...covering 35 cities and 76 municipalities. This includes the cities and municipalities of Bulacan, Cavite, Metro Manila, and Rizal and certain cities, municipalities, and barangays in the provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, and Quezon. The Company organized several subsidiaries to provide unregulated electricity-related or other value-added services, which contributed to the efficiency and profitability of the core business. These subsidiaries also provide services to third parties. MERALCO’s subsidiaries include Corporate Information Solutions, Inc., Meralco Energy, Inc., eMERALCO Ventures, Inc., Meralco PowerGen Corporation, Meralco Financial Services Corporation, Republic Surety and Insurance Company, Inc., Lighthouse Overseas Insurance Limited, Meralco Industrial Engineering Services Corporation, Miescorrail, Inc., and Clark Electric Distribution Corporation. MERALCO is chaired by Mr. Manuel V. Pangilinan. President and CEO is Mr. Oscar S. Reyes. The registered office address of MERALCO is Lopez Building, Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City,...
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...Khadi and Village Industries Corporation • KYC – Know your customer • LAMPS – Large Sized Adivasi Multipurpose societies • LERMS – Liberalised Exchange Rate Management System • LIC – Life Insurance Corporation of India • MCA – Ministry of Company affairs • MIS – Management Information System • MICR – Magnetic Ink Character Recognition • NABARD – National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development • NBFC – Non Banking Finance Companies • NEFT – National Electronic Funds Transfer • NPA – Non Performing assets • NRE – Non Resident External account • NRI – Non Resident Indian • NSE – National Stock Exchange • OLTAS – Online tax accounting system • OMO – Open market operations • PACS – Primary Agricultural Credit Societies • PDO – Public Debt Office • PIN – Personal Identification Number • QIB – Qualified Institutional Buyers • RBI – Reserve Bank of India • RDBMS – Relational Database Management System • REC – Rural Electrification Corporation • RFC – Resident Foreign Currency • RIDF – Rural Infrastructure Development Fund • RRB – Regional Rural Bank • RTGS – Real Time Gross Settlement • RWA – Risk Weighted Assets • SBI – State Bank of India • SCB – Scheduled Commercial Bank • SDR – Special Drawing Rights • SEBI – Securities and Exchange Board of India • SFMS - Structured Financial Messaging Services • SHG – Self Help Group • SIDBI – Small Industries Development Bank of India • SIDC – State Industrial Development Corporation • SJSRY –Swarna Jayanthi...
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...IAE Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 General Management Program – 2012/2013 Business Economics BENIN – COUNTRY STUDY FOR INVESTMENT IN SOLAR ENERGY SECTOR Compiled by: Thi Hien Anh Nguyen Thi Hien Anh NGUYEN 2012 PREAMBLE This report is prepared as a preliminary research based on hypothetic scenario of an investment project of EUR10 million in solar energy sector in Benin. The report hence firstly focuses on the analysis of Benin’s macro-environment, including the political, socio-demographical, economic, legal and ecological environments which might impinge on the project. The report then goes further in analysing the current situation of the energy sector in Benin and the prospects offered for the solar energy sector in Benin. I/ BENIN – COUNTRY CONTEXT AND PROSPECTS 1. Country overview Benin (French: Bénin, formerly Dahomey), officially the Republic of Benin (French: République du Bénin), is a country in West Africa. Situated in the Gulf of Guinea, it is bordered by Togo to the west, by Nigeria to the east and by Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. A majority of the population live on its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in Cotonou, the country's largest city. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 9.1 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment...
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......................................................................................xi Executive Summary.................................................................................................xiii Background and Context .................................................................................xiii Objectives ....................................................................................................... xiv Coastal Electrification and Women’s Development Microenterprise (CEWDM) ............................................................................................. xv Development of Training Modules ................................................................... xv Operational Performance................................................................................ xvi Social Outcomes............................................................................................. xvi Electrification Options as a Function of Household Income .......................... xvi Costs of Rural Lighting and Electrification......................................................xvii Sustainability Issues ....................................................................................... xix The Role of Microcredit in Off-Grid Market Growth......................................... xx Networking and Capacity Building for Professional Women........................... xx A Guideline for RET and Gender by the Public Sector................................... xx...
