...What is financial accounting? Financial accounting is regarded as a professional in modern society. Most of the firms, especially the large ones, need it and have a particular department or team called accounting. In universities, financial accounting becomes a compulsory subject which BBA students must study. It is so well known that almost all people have heard of it. What actually is financial accounting? More specifically, what the main objectives or roles financial accounting has so that firms need it at a critical manner? Generally speaking, the purpose of accounting is to give relevant data or information that is necessary to make sound decision for the firms. And the main objective of financial accounting is to prepare financial statements such as statement of financial position, income statement, statement of owner’s equity and statement of cash flow. The preparation must be guided by generally accepted accounting principles, “GAAP” in short, of the physical location. The statements are then used to tell the external users the performance of the firm (Eisen, 2003). And the primary need for financial accounting, or sometimes called financial accountancy, is to minimize the principal-agent problems in organizations. This is to be done by evaluating and monitoring agents’ (manager) production and presenting the performance to people who interest in. In addition, financial accounting serves a lot of important objectives. It aims to understand the operation of the business...
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...Business Analysis and Valuation Report Prepared By: Version # Updated on ------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgments ------------------------------------------------- If applicable, include acknowledgement to contributing individuals: ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Analyst’s Name | Number | E-Mail Address | | | | Document Name | | Date Created | | Milestone 1 date submitted | | Milestone 2 date submitted | | Milestone 3 date submitted | | Finalization date | | | | | | | | REPORT VERSION RECORD The Business Analysis and Valuation Report is a managed document with tracking of versions, changes, and release dates for each of the three milestones. Version Name | Version Number | Date | Author(s) Name(s) | Change Description | | | | | Document created | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Milestone versions of the report are issued including the complete document with the sections completed to date to reflect the work to date by the analyst team. The milestone versions of the document are authorized for release only after the analyst’s signature has been obtained. Milestone 1 PREPARED: DATE:___/___/___ (for acceptance) (, signature) POSITION: ___ Milestone 2 PREPARED: DATE:___/___/___ ...
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...Financial Analysis Tools Nicola Maclin American Military University Managers should have the ability to assess performance of decisions they have made or intend to make, through structured and robust financial analysis. Managers need tools to forecast or predict as they struggle to make decisions on a daily basis to execute business strategy for the company. Financial analysis tools can drive projections and predictions in many areas of the business, from planning for production and distribution to decisions on a product or service. Managers can use these tools to both assess and improve business performance. Performance evaluation is an important component of managing a business. Managers need feedback to evaluate how well they have accomplished business strategy and managed key business process. Managers need to be able to link strategy with profitability. Financial analysis tools can help provide that much needed feedback. Financial data can be used to compute ratios analysis. These financial ratios gives managers the first look at the company’s vital signs and is used to assess a complete financial health and identify operational problems. Ratio analysis allows management to quickly and efficiently address concerns like: return on capital investment and the company’s profit margin. Ratio analysis can be an effective and useful management tool if ratios are calculated on items that are meaningful and where practical steps can be taken to make improvements in...
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...What types of financial ratios are used to analyze financial performance? Financial ratios are categorized corresponding to the data they provide. The following terms are types of ratios used: 1. Liquidity ratios 2. Asset turnover ratios 3. Financial leverage ratios 4. Profitability ratios 5. Dividend policy ratios Are some more important than others? Why? Financial ratios give insight into an organization’s way of management and its financial state. Most ratios defined above can be evaluated from data made available by compiled financial statements. Which ratios are important to creditors, investors, and managers? Why? The importance of these rations allows a firm to analyze the market place and to measure the firm's financial data against those of other companies to steer away from unwanted financial problems- shutting down of operations. What is the purpose of financial statement analysis? According to (Robinson, Henry and Pirie, 2012), the purpose of a financial statement analysis is comprised of: • Evaluation of equity/debt investment/credit rating • Transfer of information • To use an analysis to develop a given financial statement inquiry. Robinson, T. A., Henry, E., & Pirie, W. L. (2012). International Financial Statement Analysis (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. What are some tools we might use to analyze financial performance? Readyratios.com (2014) informs that analysis of financial performance can be: • SWOT (strength...
