...Netscape's public offering in 1995.' Bullish investors believed Google could set off a string of successful IPOs and put an end to a fouryear lull in technology offerings. 2 Executives at Google faced several questions in the following months, beginning with whether or not to sell shares to the public market.' If they made the decision to take the company public, what options did Google have for selling those shares? Was the traditional form of book-building through an investment bank necessarily the best course of action? As large investment banks were courting Google's potentially enormous business, management had to evaluate the different options available for a company ready to move forward. Ultimately, Google chose to sell its stock through W.R. Hambrecht + Co.'s OpenIPO, which was modeled on auction-based offering formats in France, Japan and elsewhere. In 2004, Hambrecht's track record of success was mixed at best and even today the future of this IPO format in the United States is far from certain. IN THE SPRING OF 2004, GOOGLE WAS ONE OF THE MOST TALKED-ABOUT I. HISTORY AND BUSINESS MODEL In 1995, Larry Page, 24, and Sergey Brin, 23, first met as Stanford University computer science graduate students.4 Their company Web site describes that first encounter as a clash of personalities that eventually led to their now-famous creative solution for retrieving relevant information from large sets of data.' At the time, search engines, for the most part, ranked search results...
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...Economica (2015) 82, 1177–1216 doi:10.1111/ecca.12156 Family Firms, Corporate Governance and Export By RAOUL MINETTI†, PIERLUIGI MURRO‡ and SUSAN CHUN ZHU† †Michigan State University ‡Lumsa University Final version received 20 June 2015. This paper investigates the effects of family ownership on export using rich data on Italian firms. We find that family ownership increases the probability that firms export. This benefit is especially pronounced when family owners retain control rights and seek the support of external managers. The results suggest that families better internalize the long-run benefits of internationalization, but that their limited competencies attenuate this benefit in high-tech industries and in remote and unfamiliar export markets. Family firms also exhibit some tendency to enter foreign markets in a progressive way (sequential exporting) and through limited collaborations with foreign firms and intermediaries. INTRODUCTION In a global economy, export markets are an important venue for firms to grow. For this reason, scholars and policymakers intensely debate the determinants of firms’ international expansion. There is a growing consensus that firms’ corporate governance influences their ability to export. In recent editorials on the costs and benefits of family firms, The Economist (2012, 2013) mentions the successful experience of German and Northern European family firms in international markets, arguing that these firms have led the export...
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...Aleksanterinkatu 5, on Friday 11th April 2003 at 12 o'clock. Environmental Marketing Strategy and its Implementation in Forest Industries Academic Dissertation Opponent: Professor Juha S. Niemelä Seinäjoki Institute for Rural Research and Training University of Helsinki juha.s.niemela@helsinki.fi Supervisor: Professor Heikki Juslin Department of Forest Economics University of Helsinki heikki.juslin@helsinki.fi Pre-examiners: Professor Hanna Pesonen School of Business and Economics University of Jyväskylä hpesonen@tase.jyu.fi Professor Harri Westermarck Department of Economics University of Helsinki harri.westermarck@helsinki.fi Author's address: Jari Kärnä Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Centre PO Box 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa jari.karna@metla.fi ISBN 952-10-0963-2 (paperback) ISBN 952-10-0964-0 (pdf) ISSN 1236-6226 http://ethesis.helsinki.fi Hakapaino, Helsinki 2003 2 Abstrakti Väitöskirja käsittelee ympäristöasioiden integrointia metsäteollisuusyritysten ja heidän teollisten asiakkaidensa markkinoinnin suunnitteluun. Tutkimus koostuu neljästä julkaistusta ja kahdesta julkaistavaksi hyväksytystä tieteellisestä artikkelista sekä yhteenveto-osasta, jossa tarkastellaan ekologista markkinointia ja yritysten yhteiskunnallista vastuuta teoreettisesti sekä kuvataan tutkimuksen empiiristä lähestymistapaa. Tutkimus perustuu kvantitatiiviseen haastatteluaineistoon suomalaisesta, ruotsalaisesta, saksalaisesta, brittiläisestä ja läntisestä pohjois-amerikkalaisesta...
