...Rumination of Self Privileges/Advantages: I believe that my parents, family culture, and being a “military brat”, are advantages that have shaped me into the person I am today. My mom and dad are both very educated, open minded, and involved parents. Their personalities ties in with our family culture. Being the involved people they are; my parents always believed it was highly important to be physically and socially involved. They always made sure I attended summer camps in the summer, sports and clubs during the school year, and extracurricular activities over the weekends. This is an advantage, because it helped me to become comfortable when working with others. Not only is my family culture an advantage, but being a military family gives me an even bigger boost. Since, my family is a military family; we move around the country a lot. This caused me to easily adapt to different environments, and different people. These three advantages will contribute to my success, because it gave me my social savviness. According to The Trouble with Geniuses Part 2, parents being more involved with their children’s education and extracurricular teaches their children to be accustomed to their environment, the ability to communicate with adults making them less afraid of authority, and giving them a sense of “entitlement.” This relates to me, because my parents are involved with my life, and it caused me to be accustomed to any environment I endure. Disadvantages/Oppressions: I believe...
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...UNDERSTANDING DIVINE DESTINY Kenneth Omeje Scripture quotations marked KJV are from the Holy Bible, King James Version (Authorized Version). First published in 1611. Quoted from the KJV Classic Reference Bible, Copyright © 1983 by The Zondervan Corporation. Scripture quotations marked NKJV are taken from the New King James Version. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved. [Biblica] Scripture quotations marked RSV are taken from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright...
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...ATTRIBUTION THEORY (Attribution - to explain by indicating a cause) ATTRIBUTION THEORY - motivational theory looking at how the average person constructs the meaning of an event based on his /her motives to find a cause and his/her knowledge of the environment. Att. Theory basically looks at how people make sense of their world; what cause and effect inferences they make about the behaviors of others and of themselves. Heider states that there is a strong need in individuals to understand transient events by attributing them to the actor's disposition or to stable characteristics of the environment. The purpose behind making attributions is to achieve COGNITIVE CONTROL over one's environment by explaining and understanding the causes behind behaviors and environmental occurrences. Making attributions gives order and predictability to our lives; helps us to cope. Imagine what it would be like if you felt that you had no control over the world. (talk about later) When you make attributions you analyze the situation by making inferences (going beyond the information given) about the dispositions of others and yourself as well as inferences about the environment and how it may be causing a person to behave. Two basic kinds of attributions made: INTERNAL and EXTERNAL INTERNAL - dispositional EXTERNAL - situational Consequences of making inferences: 1) gives order and predictability; 2) inferences lead to behavior - you will...
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...“Entrepreneurs are born not made.” Critically analyse this statement with reference to the literature and to your experience of entrepreneurship. This essay aims to evaluate the various traits identified with entrepreneurs, and then establish whether entrepreneurs are born with these traits, or whether, they are shaped and developed through their life experiences. Put simply the purpose of this essay is to establish whether entrepreneurs are ‘born or made’. This essay focuses on two distinct schools of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship: The more traditional group of researchers has focused on the personality characteristics of the individual, the internal factors, whilst a second group of researchers have taken a social cognitive approach. They look at the relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The external factors include culture, role models, work experience, education, and environment. This essay looks at the early definitions of an entrepreneur, evaluates the literature which supports the theory that entrepreneurs are ‘born’, and also evaluates the proposal that there is a relationship between the individual entrepreneur and their social environment, that is, entrepreneurs are ‘made’. Cantillon (1756) defined the entrepreneur as engaging in business without an assurance of profits; thus the bearing of risk being the distinguishing feature of an entrepreneur. Jean Baptiste Say expanded on this by making the entrepreneur the pivot of the...
