...REPORT OF COOPER AUDITING FIRM OF APOLLO SHOES, INCORPORATED To: The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Apollo Shoes, Incorporated The ____ Auditing Firm audited the balance sheets of Apollo Shoes, Inc. beginning December 31, 2008 and 2009 and the reports shared to the revenue, complete revenue, investors’ equity, and cash-flow for the period of two years that ended on December 31, 2008. ___ Auditing Firm has evaluated the manager’s statements of Apollo Shoes, Inc. that is placed with the attached Management’s Report in the part of the Internal Control-Over Financial Reporting. In this part, Apollo Shoes, Incorporated has retained effective internal control over financial reporting beginning December 31, 2008, the concern of a variety of standards, of the Internal Control Integrated Framework distributed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Apollo Shoes’ organization has a responsibility to uphold accurate financial statements, keeping effective internal control over financial reporting, and evaluation of internal control over the financial reporting system. __ Auditing Firm is accountable for issuing a professional judgment that will exemplify a complete evaluation of the financial statements, organization’s evaluation, and efficiency and success of the organizations internal control over financial reporting according to the auditing decisions of __ Auditing Firm. ___ Auditing Firm has performed the audit in agreement with the...
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...INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDITING Haryono, MCom, Ak 1 Why study Information Systems and Information Technology? • Vital component of successful businesses • Helps businesses expand and compete • Businesses use IS and IT: To improve efficiency and effectiveness of business processes For managerial decision making For workgroup collaboration IS and IT change the business process dramatically 2 IT Inside Organization 3 SIMASTERGAMA Case study: UGM UNIVERSITY ENTERPRISE SYSTEM Informasi untuk Eksekutif (Rektor, Wakil REktor, Direktur) Informasi untuk Manajer (Ka Adm, Kabag/Kasi) Academics MO DUL /AP LIK AS HR Payroll Library Accounting Informasi untuk Operasional (Front Office) I dll. Fakultas Biologi Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Fakultas ISIPOL Fakultas Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran Fakultas Pertanian TAS KUL FA Transition of IS Governance Poor IS Governance Good IS Governance 5 Need for Audit of Information Systems 6 Information System Auditing “IS Auditing is the process of collecting and evaluating evidence to determine whether a computer system safeguards assets, maintains data integrity, allows organizational goals to be achieved effectively, and uses resources efficiently” (Weber, 1999) 7 Objectives of IS Auditing Evaluate and Improved of… asset safeguarding system efficiency IS Auditing system effectiveness data integrity 8 Information Technology Auditing IT audits: provide...
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...Introduction Technology plays a vital role in continuous auditing activities. As an automatic method, continuous auditing’s responsibility is to perform auditing activities more frequently which including control and risk assessments. With the aim of helping to automate the identification of anomalies or exceptions, analyze models, test controls and review trends, “Continuous” in this aspect of continuous reporting and auditing serves as the financial information’s real-time ability to be shared and checked. Continuous auditing presents that the financial information’s integrity can be evaluated at any given-point-time; as a result, financial information’s inefficient, frauds and errors could able to be verified constantly. In the other hand, we could consider continuous auditing as a very detailed audit. 1 Historical development of continuous auditing As a kind of audit method, it theoretical sources is from the traditional auditing method. The traditional auditing theory is the basis of analyzing the continuous auditing. Most of the auditing is a format of statutory audit, but not all the auditing is required by the statutory from the beginning. Under the freedom of market environment, we should strengthen research on audit risk, explore ways of audit risk management and control, continue to improve audit quality, and reduce audit risk. “In fact, the concept of “continuous auditing” has been around since the late 1980s. But the urgency that Sarbanes-Oxley has brought...