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...and Risk-taking in Pre-crisis Investment Banks Nemanja Radić, Franco Fiordelisi, Claudia Girardone Working Paper Series No 08/11 Efficiency and risk-taking in pre-crisis investment banks Nemanja Radić1, Franco Fiordelisi2, Claudia Girardone3 Abstract Investment banks’ core functions expose them to a wide array of risks. This paper analyses cost and profit efficiency for a sample of investment banks for the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK and US) and Switzerland prior to the recent financial crisis. We follow Coelli et al. (1999)’s methodology to adjust the estimated cost and profit efficiency scores for environmental influences including key banks’ risks, bank- and industry specific factors and macroeconomic conditions. Our evidence suggests that failing to account for environmental factors can considerably bias the efficiency scores for investment banks. Specifically, bank-risk taking factors (including liquidity and capital risk exposures) are found particularly important to accurately assess profit efficiency: i.e. profit efficiency estimates are consistently underestimated without accounting for bank risktaking. Interestingly, our evidence suggests that size matters for both cost and profit efficiency, however this does not imply that more concentrated markets are more efficient. JEL classification: D2, G24, G32, L25 Key words: Investment Banking;Stochastic Frontier Analysis; Efficiency; Environmental Conditions; Banking Risks. ...
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...Introduction In general sense we mean “Bank” as a financial institution that deals with money. But when we use the term bank it generally means ‘commercial bank’ that collects the deposit from surplus unit of the society and then lends the deposits to the deficit units of the society. The word ‘Bank’ was probably derived from the word ‘Bench’s during ancient time Jews used to do money –lending business sitting on long benched. First modern banking was introduced in 1668 in Stockholm as ‘savings bank’, which opened up a new era of banking activities throughout the European Mainland. In the north Asia region, the afghan traders popularly known as Kabliwallas introduced early banking system. Muslim businessmen from Kabul, Afghanistan came to India and started money lending business in exchange of interest sometime in 1312A.D, they were known as Kabliwallas. All over the world the dimension of Banking has been changing rapidly due to Deregulation, Technological innovation and Globalization. Banking in Bangladesh has to keep pace with the global change. Now Banks must compete in the market place both with local institution as well as foreign ones. To survive and thrive in such a competitive banking world, two important requirements are Development of appropriate financial infrastructure by the central bank and Development of "professionalism" in the sense of developing an appropriate manpower structure and its expertise and experience. To introduce skilled...
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...The Home Depot 2008 Annual Report Dear Shareholders: In 2008, our retail sales declined by 7.8 percent, with comp sales down 8.7 percent. Our adjusted earnings per share from continuing operations declined 22 percent. In ordinary times, these would be very disappointing results. But 2008 was not an ordinary year. Despite the difficult economic environment, we continued to improve our retail business, through investing in our associates and our stores, rebuilding our supply chain and improving customer service. We also made several strategic decisions to optimize our capital allocation, concentrating our efforts on our core business. In the first quarter, we closed 15 underperforming stores and reduced our pipeline of new stores by 50. In the third quarter, we renegotiated our private label credit card agreement, capping our cost of private label credit. In the fourth quarter, we announced our decision to exit EXPO and related businesses. These actions will make the Company stronger. On the financial side, we ended the year with a solid operating profit and $41 billion in assets. We generated cash from the business of approximately $5.5 billion, which allowed us to invest in the business where necessary and reduce our debt obligations while maintaining a healthy dividend. On the operational side, we implemented an “Aprons on the Floor” initiative, which deployed over $200 million in annualized savings onto the floor of the stores for customer service...
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...Project Management Project and Programme Management Resources for Students Gower have teamed up with a major provider of project management training, ESI International, to bring you a range of project and programme resources to support your learning. Visit www.projectmanagement9.com and: • • • • Download white papers on topics as diverse as the project communication, project leadership, risk management and project troubleshooting. View professional project webinars from some of the leading presenters on project management covering topics such as: risk management, troubled project recovery, portfolio management, business requirements, earned value management, performance-based service contracting. Learn about the qualifications and development available from the PMI, Project Management Institute, the world’s largest non-profit professional association in project management. Link to further resources, professional bodies, news sites and more. These resources are designed to help you develop your learning on project management and start you on the road to professional qualifications or further development, once you have finished your degree or your current qualification. Visit www.projectmanagement9.com Project Management Ninth Edition DENNIS LOCK © Dennis Lock 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise...
