...IAS 1 — Presentation of Financial Statements Page 1 of 14 IAS 1 — Presentation of Financial Statements Quick Article Links Overview IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements sets out the overall requirements for financial statements, including how they should be structured, the minimum requirements for their content and overriding concepts such as going concern, the accrual basis of accounting and the current/non-current distinction. The standard requires a complete set of financial statements to comprise a statement of financial position, a statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, a statement of changes in equity and a statement of cash flows. IAS 1 was reissued in September 2007 and applies to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. History of IAS 1 Date March 1974 January 1975 Development Exposure Draft E1 Disclosure of Accounting Policies IAS 1 Disclosure of Accounting Policies issued Comments Operative for periods beginning on or after 1 January 1975 June 1975 Exposure Draft E5 Information to Be Disclosed in Financial Statements published October 1976 IAS 5 Information to Be Disclosed in Financial Operative for periods beginning on Statements issued or after 1 January 1975 July 1978 Exposure Draft E14 Current Assets and Current Liabilities published November 1979 IAS 13 Presentation of Current Assets and Current Operative for periods beginning on Liabilities issued or after 1 January 1981 ...
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...accounting excludes all items not related to the current operations of the firm and is generally based upon by past firm transactions. The all-inclusive method recognises both operating income as well as revaluation increments (gains and losses) of net assets as part of income (clean surplus) (Hodgson, 2014). The all-inclusive income method was adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in 1997 and subsequently the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), leading to ‘comprehensive income’ reporting. Comprehensive Income (CI) is the sum of Profit or Loss (P&L) and OCI. OCI comprises of items of income and expense not recognised in profit or loss as required or permitted by AASB (AASB, 2014) Recent Amendments permit P&L and OCI to be presented in as a single statement or in separate statements with the P&L section first. In the past, the FASB permitted a third alternative to recognize OCI in statement of equity (FASB, 1997), (AASB, 2011). Items within OCI also need to be grouped together, on the basis of whether they will eventually be ‘recycled’ to the profit or loss section of the income statement. One of the issues within the current Conceptual Framework is recycling. Presently there is no clear distinction on how it should be treated, with many diverging opinions among respondents ranging from ‘always recycle’ to ‘never recycle’ with majority supporting a ‘broad approach’, citing favoured flexibility. (IFRS, 2014). Recycling, also known as...
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...Development of Financial Reporting in the 21st Century Globalisation of Financial Reporting (IFRS and IAS) In the 15 years since the start of the 21st century there has been many dramatic changes in the financial world. These dramatic changes included the collapse of some of the world's largest corporations , many of whom were making fraudulent financial reports at the time of their demise (such as Enron Corporation and WorldCom) , the downfall of one of the worlds “Big Five” accounting firms ; Arthur Anderson (which was directly related to the Enron scandal) and an economic collapse that resulted in many national economies suffering hugely. However despite these dramatic changes, nothing has been more significant than the rapid acceptance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IRFS) across the globe. This means that companies from all over the world are beginning to adhere to a single set of global accounting standards. This wide acceptance of IFRS has stemmed from globalisation. Globalisation is the process by which companies begin to trade on an international scale and spread their influence globally (e.g NIKE & McDonalds) , often having numerous headquarters across the world. What is IFRS? International Financial Reporting Standards are designed to be used as a universal language for conducting business across the world, their goal is for company accounts to be coherent across all international borders. The concept of...
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...| IFRS | Presentation of Financial Statements | AS1-Disclosure of Accounting Policies AS5-Net Profit or Loss for the Period , Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies | IAS1- Presentation of Financial Statements | | Entities preparing first financial statements in compliance with Indian GAAP are required to comply with all accounting standards. | Entities preparing first financial statements in compliance with IFRS apply optional exemptions and mandatory exceptions in IFRS1 to the retrospective application of IFRS. | | Non-compliance with accounting standards or the Companies Act is prohibited unless permitted by other regulatory framework. | IFRS may be overridden in extremely rare circumstances where compliance would be so misleading that it conflicts with the objective of financial statements set out in the IFRS framework and thus, departure is needed to achieve fair presentation. | | Entities meeting the conditions to qualify as Small and Medium Sized Company have certain exemption or relaxation in complying with the accounting standards. | IFRS for SMEs(Small and Medium Enterprises) is a self-contained set of accounting principles that are based on full IFRS, but that have been simplified to the extent suitable for SMEs. The IFRS for SME and full IFRS are separate and distinct frameworks. | | There is no requirement to make an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with Indian GAAP in the financial statements. | Entities should make an explicit...
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...different ways of accounting standards, and therefore there is a problem on how to account standards. Hence, during the last years the debate on whether to use Fair presentation or the True and fair View is becoming a major concern. Fair presentation and the true and fair concept may seem as a similar concept, however, they do differ as well. While the former is the concept for United States, the latter is used in the UK, EU, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand. The IASB job is to prepare a “high quality global accounting standard that requires transparent and comparable information in general purposes financial statements”. According to the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) the fair presentation is the concept which should be used, while the UK’s company act believe it’s the true and fair view ( TFV). The latest version of International accounting standard (IAS1) was brought into action from July 1998. This adopted both concepts, and it “required fair presentation and disclosure of compliance with IAS and a limited true and fair view override if compliance is misleading” . Fair presentation comes from the word GAAP (Generally accepted accounting principles) and first appeared in 1939. “Fair presentation requires the faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other events, in accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the framework.” and can be defined as “ Presenting information...