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...PART 3 GROWING THE PRIVATE SECTOR CHAPTER 17 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Institutions refer to arrangements and processes for the purposeful administration or management of a polity or the management of an entity. The importance of institutions will probably be best understood from the governance perspective. In this regard, we recall that governance is 111 primarily concerned with two inter-related issues. These are (a) existence of societal institutions for managing social relations; and (b) the degree of independence enjoyed by each institution in the performance of its assigned duties. Hence, the state of institutions along these two dimensions determines the quality of governance. Herein lies the desirability of assessing the current state of institutional setting in which ODSEEDS would be designed and implemented. For the purpose of our discussion, we have identified three major groups of stakeholders around which institutions could be appraised. These groups comprise (a) the government (public sector), (b) business (private sector); and (c) civil society (the people). These are the three primary partners (3PP) in the development process of any nation. The characteristic of each partner group in Ondo State are highlighted briefly as follows: 17.1 The Public Sector Ondo State has a seasoned executive arm of government, a legacy it inherited from the early 60s. The state’s civil service is blessed with competent technocrats and is expected to serve as...
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...European Union Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) The Nigerian Energy Sector An Overview with a Special Emphasis on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Rural Electrification 2nd Edition, June 2015 Implemented by 2 Acknowledgements This report on the Nigerian energy sector was compiled as part of the Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP). NESP is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and funded by the European Union and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The authors would like to thank the GIZ Nigeria team for having entrusted this highly relevant subject to GOPA- International Energy Consultants GmbH, and for their extensive and dedicated inputs and guidance provided during implementation. The authors express their gratitude to all project partners who provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into ongoing activities during the course of the project. It was a real pleasure and a great help to exchange ideas and learn from highly experienced management and staff and committed representatives of this programme. How to Read Citations Bibliography is cited by [Author; Year]. Where no author could be identified, we used the name of the institution. The Bibliography is listed in Chapter 10. Websites (internet links) are cited with a consecutive numbering system [1], [2], etc. The Websites are listed in Chapter 11. 3 Imprint Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft...
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...bManual on Financial and Banking Statistics LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACF AD ADB ADR AFS AGM AIRCSC Auto-Correlation Function Authorized Dealer Asian Development Bank American Depository Receipt Annual Financial Statement Annual General Meeting All India Rural Credit Survey Committee Additive Outliers Auto Regression Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Available For Sale CBS CC CD CD Ratio CDBS CF CFRA CGRA CII CO CP Consolidated Banking Statistics Cash Credit Certificate of Deposit Credit Deposit Ratio Committee of Direction on Banking Statistics Company Finance Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts Currency and Gold Revaluation Account Confederation of Indian Industries Capital Outlay Commercial Paper Consumer Price Index Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers Capital Receipts Capital to Risk Weighted Asset Ratio Cash Reserve Ratio Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Central Statistical Organisation Central Vigilance Commission Development Action Plan Department of Banking Operations and Development Department of Banking Supervision, RBI Department of Company Affairs, (Now known as Ministry of Companies Affairs, MCA) Government of India AO AR ARIMA AFS CPI ASSOCHAM Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India ATM ATM BIS BOI BoP BPM5 Asynchronous Transfer Mode Automated Teller Machine Bank for International Settlements Bank of India Balance of Payments Balance of Payments Manual, 5th edition Balance of Payments Division, DESACS...
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...I. OVERVIEW/ INTRODUCTION As a tropical country, the Philippines has untapped vast potential of solar energy; yet in 1980’s, solar application is beyond the bound of possible solutions in rural, remote areas in the country. Thus in February 27, 1981, Federal Republic of Germany and Republic of the Philippines entered into a contract to develop applications of solar energy in the Philippines. This project was called the Philippine German Solar Energy Project (PGSEP) which was funded by the German Bundesministeruim for Zussamenarbeit through the Gesselchaft for Zussamenarbeit, and Philippine Office Energy. The governing body of the said project was the Philippine National Oil Corporation through its Energy Research and Development Center. Solar power systems is done through the encapsulation of the solar energy from the sun through the photovoltaic (PV) panels which produce direct current (DC) power to run a DC appliance. Additionally, DC current can be converted alternating current (AC) to run AC appliances. The project was anticipated to solve the inexistence of electrical power resources to provide for the basic needs that immediately improve the lives of Filipinos in areas where electricity is not readily available. II. TIME FRAME The proponents point for analysis would be on 1988. This is based on the data given concerning the commencement of PGSEP (Philippine-German Solar Energy Project) on February 27, 1981 to develop a solar source of energy in the Philippines...