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...Week 1 Financial reporting and its analysis has an important role in the information intermediaries (auditors, press, financial analysts) and financial intermediaries (banks, insurance companies, mutual funds) functioning. Information intermediaries and financial intermediaries use the information from the financial reports to investigate the investment opportunities and find the “good” ones (Palepu, Healy & Peek, 2013). The “lemons” problem explains the problem in identifying the “good” and “bad” ideas being offered in the market (Holod & Peek, n.d.). The “bad” ideas are valued by investors at an average level, as they know that in the market there are both types of ideas. This approach, unfortunately, leads to less attractive conditions of financing to the owners of “good” ideas; the proportion of “bad” ideas increases. The identification of “good” investments can be performed by following the four steps (Palepu, Healy & Peek, 2013): * Business strategy analysis * Accounting analysis * Financial analysis * Prospective analysis All the above analysis get the information from the financial statements, publically data available, from business application context that consists of credit analysis, debt analysis, general business analysis and other details on corporate business (Palepu, Healy & Peek, 2013). The business strategy analysis is a tool to form the performance expectations using industry data and competitive strategy data. Accounting analysis assess...
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... Summer 2014 Financial Analysis and Management Dr. Kamal M. Haddad COURSE OBJECTIVES Fin 423 is designed to develop critical thinking at the individual level, and problem solving competencies at both the individual and group levels. Teamwork and group problem solving are stressed. The course provides a thorough overview of financial analysis, including relevant modern theory and practical applications. Topics include financial statement analysis, financial planning, principles of valuation, capital budgeting, capital structure, and issues in financial policy. The course gives students opportunities to apply financial theory to analyze real life situations in an uncertain environment with an incomplete data set. It is integrative in nature, with special attention to the integration of theory and managerial judgment in the process of making financial decisions. BSBA Goals BSBA students will graduate being Effective Communicators, Critical Thinkers, Able to Analyze Ethical Problems, Global in their perspective, and Knowledgeable about the essentials of business. This class contributes to those goals through its student learning outcomes. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Use Financial Statements to evaluate firm performance. Project Financial Statements (B/S, I/S, budgets, etc.). Use Financial Statements to obtain Cash Flows for the firm and equity holders. Calculate and project Free Cash Flow. Determine financial drivers of Free Cash Flow. Calculate...
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...9-193-029 REV: SEPTEMBER 13, 2004 WILLIAM BRUNS Introduction to Financial Ratios and Financial Statement Analysis There is almost always a reason why someone picks up an organization’s financial statements and begins to analyze them. Lenders or creditors may be interested in determining whether they will be repaid money they have lent or may lend to the organization. Investors may be interested in comparing a potential investment in one organization with that of another. Employees may want to compare the current performance or financial status of their employer with earlier periods. Regulatory agencies often need to assess organizational or industry financial health and performance. Financial analysis is always based on a set of questions, and the specific questions requiring answers depend on who the financial statement user is and the reasons for his or her analysis. Financial analyses based on accounting information consistently involve comparisons. Amounts or ratios may be compared with industry norms, the same measurement in a prior period, the same measurement in a competitor’s organization, or with planned and budgeted amounts previously established. Figuring out which comparisons will best answer the questions motivating the analysis is one of the necessary steps in making the best use of accounting information. Financial ratios can help describe the financial condition of an organization, the efficiency of its activities, its comparable profitability...