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...errors seems to indicate a basic character flaw that precipitates them. Oedipus’ character flaw is ego. This is made evident in the opening lines of the prologue when he states "Here I am myself--you all know me, the world knows my fame: I am Oedipus." (ll. 7-9) His conceit is the root cause of a number of related problems. Among these are recklessness, disrespect, and stubbornness. Oedipus displays an attitude of recklessness and disrespect throughout the play. When he makes his proclamation and no one confesses to the murder of Laius, Oedipus loses patience immediately and rushes into his curse. Later, he displays a short temper to Tiresias: "You, you scum of the earth . . . out with it, once and for all!," (ll. 381, 383) and "Enough! Such filth from him? Insufferable--what, still alive? Get out--faster, back where you came from--vanish!" (ll. 490-492) If an unwillingness to listen may be considered stubbornness, certainly Oedipus would take advice from no one who would tell him to drop the matter of his identity, among them Tiresias, the shepherd, and even Jocasta. Even after Oedipus thinks he has received a reprieve from the fate he fears when he hears that Polybus is dead, he does not have the sense to keep still. "So! Jocasta, why, why look to the Prophet’s hearth . . . all those prophesies I feared . . . they’re nothing, worthless," he says. (ll.1053-1054, 1062, 1064) To the shepherd,...
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...The environment plays a huge role in human behavior from larger things like whether the country that a person lives in is at war to smaller things like the type of weather that is typical for that specific area. You may have heard of the term nature vs. nurture before. This is a term that psychologists use to describe different reasons for why people behave in the ways that they do. Nature refers to people’s DNA. This is their inherent genetic makeup that plays a role in not only their behavior but also in their outward appearance. Nurture describes the environment that people live in including each person’s own experiences within their family but also their experiences in the larger world and within their community. Human beings are programmed response in every sense of the word. We learn everything that we are from others. We are not born with knowledge or personality; we acquire those from society-at-large. As an example; if, at the moment you were born, you were exchanged with a baby being born in Ethiopia, and your skin, hair, and eyes were altered to that of other Ethiopians, you would grow up and be an entirely different person. Your taste in food, music, dress, and all your aspects of culture would be entirely different from who you are today. If the two of you were to meet as adults, neither would recognize similar behavioral attributes in the other. Each of you would have entirely different personalities. Genetically, you may have the same physical...
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...The following is a highlighted summary of the book, Competing for the Future, published by Harvard Business School Publishing. The statements below are key points of the book as determined by James Altfeld and have been made available at no charge to the user. Competing for the Future By Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad Look around your company. Look at the high profile initiatives that have been launched recently. Look at the issues that are preoccupying senior management. Look at the criteria and benchmarks by which progress is being measured. Look at the track record of new business creation. Look into the faces of your colleagues and consider their dreams and fears. Look toward the future and regenerate success again and again in the years and decades to come. Now ask yourself: Does senior management have a clear and broadly shared understanding of how the industry may be different ten years from now? Are its headlights shining farther out than those of competitors? Is its point of view about the future clearly reflected in the company’s short term priorities? Is its point of view about the future competitively unique? Ask yourself: How influential is my company in setting the new rules of competition within its industry? Is it regularly redefining new ways of doing business building new capabilities, and setting new standards of customer satisfaction? Is it more a rule maker than a rule taker within its industry? Is it more intent on challenging the industry status quo...
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...basis of teachings set forth by philosophers throughout the ages, starting with the great Greek thinkers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. As you might expect, there have been many alterations 修改 to these moral principles throughout the years. What was considered ethically correct by some was rejected by others and replaced with their own concept of what constituted moral or ethical behavior. A Comment about Philosophy: Philosophy, unlike science, addresses issues that cannot be solved. In fact, some philosophers state that if a problem can be solved, philosophers will not even address the issue, feeling that it should be considered by other disciplines. One of the most notable examples of philosophical inquiry is the commonly quoted question posed by Bertrand Russell: “If a tree falls in the forest and there is no one there to hear it, will it make a noise?” While these types of mind games may interest some, they become difficult to apply when ethical issues need...