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...721–734 Electricity and externalities in South Africa Randall Spalding-Fechera,*, David Khorommbi Matibeb b a Energy and Development Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa Gauteng Department of Agricultural Conservation and Environment, PO Box 8769, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa Abstract As the electricity supply sector in developing countries undergoes increasingly rapid restructuring, and technology and fuel choices widen, understanding the environmental implications of investment choices becomes ever more important. The objective of this paper is to expand previous analysis of the external costs of electric power generation in South Africa. We present a quantitative analysis of air pollution impacts on human health, damages from greenhouse gas emissions, and the avoided health costs from electrification, as well as discussing other impacts qualitatively. The central estimate of total external costs is R7.3 billion, or 4.4 cents per unit of coal-fired power generated. Relative to current electricity prices, the external costs are approximately 40 and 20 per cent of industrial and residential tariffs, respectively. We then discuss policy options for addressing these costs, including taxation, tradable permit systems, and integrated resource planning, as well as expanded regional energy trade and the possibility of accessing climate change-related funding for cleaner electricity production. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights...
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...Developing Rural Services Tameka Hughe Western New Mexico University Professor Richter May 06, 2015 Rural social working poised have faced many challenges that make it difficult for a social worker to provide services to a needy person in the community. Oppression by society and other social classes of society has caused the poor to belittle upon in society and thus becoming hard to get the best social services. In most of the cases that have happen the mental health and homeless individuals has seen a vast range of problems socially in the rural areas. Individuals suffering from mental health issues and homelessness have hence become the part of the population facing many social problems. (Teasley, Archuleta & Miller, 2014). The data collected during the assessment concluded that 15 homeless individuals could not find a shelter and 11 with mental illness. The issue of a bad economic state has been an obstacle to the providence of proper social services to the community. When inflation hits a country, it makes it hard and difficult for the rural community to survive with the raising prices of commodities. Lack of support from the authorities has caused a lot of poor service development for the needy in the rural areas. Therefore, many cases have seen that the policies put in place do not actually favor the rural communities. For instance, the policies to do with medical services, high cost services hit the poor in the society and hence lives were lost every now...
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...Keystone Business Support Company Ltd. ABOUT US Keystone is a professional services company with management and administrative staff headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The company provides comprehensive business solutions to private businesses, financial institutions, investors, bilateral and multilateral institutions. A special strength of Keystone lies in its ability to help prepare for and implement energy sector projects both with regards to conventional and nonconventional energy sources. Keystone is also particularly strong in the areas of financial modeling and conducting legal and technical due diligence. These strengths are applicable in a wide variety of fields and we are constantly branching out to new areas to expand our product offering. Keystone has a global network of expert consultants across major cities including Boston, Delhi, Dubai, Hong Kong, London, New York, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, and Washington DC. Keystone is continually expanding to other major cities as its business grows. OUR APPROACH Keystone’s Project Teams pair international experts with local talent to devise Global Best Practice Solutions tailored to the specific country context. This also allows us to offer a high international quality service locally. Our first and foremost goal is to craft concrete and actionable steps for our clients that deliver results. OUR STRENGTHS Expertise : Keystone draws its strength from its diverse team of international experts. The company...