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...without permission in writing from the proprietor. The Independent Institute of Education (Pty) Ltd is registered with the Department of Higher Education and Training as a private further and higher education and training institution under the Further Education and Training Colleges Act, 2006 (reg. no. 2009/FE07/003, prov. to 31/12/2014) and the Higher Education Act, 1997 (reg. no. 2007/HE07/002). © The Independent Institute of Education (Pty) Ltd 2013 - Page 1 of 82 IIE Module Guide ACCO230 DID YOU KNOW? Student Portal The full-service student portal provides you with access to your academic administrative information, including: an online calendar, timetable, academic results, module content, document reviews, financial account, and so much more. Module Guides or Manuals When you log into the Student Portal, the Module Information page displays “Module Purpose” and “Textbook Information” including online “Module Guides or Manuals” for each module for which you are registered. Supplementary Materials For certain modules, electronic supplementary material is available to you via the Supplementary Module Material link. Module Discussion Forum The “Module Discussion” Forum may be used by your lecturer to discuss with you any topics related to any supplementary materials such as ICE, etc. To view, print, and annotate these related PDF documents, download Adobe Reader by following the link below: www.adobe.com/products/reader.html © The...
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...for accounting periods beginning since January 2005. Therefore, all EU listed companies that are required to publish consolidated accounts will be required to prepare their accounts in accordance with adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). That will cause a greater need for comparability across various accounting and reporting principles. 1. Change in Financial Reporting Following recent decisions by various jurisdictions to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), more than 90 countries will either require or permit the use of IFRSs during the next five years. Thousands of companies throughout the world will be making a transaction in financial reporting by breaking away from national practices and changing to accounting standards set by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IASB issued IRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, which requires an entity to comply with every IASB standard in force in the first year when the entity first adopts IFRSs, with some targeted and specific exceptions after consideration of the cost of full compliance. Under IFRS 1, entities must explain how the transition to ISAB standards affects their reported financial position, financial performance and cash flows. The IASB published 13...
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...Analysis of Unilever Financial Reporting Introduction Annual report is an exhaustive report which has involved a firm’s activities throughout the last year. It purposes to show the corporate activities and financial performance to both the shareholder and those people who are interesting in their corporation. However, it is crucial for the stock watcher doing their due diligence every year from the analysis of a corporate annual report. Not only the growth rate they concerned, but also the prospect of their stocks, the investor need to consider it carefully before doing their decisions. The following content would give the analysis of Unilever’s annual report in 2009. It would give detailed information in relevant with the companies activities, financial performance and future prospects. The company’s activity Types of product & service Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch multinational corporation that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. (Wikipedia) It provides fast-moving consumer goods in the world, mainly focus on three categories of products: nutritional foods, household and personal care. With a slogan “creating a better future every day”, this company always pays attention to innovation as well as effects of brands for their products. Unilever owns more than 400 brands as a result of acquisitions, however, the company focuses on what are called the "billion-dollar brands", 13 brands, each...
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...international financial reporting standards CERTIFICATE Learning materiaLs Contents FINANCIAL REPORTING CONTEXT..............................................................3 THE IFRS FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................17 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ........................................35 ACCOUNTING POLICIES .............................................................................49 REVENUE......................................................................................................61 INVENTORIES...............................................................................................75 PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT......................................................87 BORROWING COSTS.................................................................................105 GOVERNMENT GRANTS ...........................................................................113 NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE ..............................................123 INVESTMENT PROPERTY .........................................................................133 INTANGIBLES .............................................................................................145 IMPAIRMENT ..............................................................................................159 PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES .......................................................171 TAXATION...........................................
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...international financial reporting standards CERTIFICATE Learning materiaLs Contents FINANCIAL REPORTING CONTEXT..............................................................3 THE IFRS FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................17 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ........................................35 ACCOUNTING POLICIES .............................................................................49 REVENUE......................................................................................................61 INVENTORIES...............................................................................................75 PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT......................................................87 BORROWING COSTS.................................................................................105 GOVERNMENT GRANTS ...........................................................................113 NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE ..............................................123 INVESTMENT PROPERTY .........................................................................133 INTANGIBLES .............................................................................................145 IMPAIRMENT ..............................................................................................159 PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES .......................................................171 TAXATION...........................................