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...XXX10.1177/1529100612436522Finkel et al.Online Dating 2012 Research Article Online Dating: A Critical Analysis From the Perspective of Psychological Science Psychological Science in the Public Interest 13(1) 3–66 © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1529100612436522 http://pspi.sagepub.com Eli J. Finkel1, Paul W. Eastwick2, Benjamin R. Karney3, Harry T. Reis4, and Susan Sprecher5 1 Northwestern University; 2Texas A&M University; 3University of California, Los Angeles; University of Rochester; and 5Illinois State University 4 Summary Online dating sites frequently claim that they have fundamentally altered the dating landscape for the better. This article employs psychological science to examine (a) whether online dating is fundamentally different from conventional offline dating and (b) whether online dating promotes better romantic outcomes than conventional offline dating. The answer to the first question (uniqueness) is yes, and the answer to the second question (superiority) is yes and no. To understand how online dating fundamentally differs from conventional offline dating and the circumstances under which online dating promotes better romantic outcomes than conventional offline dating, we consider the three major services online dating sites offer: access, communication, and matching. Access refers to users’ exposure to and opportunity to evaluate potential romantic...
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...Social Psychology 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 1 Lesson 4: Attribution and Social Knowledge 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 2 Key Terms in Social Cognition Cognitive consistency, naïve psychologist/scientist Attribution, cognitive miser, motivated tactician Asch's configural model, central traits, peripheral traits Primacy, recency, personal constructs, Implicit personality theories, stereotype, Cognitive algebra, summation, averaging, weighted averaging Schema, script, roles, self-schema, content-free schema Prototype, fuzzy sets, stereotypes, exemplars Social identity theory, self-categorisation theory, salience Accentuation principle, bookkeeping, conversion, subtyping Attribution & Social Knowledge You have just arrived in a foreign country and find yourself becoming irritated at the seemingly aloof and offhand manner in which people respond to your requests for directions to the hotel. Is their unfriendliness deliberate? Might it be a cultural practice? Are you an intolerant person to have taken offence so readily? 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 4 Attribution & Social Knowledge Or does their behaviour simply confirm your expectations about people from that country? Do you really care? What factors would you take into account to explain their behaviour and your reactions? What might be the consequences of the explanation you arrive at? 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 5 Attribution Theory ...
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...The Novel Project Your name: Giselle Gonzalez Your Novel: 1984 – George Orwell 1. Explain how the novel represents two or more concerns of its historical time period; these concerns may be economic, political, cultural, social, or moral concerns. Clarify the author’s view on one of the following as s/he presents the concerns: right vs wrong; conservative vs radical, or elite vs commonplace. Orwell published “1984” in 1948 just after the end of World War II. Although at this time, Hitler’s reign was brought to an end, Joseph Stalin, another ruthless leader was still in power. Though they were adversaries during WW II, both men shared acute similarities in their success towards creating a totalitarian government much like the one seen in “Nineteen Eighty-Four.” The ghastly, but impressive ease with which each ruler rose and remained in power is possibly what caused Orwell to focus so heavily on political concerns in his novel. While there are no direct allusions to the Adolf Hitler or Stalin, the political devices used by the Party to control Party members in Oceania are undeniably parallel to the manipulation and brutality that each ruler used to control government. Big Brother for instance, is a fearless leader who is loved by all of the Party members. Though it is never confirmed whether or not he is a real person or just an idea, citizens praise him almost instinctively, posters of him are found in every building, and badmouthing him is not only an act of audacity, but punishable...
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...Business Strategies for Managing Complex Supply Chains in Large Emerging Economies: The Story of AMUL Pankaj Chandra Devanath Tirupati Indian Institute of Management Vastrapur, Ahmedabad 380015 India chandra@iimahd.ernet.in devanath@iimahd.ernet.in Revised April 2003 Acknowledgement: We would like to thank BM Vyas, MD, GCMMF, Kailash Vyas, MD, AMUL and many employees of the two organizations for hours of discussion, for making documents on performance and practices available to us for research, and for arranging field visits to various village societies, chilling units, and union plants. We are also grateful to MS Sriram and Partha Mukhopadhyay for their extensive comments on the paper. This project was funded by a grant from Research & Publications, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India. Abstract In this paper we describe a case study of a dairy cooperative, AMUL, in western India that has developed a successful model for doing business in large emerging economy. It has been primarily responsible, through its innovative practices, for India to become world’s largest producer of milk. This paper draws various lessons from the experiences of AMUL that would be useful to cooperatives globally as well as firms that are interested in doing business in large emerging markets like India and China. Many of these economies have underdeveloped markets and fragmented supply bases. Market failures for many of these small producers are high. On the other hand, the...