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...Project Management Institute A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Fifth Edition Licensed To: Jorge Diego Fuentes Sanchez PMI MemberID: 2399412 This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® guide). -- Fifth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-935589-67-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Project management. I. Project Management Institute. II. Title: PMBOK guide. HD69.P75G845 2013 658.4’04--dc23 2012046112 ISBN: 978-1-935589-67-9 Published by: Project Management Institute, Inc. 14 Campus Boulevard Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073-3299 USA Phone: +610-356-4600 Fax: +610-356-4647 Email: customercare@pmi.org Internet: www.PMI.org ©2013 Project Management Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. “PMI”, the PMI logo, “PMP”, the PMP logo, “PMBOK”, “PgMP”, “Project Management Journal”, “PM Network”, and the PMI Today logo are registered marks of Project Management Institute, Inc. The Quarter Globe Design is a trademark of the Project Management Institute, Inc. For a comprehensive list of PMI marks, contact the PMI Legal Department. PMI Publications welcomes corrections and comments on its books. Please feel free to send comments on typographical, formatting, or other errors. Simply make a copy of the relevant page of the book, mark the error, and...
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...JÖNKÖPING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL J ÖNKÖPING UNIVERSITY C EO r emuneration in l isted E ur ope an insurance companies Trends and justifications over the years 2005-2009 Authors: Sara Palmén Jönköping International Business School Avare Suleyman Jönköping International Business School Tutor: Dr. Petra Inwinkl Associate Professor in Accounting and Finance, Jönköping International Business School Master thesis within Business Administration Title: CEO remuneration in listed European insurance companies – Trends and justifications over the years 2005-2009 Authors: Sara Palmén, Avare Suleyman Tutor: Dr. Petra Inwinkl Examiners: Dr. Petra Inwinkl, Prof. Gary Cunningham Date: Spring 2010 (uploaded 2010.06.03) Key words: CEO, chief executive officer, remuneration, fixed pay, variable pay, short-term, long-term, benefit, Europe, insurance, incentive, attraction, retention, agency theory, financial crisis, trend, justification. Abstract In the ever so increasingly competitive business climate of the 21st century, human resources are vital for corporate success. Employees need proper incentives to perform in goal-oriented manners. Incentive systems, especially Chief Executive Officer [CEO] remunerations, have been a popular topic since the 1990s, and this tendency has increased both during the 2002-2003 corporate scandal era, as well as the financial crisis which sparked in 2007. The recent tendency appears to lean...
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...Annual Report 2014-15 Infosys Annual Report 2014-15 Narayana Murthy A tribute to our founders Nandan M. Nilekani S. Gopalakrishnan K. Dinesh The year 2014 was a milestone in our Company's history, when we bid farewell to three of our founders who held executive positions in the Company during the year – Narayana Murthy, S. Gopalakrishnan and S. D. Shibulal. Narayana Murthy stepped down as the Chairman of the Board on October 10, 2014. His vision, leadership and guidance have been an inspiration to Infosys, the Indian IT industry and an entire generation of technology entrepreneurs. He propelled the Company into accomplishing many firsts and in setting industry benchmarks on several fronts. He espoused the highest level of corporate governance standards that have defined Infosys over the years and made us a globally respected corporation. Between June 2013 and October 2014, he guided the Company through a period of stabilization and leadership transition. S. Gopalakrishnan stepped down as Vice Chairman of the Board on October 10, 2014. Kris, as he is popularly known, served the Company in several capacities over the last 33 years. As the Chief Executive Officer between 2007 and 2011, he steered the Company at a time when the world was faced with economic crises. Ranked as a global thought leader, Kris has led the technological evolution of the Company. S. D. Shibulal stepped down as the Company's Chief Executive Officer on July...