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...Accounting Information Systems Research Paper Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted into law in 2002 in the wake of corporation financial reporting scandals involving large publicly held companies. SOX instituted new strict financial regulations with the intent of improving accounting practices and protecting investors from corporate misconduct. SOX requires corporate executives to vouch for the accuracy of financial statements, and to institute and monitor effective internal controls over financial reporting. The cost of implementing an effective internal control structure are onerous, and SOX inflicts opportunity costs upon an enterprise as executives have become more risk adverse due to fears of incrimination. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was created by SOX to oversee the accounting process and dictate independence requirements for auditors and auditing committees. The PCAOB proposed regulations must be approved by the SEC before they are enacted. Since the passage of SOX, the IT department has become critical in designing and implementing the internal controls in company accounting information systems. The Information Technology Governance Institute (ITGI) created a framework called Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) to provide guidance for companies to implement and monitor IT governance. Accounting Information Systems Research Paper The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 changed the...
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...Accredited Tertiary Courses Listing 2012 Accredited Tertiary Courses Listing 2012 – as at 26 September 2012 1 2012 Accredited Undergraduate Courses AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY The Australian National University University of Canberra NEW SOUTH WALES Australian Catholic University Australian Institute of Higher Education Avondale College Charles Sturt University Kings Own Institute Macquarie University Southern Cross University Top Education Institute The University of New England The University of New South Wales The University of Newcastle The University of Sydney University of Technology, Sydney University of Western Sydney University of Wollongong Williams Business College NORTHERN TERRITORY Charles Darwin University QUEENSLAND Australian Catholic University Bond University Central Queensland University Christian Heritage College Griffith University James Cook University Queensland University of Technology The University of Queensland The University of Southern Queensland University of the Sunshine Coast SOUTH AUSTRALIA Flinders University Kaplan Business School The University of Adelaide University of South Australia Open Universities (conferred by Uni of SA) TASMANIA University of Tasmania VICTORIA Australian Catholic University Cambridge International College Carrick Higher Education Deakin University Holmes Institute Holmesglen Institute of TAFE La Trobe University Melbourne Institute of Technology Monash University Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE RMIT...
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...Financial Statement Insurance System For years, investors in Chinese companies have used the reputations of outside auditors, institutional investors, and global investment banks as a proxy for reliable financial reporting. In fact, the Securities and Exchange Commission led to increasing battles with Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, which discovered the bookkeeping fraud at Longtop Financial Technologies of China. Deloutte audited the company’s book and stated that Longtop sill recorded $332 million off-balance sheet (S.E.C. clashes with deloitte in China over fraud, 2011). However, this has become worse. Since March, Chinese Government announced that more than two dozen companies said they will resign their auditors because of some accounting problems, according to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. As a result, the SEC charged the overseas companies listed in the United States according to these scandals (Jubak, 2011). Since the financial statements were not disclosed transparently and accurately, even misstated, the independence of auditors in Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu obviously was lost. Nowadays, since the independence of the auditor is lacking, the fraudulent cases, such as financial misstatement, have occurred frequently in China. One major cause is that an inherent conflict of interest is created between the management of clients and the auditor. The auditors are paid by the client companies; they thus depend on CEOs and CFOs, who effectively decide...
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...MGT320 Portfolio Project Post-Enron Era Ethics The time for change is now! CEO’s must continue to be held accountable for the accuracy of their financial statements, and the performance of their company. To assure the accuracy of a publicly traded company’s financial status reporting, an additional requirement of an outside industry experienced auditing firm is needed, as well as performance based pay contracts for publically traded companies’ officers. The goal is simple, change the mindset of CEO’s, boards of directors (BOD’s), and shareholders by teaching them the fundamentals of business ethics. To obtain our goal, we must first have a basic understanding of existing legislation and the willingness to create new legislation for the betterment of America. To begin, a discussion in regards to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is important for the purposes of an overview of existing legislation. In the past the US government has relied on the states to monitor and enforce the rules of auditors. Typically public accountants were licensed by the states to audit corporate financials; however the states had very little, if any, money to provide the necessary funds for enforcement. “Public accountants were licensed by the states, but states devote few resources to supervising auditors; federal regulation of auditing was light; and no federal agency supervised auditors. A Public Oversight Board for auditors was created in 1978, but it was dominated by accountants, funded by the audit...