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...businesses.’ Richard Hanscombe and Philip Norman (1993) ‘Effective strategic management is the ultimate aim of all managers.’ Financial Times, 1997 ‘The survival, growth and prosperity of any organisation depends on the quality and viability of the strategy the organisation is pursuing.’ Andrew Kakabadse, Ron Ludlow and Susan Vinicombe (1988) Indeed, such is the importance attached to the subject of strategy that one commentator on the subject, Richard Whittington (1993), reports that ‘there are thirty-seven books in print with the title Strategic Management’. Similarly a leading strategy thinker, Henry Mintzberg, and his colleagues (1998) note that ‘The literature of strategic management is vast – the number of items we reviewed over the years numbers close to 2,000 – and it grows larger every day.’ However, despite the importance given to them, thinking, writing and talking about ‘strategy’-related topics are subject to two main challenges, as is acknowledged by the warning issued by a leading thinker on marketing strategy, Paul Fifield. ‘The word “strategy” has become one of the most common and badly used words in business writing.’ Paul Fifield (1992) The twin challenges faced here in using the term ‘strategy’ are as follows: • First, unless the user is wary of how...
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...BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES Kevin Lane Keller Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 (603) 646-0393 (o) (603) 646-1308 (f) kevin.keller@dartmouth.edu Donald R. Lehmann Graduate School of Business Columbia University 507 Uris Hall 3022 Broadway New York, NY 10027 (212) 854-3465 (o) (212) 854-8762 (f) drl2@columbia.edu August 2004 Revised February 2005 Second Revision May 2005 Thanks to Kathleen Chattin from Intel Corporation and Darin Klein from Microsoft Corporation, members of the Marketing Science Institute Brands and Branding Steering Group, and participants at the Marketing Science Institute Research Generation Conference and 2004 AMA Doctoral Consortium for helpful feedback and suggestions. BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES ABSTRACT Branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade due to the growing realization that brands are one of the most valuable intangible assets that firms have. Driven in part by this intense industry interest, academic researchers have explored a number of different brand-related topics in recent years, generating scores of papers, articles, research reports, and books. This paper identifies some of the influential work in the branding area, highlighting what has been learned from an academic perspective on important topics such as brand positioning, brand integration, brand equity measurement, brand growth...
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...Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud assessed his patients using a psychosexual theory of development. He viewed development through a lens of sexuality and sought to interpret how childhood experiences impacted adulthood. He grouped development into four stages: oral, anal, latency, and genital (Friedman & Schustak, pgs. 70-76). Freud felt that most adult challenges originated with a fixation at one of these stages. If I were on Freud�s couch, he might notice my on-going pursuit or �intake� of learning and new ideas. He might spend some time probing about my relationship with my mother and learn that she was often pre-occupied (with stress, divorce, new marriage, etc.) during my early development. He would discover that I am still seeking a connection with her, in many ways, as an adult. Freud might interpret that I am fixated at the oral stage and that my mother�s inconsistent responsiveness makes me continue to seek mothering and validation in the form of instruction and grades. In addition to his psychosexual analysis, Freud utilized the unconscious and structures of the psyche (id, ego, superego) to assess his patients (Friedman & Schustak, pg. 67). In this context, Freud would likely say that I am superego driven. I have always been very focused on trying to do what is �right.� Freud might draw a connection to my oral fixation and say that I am still seeking validation from my mother through obsessively socially acceptable behavior. I want to be loved...
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