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... Spring 2014 T TH Financial Analysis and Management Dr. Kamal M. Haddad COURSE OBJECTIVES Fin 423 is designed to develop critical thinking at the individual level, and problem solving competencies at both the individual and group levels. Teamwork and group problem solving are stressed. The course provides a thorough overview of financial analysis, including relevant modern theory and practical applications. Topics include financial statement analysis, financial planning, principles of valuation, capital budgeting, capital structure, and issues in financial policy. The course gives students opportunities to apply financial theory to analyze real life situations in an uncertain environment with an incomplete data set. It is integrative in nature, with special attention to the integration of theory and managerial judgment in the process of making financial decisions. BSBA Goals BSBA students will graduate being Effective Communicators, Critical Thinkers, Able to Analyze Ethical Problems, Global in their perspective, and Knowledgeable about the essentials of business. This class contributes to those goals through its student learning outcomes. LEARNING OBJECTIVES * Use Financial Statements to evaluate firm performance. * Project Financial Statements (B/S, I/S, budgets, etc.). * Use Financial Statements to obtain Cash Flows for the...
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...WRITING A FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS REPORT FOR A POTENTIAL USER The financial analyst should research, analyse and evaluate the company’s consolidated financial results. He/she should then compare such analysis and evaluation with that of a competitor or more working in the same industry group. The competitor should have the similar size (measured by total assets, sales turnover, number of employees, and/or capital employed) of the main company. The competitor should also have the same legal form as that of the main company (e.g. both companies should be Public Limited Company). It is essential that a financial analyst should write out a well-organised and structured financial statements analysis report in an appropriate format and style to an identified user of accounting information, using headings and sub-headings to indicate topics discussed. This report should include the key groups of ratios, and identify the key issues, explanations, and main findings obtained from the calculated ratios, horizontal and vertical analyses, and other sources of information. Then, the analyst should come to appropriate conclusions, implications, limitations, and recommendations. A suggested approach to write a good report is demonstrated below. I. Abstract * Report Objective; * Main Findings. II. Summary of the Basic Company Information Before looking at any of the different analysis techniques, it is good to spend some time doing a little bit of background research...
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...Business Analysis & Valuation Project The objective of this project is to apply financial statement analysis techniques in a typical (equity) investment decision-making context. You should assume that you are required to make an investment recommendation to a fund manager. The fund manger wishes to add a stock to a diversified portfolio. The investment manager has a strategy of maximizing investor returns over the long term. Consistent with the course objectives, the project is an essential part of the course and aimed at developing your understanding of, and practical skills in financial statement analysis and valuation. It is also designed to enhance teamwork, and analytical and communication skills. To maximize the benefits of the project, you are required to progressively complete the project as the techniques are examined in the course. The project comprises two components: (1) an industry and company analysis, (2) a detailed project report, and Getting Started (Weeks 1-2) By the end of Week 2 you are required to: (1) Form groups of ideally 4 or 5 members. For part-time students who have difficulties in finding common free time for group meetings, groups of 2 or 3 are acceptable. (2) Select a company that is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). Your companies must have at least three years of annual reports available – it is your responsibility to pick a company with the required information available); (3) Enroll your group members online through Blackboard...
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...Assignment On Financial Analysis & Control Submitted To: Umme Hanna Airin Ara Acting Head of Finance Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted By: Md.Nazmul Hasan ID: BBA 031 11119 BATCH: 31(P) Program: BBA Course Title: Financial Analysis & Control Course Code: FIN- 434 Stamford University Bangladesh Date of submission: 17th November, 2011 The Demand for financial Statement Information: * Introduction Financial statement is the product of a diverse set of demand and supply forces. Financial statement information is needed to facilitate decision making to facilitate the monitoring of management or to interpret contracts or agreement that includes provisions based on such information. Parties demanding financial statement information A. Shareholders, Investors and Security Analysts: Shareholders and other investors of corporation these parties range from individuals with relatively limited resources to large, well endowed institutions such as insurance companies and mutual funds. These decision made by the parties include not only which shares to day retain, or sell, but also the timing of the purchases or sales of those shares. In an investment focus, the emphasis is on choosing a portfolio of securities that is consistent with the preferences of the investor for risk, return, dividend yield, liquidity and so on. In that...