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...is defined as an independent evaluation implementation by an independent expert of a particular activity or event. There are many types of audits such as financial, operational, technological etc. The most popular reference to audits, however; are the ones that examine financial statements. Auditing is the examination and systematic structural evaluation of an organized business. The evaluation is made up of operations within the business organization and the products and developments of production occurring within the business system. An investigation into past history of a business is involved in auditing. Records and data about a company are also involved, in order to measure and discover the legality of the business's transactions operations, tax reporting, and thorough handling of finances. To be blunt, audits test the financial legitimacy claimed by a business entity. According to R. Gene Brown’s “Changing Audit Objectives and Techniques”, (The Accounting Review, Vol. 37, No. 4), reviewing the history of auditing helps to provide a basis for analyzing and interpreting the changes which have occured in audit objectives and procedures over the years. Fundamentally, this review shows a recent significant correlation between expanded reliance on internal controls and a decrease in detailed testing. The future of auditing will probably consist primarily of a procedural or systematic review, with the analysis of effectiveness of internal controls providing the major basis for...
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...How Sarbanes-Oxley Has Impacted the Auditing Profession Auditing (BME-214024-02-11FA1) Table of Contents Introduction 3 Internal System and Process Collaboration Is Critical For SOX Compliance 3-5 Analyzing SOX by Section to Assess the Impact on Auditors: Section 302 5 Section 404 5-6 Section 409 6-7 Section 802 7 SOXs’ Impact on the Audit Profession 7-8 Conclusion 8-9 References 10 Introduction In the past decade or so government-mandated compliance legislation within the auditing profession, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, has created a significantly greater amount of opportunities for providing services. However, it has also introduced an entirely new and higher level of complexity as a result. In this paper I will evaluate how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has and is continuing to influence the auditing profession, specifically concentrating on how the advantages and disadvantages of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are impacting this profession today and in the future. Although Governance, Risk and Compliance has grown significantly as a framework for ensuring corporate-wide compliance with government-based reporting and auditing, there is still a considerable gap between actual auditing practices and performance to standards (Jelinek, Jelinek, 223). The lack of internal controls over the auditing process has created significantly more work for companies to ensure...
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...Chapter 1 An Introduction to Assurance and Financial Statement Auditing * Key Term * Assurance Services (鉴证业务): Independent professional services that improve the quality of information, or its context, for decision makers. Encompasses attest services and financial statement audits * Reporting not only on the reliability and credibility of information, but also on the relevance and timelines. * Attest (声明): A service when a practitioner (从业者) is engaged to issue or does issue a report on subject matter, or an assertion about subject matter, that is the responsibility of another party. Encompasses financial statement audits. * A broader auditing service, including not only economic events or actions. * Financial statement auditing is a specialized form of an attest service * Audit evidence (审计证据): All the information used by the auditor in arriving at the conclusions on which the audit opinion is based. Audit evidence includes the information contained in the accounting records underlying the financial statements, as well as other information. * Sufficiency: The quantity of evidence the auditor obtains * Appropriateness: The quality * Relevance: Whether the evidence is relevant to the specific management assertion being test * Reliable: The diagnosticity (可诊断性) of the evidence * Audit risk: The risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated. * The auditor...
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...Accounting Information Systems Research Paper Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted into law in 2002 in the wake of corporation financial reporting scandals involving large publicly held companies. SOX instituted new strict financial regulations with the intent of improving accounting practices and protecting investors from corporate misconduct. SOX requires corporate executives to vouch for the accuracy of financial statements, and to institute and monitor effective internal controls over financial reporting. The cost of implementing an effective internal control structure are onerous, and SOX inflicts opportunity costs upon an enterprise as executives have become more risk adverse due to fears of incrimination. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was created by SOX to oversee the accounting process and dictate independence requirements for auditors and auditing committees. The PCAOB proposed regulations must be approved by the SEC before they are enacted. Since the passage of SOX, the IT department has become critical in designing and implementing the internal controls in company accounting information systems. The Information Technology Governance Institute (ITGI) created a framework called Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) to provide guidance for companies to implement and monitor IT governance. Accounting Information Systems Research Paper The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 changed the...