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...reflect the opinion of The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India nor can the Institute by any way be held responsible for them. The contents of this journal are the copyright of The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India, whose permission is necessary for reproduction in whole or in part. ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ the management accountant, May, 2010 Cost Management for Growth of SME in Textile Sector by R. Gopal 387 Performance Monitoring in SME Sector by I. Mohamed Ibrahim 388 Cost Management : Key to Survival in Current Global Meltdown by S. Jeyaraj 392 Cost Management : Key to Survival in Current Global Meltdown by Guruprasad D. 400 Salient Feature of MOU by ICWAI with CBEC 406 Request for Comments on Exposure Draft of CAS 408 Essay Competition Notice 411 WIRC Seminar 414 Examination Notification - ICWAI 418 Exam Programme - CAT 419 Continuing Education Programme 420 Notice 421 ○ Editorial 347 President’s Communique 348 Speech by Hon’ble...
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...Lists[show] | Variants[show] | Related topics[show] | * Fascism portal * Politics portal | * v * t * e | Fascism /ˈfæʃɪzəm/ is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism[1][2] that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. Influenced by national syndicalism, fascism originated in Italy during World War I, in opposition to liberalism, Marxism, and anarchism. Fascism is usually placed on the far-right within the traditional left–right spectrum.[3][4] Fascists saw World War I as a revolution. It brought revolutionary changes in the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. The advent of total war and total mass mobilization of society had broken down the distinction between civilian and combatant. A "military citizenship" arose in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner during the war.[5][6] The war had resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines or provide economic production and logistics to support those on the front lines, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.[5][6] Fascists view World War I as having made liberal democracy obsolete, and regard total mobilization of society under a totalitarian single-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic...
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...Careers in Investment Banking WetFeet Insider Guide 2005 Edition The WetFeet Research Methodology You hold in your hands a copy of the best-quality research available for job seekers. We have designed this Insider Guide to save you time doing your job research and to provide highly accurate information written precisely for the needs of the job-seeking public. (We also hope that you’ll enjoy reading it, because, believe it or not, the job search doesn’t have to be a pain in the neck.) Each WetFeet Insider Guide represents hundreds of hours of careful research and writing. We start with a review of the public information available. (Our writers are also experts in reading between the lines.) We augment this information with dozens of in-depth interviews of people who actually work for each company or industry we cover. And, although we keep the identity of the rank-and-file employees anonymous to encourage candor, we also interview the company’s recruiting staff extensively, to make sure that we give you, the reader, accurate information about recruiting, process, compensation, hiring targets, and so on. (WetFeet retains all editorial control of the product.) We also regularly survey our members and customers to learn about their experiences in the recruiting process. Finally, each Insider Guide goes through an editorial review and fact-checking process to make sure that the information and writing live up to our exacting standards before it goes out the door. Are we perfect...
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...A GUIDE TO FORENSIC ACCOUNTING INVESTIGATION THOMAS W. GOLDEN, STEVEN L. SKALAK, AND MONA M. CLAYTON JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. A GUIDE TO FORENSIC ACCOUNTING INVESTIGATION THOMAS W. GOLDEN, STEVEN L. SKALAK, AND MONA M. CLAYTON JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2006 by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to the individual member firms of the worldwide PricewaterhouseCoopers organization. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this...
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...solution SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES AND CASES For FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AND SECURITY VALUATION Stephen H. Penman Fifth Edition CHAPTER ONE Introduction to Investing and Valuation Concept Questions C1.1. Fundamental risk arises from the inherent risk in the business – from sales revenue falling or expenses rising unexpectedly, for example. Price risk is the risk of prices deviating from fundamental value. Prices are subject to fundamental risk, but can move away from fundamental value, irrespective of outcomes in the fundamentals. When an investor buys a stock, she takes on fundamental risk – the stock price could drop because the firm’s operations don’t meet expectations – but she also runs the (price) risk of buying a stock that is overpriced or selling a stock that is underpriced. Chapter 19 elaborates and Figure 19.5 (in Chapter 19) gives a display. C1.2. A beta technology measures the risk of an investment and the required return that the risk requires. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a beta technology; is measures risk (beta) and the required return for the beta. An alpha technology involves techniques that identify mispriced stocks than can earn a return in excess of the required return (an alpha return). See Box 1.1. The appendix to Chapter 3 elaborates on beta technologies. C1.3. This statement is based on a statistical average from the historical data: The return on stocks...
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