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...Letter of Submission To The dean Faculty of Business studies Department of Business Administration Premier University, Chittagong Subject: Submission of the term paper Sir, It gives me immense pleasure to submit my term paper on “Application of Accounting Standard” of “Bank Asia limited” which was assigned to me as a fulfillment of the degree “Bachelor of Business Administration”. I tried to extend the report to a successful one. In this case I used my knowledge gaining at the time of my graduation. While making this report I came across many experiences and I used all of my experience in making the report. Despite several constraints, I gave my all efforts to make this report a meaningful one. I hope you will get the report as informative and accept my report. Sincerely yours, Acknowledgement At the very beginning of my report, I would like to pay my worship and gratefulness to the praiseworthy Almighty Allah who graces me to accomplish this report. I would like to offer my gratitude to our honorable Dean Sir, Prof. Dr. Milan Kumar Bhattacharjee, who gave us the opportunity & also for his kind supervision and providing necessary guidelines in preparing this report. I am also thankful to Ali Arshad Chowdhury, Lecturer of “Premier University” , faculty of Business Studies. Who helped me in abundant conducts to make this report more meaningful. Finally, I thank all the persons who have directly or indirectly contributed...
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...Publishing Publishing F3 INT Study Text Financial Accounting ACCA Publishing ACCA Distance Learning Courses Learn quickly and efficiently Using a blended learning approach, our distance learning package will steer you towards exam success. Our aim is to teach you all you need to know and give you plenty of practice, without bombarding you with excessive detail. We therefore offer you the following tailored package: • Access to our dedicated distance learning website – where you’ll find a regular blog from the distance learning department – reminders, hints and tips, study advice and other ideas from tutors, writers and markers – as well as access to your course material • • Tutor support – by phone or by email, answered within 48 hours The handbook – outlining distance learning with us and helping you understand the ACCA course Study phase Revision phase • The key study text – covering the syllabus without excessive detail and containing a bank of practice questions for plenty of reinforcement of key topics • A key study guide – guiding you through the study text and helping you revise • An online question bank for additional reinforcement of knowledge • An exam kit – essential for exam preparation and packed with examstandard practice questions • 2 tutor-marked mock exams to be sat during your studies • Key notes - highlighting the key topics in an easy-to-use format Total price: £160.95 ...
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...NiCE Working Paper 09-108 April 2009 Quality of Financial Reporting: measuring qualitative characteristics Ferdy van Beest Geert Braam Suzanne Boelens Nijmegen Center for Economics (NiCE) Institute for Management Research Radboud University Nijmegen P.O. Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, The Netherlands http://www.ru.nl/nice/workingpapers 1 Abstract We construct a compound measurement tool to comprehensively assess the quality of financial reporting in terms of the underlying fundamental qualitative characteristics (i.e. relevance and faithful representation) and the enhancing qualitative characteristics (i.e. understandability, comparability, verifiability and timeliness) as defined in ‘An improved Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting’ of the FASB and the IASB (2008). The operationalization of these qualitative characteristics results in a 21-item index. Using 231 annual reports from companies listed at US, UK, and Dutch stock markets in 2005 and 2007, we test our compound measurement tool on internal validity, inter-rater reliability (Krippendorff’s alpha) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Our findings suggest that the measurement tool used in this study is a valid and reliable approach to assess the quality of financial reports. The measurement tool contributes to improving the quality assessment of financial reporting information, fulfilling a request from both the FASB and the IASB (2008) to make the qualitative characteristics operationally...
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...controls Taxation Documents on display Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers Fees and charges payable by a holder of ADSs Fees and payments made by the Depositary to the issuer Called-up share capital Administration Annual general meeting Exhibits BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2010 83 Directors and senior management 84 87 Directors and senior management Directors’ interests 89 Corporate governance 90 105 106 106 107 108 Board performance report Corporate governance practices Code of ethics Controls and procedures Principal accountants’ fees and services Memorandum and Articles of Association 141 Financial statements 142 Consolidated financial statements of the BP group 150 Notes on financial statements 228 Supplementary information on oil and natural gas (unaudited) PC1 Parent company financial statements of BP p.l.c. 111 Directors’ remuneration report 112 Part 1 Summary 114 Part 2 Executive directors’ remuneration 120 Part 3 Non-executive directors’ remuneration UNITED...
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...Health Care Cost Study: Financial Statements The Patton-Fuller Community Hospital has been serving the community since 1975; so handling financial statements are familiar with them. The discussion in this paper will enlighten what is the difference of audited and unaudited statements, the relationship between revenue sources and expenses on performance, and the effect of revenue sources on financial reporting. It will also discuss is the hospital’s revenues and expenses grouped for planning and control. The audited and unaudited balance sheets from the Patton-Fuller statements differ by the net allowance of bad debts and retained earnings, or unrestricted fund balance. The audited version of the balance sheet states that 2009 has a net allowance of $11,757 for bad debts and a net allowance of $7,533 for bad debts in 2008. The unaudited version of the balance sheet states that 2009 has a net allowance of $10,757 and a net allowance of $6,777 for bad debts in 2008. The difference between the two allowances may be because audited numbers require accuracy. The unaudited numbers may be estimations; however, the audited statements require exact numbers. The audited and unaudited balance sheets from the statements also differ by retained earnings, total liabilities, and equity. The audited balance sheets show $125,564 in retained earnings for 2009 and the unaudited balance sheets show $126,564 in retained earnings for 2009. This results in a thousand dollar difference...
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