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...AUO1 – Auditing and Information Systems Additional Study Questions Accounting Information Systems Competency 302.1.1: Nature and Purpose The student understands the nature and purpose of information systems. 1. What is the difference between transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems? Transaction processing systems - document financial activities Management information systems - used to collect qualitative as well as quantitative information for decision making within organizations Decision support systems - help the developers of an AIS identify what information they need for their planning, decision making, and control functions 2. How is a flowchart used? A document flowchart traces the physical flow of documents through an organization—that is, the flow of documents from the departments, groups, or individuals who first created them to their final destinations. 3. How is the accounting information system documented? An accounting information system is a collection of data and processing procedures that creates needed information for its users. An information system's components: Data or information is input, processed, and output as information for planning, decision-making, and control purposes. 4. What are effective coding systems used in AIS? 1) mnemonic codes, (2) sequence codes, (3) block codes, and (4) group codes. 5. How do accounting information software packages differ? Owners will have to...
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...AUDITING CASE STUDY ACCT: 407-01 3/31/2010 The general definition of an audit is an evaluation of a person, organization, system, process, enterprise, project or product. Audits are performed to ascertain the validity[->0] and reliability[->1] of information; also to provide an assessment of a system's internal control[->2]. The goal of an audit is to express an opinion on the person / organization/system (etc) in question, under evaluation based on work done on a test basis. Due to practical constraints, an audit seeks to provide only reasonable assurance that the statements are free from material error. Hence, statistical sampling is often adopted in audits. In the case of financial audits[->3], a set of financial statements are said to be true and fair when they are free of material misstatements - a concept influenced by both quantitative and qualitative factors. Audit is a vital part of accounting[->4]. Traditionally, audits were mainly associated with gaining information about financial systems and the financial records of a company or a business (see financial audit[->5]). However, recent auditing has begun to include other information about the system, such as information about security risks, information systems performance (beyond financial systems), and environmental performance. As a result, there are now professions conducting security audits, IS audits, and environmental audits[->6]. In financial accounting[->7], an audit is an independent assessment...
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...System Integrity and Validation and Summary of Recommendations Jessica Noble ACC 542 March 23, 2015 Milan Havel System Integrity and Validation Since the proposal of the new software at Kudler Fine Foods, the system integrity and the use of computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) will need to be discussed. This brief will follow three topics (1) how CAATs is used to validate data and system integrity, (2) explain the functions of audit productivity software, and (3) provide details on how audit productivity software may be used in the system. CAATs is used to Validate Data and System Integrity Auditors use computer assisted auditing techniques (CAAT) for several reasons. CAATs not only help auditors with software but they can use data for analyzing, look for patterns, and identify fraud (Hunton, Bryant, & Bagranoff, 2004). By using CAATs it will increase efficiency for both internal and external audits. By doing this it will allow auditors to look at all financial information. CAATs are valuable to auditors when testing or validating computer applications because they can determine if codes have been accessed illegally. If audits were conducted manually then an auditor would not be able to examine the data. To verify system integrity, auditors can validate applications through test data, an integrated test facility, or through a parallel simulation. Test data is described as the use of false data entered into the systems. “This...
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...This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010) Accountancy Key concepts Accountant · Accounting period · Bookkeeping · Cash and accrual basis · Constant Item Purchasing Power Accounting · Cost of goods sold · Debits and credits · Double-entry system · Fair value accounting · FIFO & LIFO · GAAP / International Financial Reporting Standards · General ledger · Historical cost · Matching principle · Revenue recognition · Trial balance Fields of accounting Cost · Financial · Forensic · Fund · Management · Tax Financial statements Statement of Financial Position · Statement of cash flows · Statement of changes in equity · Statement of comprehensive income · Notes · MD&A · XBRL Auditing Auditor's report · Financial audit · GAAS / ISA · Internal audit · Sarbanes–Oxley Act Accounting qualifications CA · CCA · CGA · CMA · CPA · CGFM · APA This box: view · talk · edit The general definition of an audit is an evaluation of a person, organization, system, process, enterprise, project or product. The term most commonly refers to audits in accounting, but similar concepts also exist in project management, quality management, and energy conservation. Contents [hide] 1 Audits in accounting 1.1 Integrated audits 1.2 Assessments 1.3 Types of auditors 2 Quality audits 3 In Project Management 4 Energy audits 5 See also 6 References ...
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