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...Bank driven Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP). For the electricity sector, the Government adopted a two-pronged programme of reform a performance improvement programme (PIP) for the national utility, the Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA), and a legal and regulatory reform programme for the electricity sector in general. Ten years later, significant success has been achieved in improving the utility’s performance in technical operations and customer service. However, there has been very little progress on the legal and regulatory front. This has adversely affected the utility’s financial performance, as well as frustrating the Government’s efforts in attracting private sector investment. The Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) provides the bulk of electricity generated, transmitted, distributed and supplied in Zimbabwe. It is a statutory corporation established by an Act of Parliament – (the Electricity Act of 1985). A Board of Directors, appointed by the Minister in charge of energy, is responsible for the management of ZESA. Zimbabwe’s electricity sector comprises of five power stations with a total installed capacity of 1,961 MW (Bhagavan (ed), 1999). ZESA’S vision is to be the preferred provider of...
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...They account for 65 per cent of the power generated in the country. Generating companies are responsible for supplying power to the grid without the specific responsibility of retail distribution. Major players in this category are NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation), NHPC (the Hydro-electric analogue of NTPC), and NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited). Though ESA allowed only the governments to set up generating companies till 1991, thereafter it was de-reserved. Independent Power Producers (IPPs) now fall under this category. Existing licensees are private-sector utilities licensed by a State Government for power generation, distribution, or both within a specified area. For example, Gujarat Industrial Power Corporation is only into generation and Central Electricity Supply Corporation (in Orissa) is confined to distribution, whereas Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Limited (BSES) and Tata Electric Company (TEC) are involved both in generation and distribution. The interdependence among these players in the electricity sector can be gauged from the fact that their performances are closely linked. The industry value-chain is captured by Chart-1 below. (PGCIL is the Power Grid Corporation of India Limited.) Chart - 1 Some instances of such interdependence are easy to find. High generation tariffs affects the performance of SEBs and transmission...
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...Analysis of Power Sector in India: A Structural Perspective Niranjan Swain*, J P Singh** and Deepak Kumar*** The inhibitors to growth in power sector were many—small and big but the main roadblock in the growth path was Government Policy, which made it difficult or rather impossible for a private player to enter. This further aggravated the problem that Indian entrepreneurs didn’t have enough knowledge and experience in developing power projects. To worsen the scenario, the SEBs and other Government Agencies became financially weak to propel any future expansion or growth in the sector. Electricity Act, 2003 was a major step in solving the above underlying problems of the power sector. A whole new system was evolved where private players were invited to be an active participant. The system demanded financial, political and other infrastructural growth—with major requirement in roads and communication. Some of the bold steps taken in the Act were moving generation and distribution out of ‘License Raj’ regime, opening access to national grid and demolishing the ‘Single Buyer’ model. The failure of the huge federal structure and the changing global scenario have forced Government to think of ways to revive this fundamental infrastructure sector. Two of the avenues that government can count on for future growth of this sector is “Midgets or Small Power Plants” and “CDM—Clean Development Mechanism”. India and Infrastructure With traditional government controlled vertically...
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...AN INDUSTRIAL PROJECT ON ASSEMBLED COMPUTERS PREFERENCE OVER BRANDED COMPUTERS AT NOBLE I’TECH NEW MARKET, PAKYONG AN AUTHORISED STUDY CENTRE MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER EDUCATION SUBMITTED ON PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF MASTERS IN COMMERCE (M.COM) PREPARED BY: NAME: BINOD DANGAL REGISTRATION NO.: 09SU1615 ROLL NO.: 12SGMCOM001 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF EXTERNAL GUIDE INTERNAL GUIDE BHIMLALL KHATIWARA DR. JIBAN UPHADYAYA (CENTRAL INCHARGE) (ASISTANT PROFESSOR) SUBMITTED TO COMMERCE DEPARTMENT SIKKIM GOVT. COLLEGE ABBREVIATIONS MICE : Manipal Institute of Computer Education DTP : Desk Top Publishing RAM : Random Access Memory ROM : Read Only Memory SMPS : Switch Mode Power Supply VGA : Video Graphic Adapter ATM : Automatic Teller Machine CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate PREFACE As we know very well that today’s world is a computer world where every task is done by the computer. And it is important to have computer knowledge for every individual. Giving priority to this, Manipal Institute of Computer Education is trying to fulfil the needs of common people by promoting computer service. The project entitled “Assembled Computer preference over Branded Computers” have prepared strictly in accordance with the format describe by the University. The project has been divided into 5 chapters. Each chapter has been divided into further...
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