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...2 Graduate Thesis By Teia R. Merring Copenhagen Business School Strategic and financial analysis and valuation of B&O 0 1 Executive Summary................................................................................2 Introduction............................................................................................6 1.1Motivation.................................................................................................................. 6 1.2Problem Specification................................................................................................ 8 1.3Problem Identification................................................................................................ 8 1.4Problem Handling .................................................................................................... 10 1.5Structure and Methodology...................................................................................... 12 1.5.1Introduction and Presentation........................................................................... 12 1.5.2Strategic Analysis............................................................................................. 12 1.5.3Financial Statement Analysis ........................................................................... 13 1.5.4Prognoses and Budgets..................................................................................... 14 1.5.5Valuation.......................................
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... : Monday 2:30 pm to 6:30 pm Role and Purpose This subject aims to introduce an analytical framework for carrying out business analysis and valuation by using financial statements for valuing different kind of businesses. It contributes to the achievement of the BBA Programme Outcomes by enabling students to identify and resolve ethical issues contained in the financial statements (Outcome 4), apply basic accounting and financial theories to analyze financial reports and to identify potential problems and risks (Outcome 7). By the end of this subject, students will become a professional user of financial statements to advance further into the field of business valuation as investment analysis. It requires students to present and communicate effectively in English for general business communication (Outcome 1). Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the subject, students will be able to: a. Develop the ability to critically assess a firm’s financial condition through analyzing financial statements; b. Apply analytical tools to make forecasts and value firms and projects using different valuation techniques; in certain business context such as credit analysis and equity valuation. c. Evaluate and compare corporate valuation decision in specific contexts such as securities analysis, credit assessment...
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...Introduction: Financial Statement Analysis is used by interested parties such as inventors, creditors, and management to evaluate the past, current and projected condition and performance of the firm. Its analysis helps user make better desiccations. Ration analysis is the most common form of financial analysis. It provides relative measures of the firm’s conditions and performance. Horizontal analysis and Vertical analysis are also popular forms. Horizontal analysis is used to evaluate the trend in the accounts over the years, while vertical analysis, also called a common size Financial Statement discloses the internal structure of the firm. It indicates the existing relationship between sales and each income statement account. It shows the mix of assets debt that produces income and the mix of the sources of capital, where by current or long-term debt of by equity funding. Financial Statement Analysis prepared for the internal auditors, Many different financial measures are used to analyze financial statements and rank the performance of competing investment opportunities, including growth in sales, return to stockholders, profit margin, and return on equity. These are just four possible measures considered and evaluated by investors and creditors. Financial statements presented in various formats to help facilitate analysis. A classified set of financial statements groups items with similar characteristics together. Groupings include categories such as current assets; property...
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...three years and also shows the forecast of the company for financial year 2012. This would help investors and researchers to decide on investing to SWM or not. SWM has been analyzed step by step in order to find out its true value in the industry. The analysts have first looked into SWM business and strategy where it has been noted that SWM was a result of merger of seven group holdings and Australian West Newspaper in order to expand and use their resources efficiently. Secondly, SWM accounting policies and procedures have been analyzed where they showed that the company is following the accounting standards and using their flexibility that was given by the standard in order to measure some accounts in the financial statement. This flexibility was compared to the industry where it has noted that the company is valuing these accounts in a proper way. Thirdly, a financial analysis was also undertaken. It has been understood that the company, though there was a merger, is managing their resources well that resulted to positive book and cash returns. Lastly, the forecasts of the said company, where the analyst has determined the company’s value and the full set of financial statement for 2012, were estimated and calculated intelligently. With the help of the four steps of business analysis, the group has recommended that it is safe to invest to seven west media even if merger has occurred twice in the last three financial year. I. INTRODUCTION In order for a business...
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