® holding the largest market share (Boitor & Brătucu, 2011). These three operating systems are capable of multi-processing and have similar capabilities; however, and it is important to compare and contrast how they handle memory management, process management, file management, and security, which are critical system functions. Discussing memory management, which is a vital component in operating systems, is first. Memory Management Memory management refers to the way a system makes use of the computer’s RAM (Random Access Memory). Many of the operating systems in use on computer systems have positives and negatives in their use of memory attributes. “Memory management is usually divided into three areas: hardware, operating system, and application…although the distinctions are a little fuzzy. In most computer systems, all three are present to some extent, forming layers between the user's program and the actual memory hardware” (Ravenbrook Limited, 2001, p. 1). There are several types of memory, including main memory, file system memory, and swap space (Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide, 2012). How each of these types of memory is used is dependent on the OS (operating system). The kernel for instance, is a combination of the RAM, CPU (Central Processing Unit), and I/O (Input/Output) devices. UNIX®/Linux® systems use several complex algorithms for memory management, which...
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...VBScript IP File Lab Objectives In this lab, students will complete the following objectives. * Create a VBScript program using NotePad++. * Write a two-dimensional array of IP addresses to a text file. * Read the IP Addresses text file into a script. * Append new Room/PC/IP address data to the text file. * Use the object Scripting.FileSystemObject. Lab Diagram During your session you will have access to the following lab configuration. Connecting to your lab For this lab, we will only need to connect to Vlab-PC1. * Vlab-PC1 To start simply click on the named Workstation from the device list (located on the left hand side of the screen) and click Power on in the tools bar. In some cases the devices may power on automatically. During the boot up process an activity indicator will be displayed in the name tab. * Black—Powered Off * Orange—Working on your request * Green—Ready to access If the remote console is not displayed automatically in the main window (or popup) click the Connect icon located in the tools bar to start your session. If the remote console does not appear please try the following option. * Switch between the HTML 5 and Java client versions in the tools bar. In the event this does not resolve your connectivity problems, please visit our Help/Support pages for additional resolution options. Task 1: Create the IP_FileWrite.vbs Program Note: All captures must be text only—DO NOT capture the NotePad++...
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...most general purpose operating systems provide support for USB devices, and it is relatively easy to develop applications in C that access such peripherals. Linux operating system do not provide remote access through USB between different machines .Here we utilize its high bandwidth to transfer files between machines using USB without using any network cables. 1.2 Objectives The USB remote file access allows high speed transferring of files between two machines. 1.3 USB Cable Fig 1.1 A USB Cable 1.4 Advantages Of Using USB Cable for Remote Access • Transfer files between two PCs (or three PCs using two cables) • Fully compliant with USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 • USB 2.0 High-speed performance with data transfer rate of over 15 Mbps • No external power needed (Bus powered from either USB port) • Low power consumption • Supports suspend and resume for power management • Supports remote wake-up • Terrific for laptop/notebook to desktop file transfers. 1.5 Module Overview This project mainly contain two parts 1.Kernel Module (USB driver) 2.User Interface 1. Kernel Module In this module we create a device driver for USB direct link cable which is used to connect between two systems. The driver is designed in such a way that it should be efficient and simple to the Linux operating system. The files are transmitted using file transmission protocol. The low level system call...
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...UNIX for DBA`s Author: Sandeep Akkasani 1. INTODUCTION TO UNIX 1.1 Single-User Systems The personal computer (PC) is a small General-purpose system that can execute programs to perform a wide variety of tasks. The PC, however, was designed for use by one person at a time, that is, it is Single-User oriented with MS-DOS as the de facto standard operating system for this range of machines. Single user systems became very popular due to the low cost hardware and wide range of software available for these machines. 1.2 Multi-User Systems As opposed to single-user systems there are also larger systems, which more than one person can use at any time. Such systems are referred to as multi-user systems. Multi-user systems would be required when a number of applications have to be run simultaneously, or common resources, like printers and disks, are to be shared by a number of users. 1.3 Hardware – Multi-User Systems While the hardware components of a multi-user system are similar to that of a singleuser system, the following differences should be noted. The CPU of a multi-user system is more powerful and has capabilities to support multi-programming and multi-tasking, two features essential for multi-user systems. The Hard disk of a multi-user system is bigger in capacity. Most multi-user systems use magnetic tape as external storage for backup of software. Single-user systems use floppies as the backup device. This is because multi-user ...
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...4. Windows XP uses a simple file sharing by default, which restricts control over who has access to a shared folder or file. 5. Parent folders use inherited permissions which are obtained from the parent folder. 6. A folder can be shared on the network when the permissions for a remote user is set. These permissions are called share permissions. 7. To change the permissions for all 10 folders, you must go into you’re settings and click advanced. And edit the advanced security settings. 8. For windows XP to be able to share its resources, you must enable two services. Client for Microsoft networks and the print sharing services. 9. If you are changing permissions of a folder that was created by another user, try taking ownership of the folder. So you are granted access. 10. A shared folder whose names ends with a $ is called a hidden share. 11. It is possible to use administrative shares when folders are shared by default on a network that administrator’s accounts can assess. 12. By using the EFS certificate it is required to decrypt the files. Although the drive holding the encrypted file or folders must use the NTFS file system. 13. The commands to decrypt a file is cipher/d C:/filename.ext. 14. You can use the certmgr.msc console to launch the certificate manager console. 15. You can use the file extension a .cer file without a private key and a .pfx for file with private key. 16. If you cannot access you’re encrypted after a new...
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... which work behind the scenes, to the application servers which give life to your advertising dreams. I have prescribed an active directory schema that will require effortless management. I have proposed a File and Sharing implementation that suites a growing enterprise as well as state of the art data storage. I have also noted some preliminary estimates of scheduling and manpower required for the solution. Deployment and Server Edition Throughout the infrastructure the most advanced server operating system, Windows Server 2008 R2, will be used. Enterprise edition will be leveraged on all servers, because it has 4 virtual licenses per OS. To increase reliability and security Server Core will be on all servers. There will be a total of 10 servers for the Worldwide Advertising Inc. internal network. The majority of the servers will be managed from the Los Angeles main office while four servers will be located at the New York branch. All 35 desktops will run Windows Vista Service Pack 1 for its’ operability with the network and specifically Terminal Services Web Access. Thirty terminals will be utilized to satisfy the current employees’ needs, and five desktops for backup. (Zacker, 2009) All servers and operating systems will be installed using image files remotely from a master...
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